Toz metalurjisi metoduyla üretilen Cr-C takviyeli Cu matrisli kompozitlerin mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada saf Cu tozu içerisine farklı oranlarda Cr ve C ilavesi yapılarak toz metalurjisi tekniği (T/M) ile Cu matrisli kompozit malzemeler üretilmiştir.  Cu tozu içerisine farklı oranlarda Cr ve C ilave edilerek elde edilen toz karışımları 300 MPa basınç uygulanarak şekillendirilmiştir. Optimum sinterleme sıcaklığının tespit edilmesi amacıyla şekillendirilen numuneler farklı sıcaklıklarda sinterlenmiştir. Sinterleme işlemlerinin başarısı yoğunluk ölçümleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Üretilen kompozit numunelerin mikroyapı ve mekanik özellikleri karakterize edilmiştir. Mikroyapısal karakterizasyon X-ışınları analizi (XRD), taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ve enerji dağılım spektrometresi (EDS) incelemeleri ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Farklı oranlarda Cr ve C ilavesinin mekanik özelliklere etkisi sertlik ölçümleri ve çekme testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Yoğunluk ölçümleri artan Cr ve C oranıyla birlikte ulaşılabilen bağıl yoğunluk değerlerinin arttığını göstermiştir. XRD analizi, Cr’un sinterleme işlemi esnasında mikroyapıda karbür ve nitrür bileşikleri oluşturduğunu göstermiştir. Oluşan bu bileşiklere bağlı olarak artan Cr ve C oranıyla birlikte elde edilen sertlik değerleri de artmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cu,Cr-C,kompozit,mikroyapı,sertlik,çekme dayanımı

Microstructural and mechanical properties of Cr-C reinforced Cu matrix composites produced through powder metallurgy method

Abstract

    In this study, Cu matrix composite materials were produced by powder metallurgy technique (PM) by adding Cr and C at different ratios to pure Cu powder. Powder mixtures obtained by adding Cr and C at various ratios into the Cu powder were shaped by applying a pressure of 300 MPa. The specimens were sintered at different temperatures in order to determine the optimum sintering temperature. The success of the sintering process was evaluated by density measurements. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the produced composite specimens are characterized. Microstructural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analyses. The effects of Cr and C addition on mechanical properties at different ratios were evaluated by hardness measurements and tensile tests. Density measurements have shown that the relative density values ​​that can be achieved with increased Cr and C ratios are increased. XRD analysis showed that Cr formed carbide and nitride compounds in the microstructure during sintering. The hardness values ​​obtained with these Cr and C ratios increased with the increase of these compounds.

Keywords

• Cu,Cr-C,composite,microstructure,hardness,tensile strength

Kaynakça

1. [1] Akramifard H.R., Shamanian M., Sabbaghian M., Esmailzadeh M., Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu/SiC metal matrix composite fabricated via friction stir processing, Materials and Design, 54, 838–844, 2014.
2. [2] Liang Y., Zhao Q., Zhang Z., Li X., Ren L., Effect of B4C particle size on the reaction behavior of self-propagation high-temperature synthesis of TiC–TiB2 ceramic/Cu composites from a Cu–Ti–B4C system, Int. Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 46, 71–79, 2014.
3. [3] Barmouz M., Basharati Givi M.K., Seyfi J., On the role of processing parameters in producing Cu/SiC metal matrix composites via friction stir processing: Investigating microstructure, microhardness, wear and tensile behavior, Mater Charact, 62, 108–17, 2011.
4. [4] Barmouz M., Asadi P., Basharati Givi M.K., Taherishargh M., Investigation of mechanical properties of Cu/SiC composite fabricated by FSP; Effect of SiC particles size and volume fraction. Mater Sci Eng A, 528, 1740–9, 2011.
5. [5] Ziyuan Sh., Deqing W., Surface dispersion hardening Cu matrix alloy. Appl Surf Sci, 167, 107–12, 2000.
6. [6] Dieter J.E., Mechanichal Metallurgy, New York, McGraw-Hill, 1961.
7. [7] Sobhani M., Arabi H., Mirhabibi A., Brydson R.M.D., Microstructural evolution of copper−titanium alloy during in-situ formation of TiB2 particles, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, 23, 2994−3001, 2013.
8. [8] Gu L.Y., Liang G.Y., Zheng Z.B., Investigation of in situ Cu–TiB2 composite on the copper using later melting synthesis, J Mater Eng Perform, 16(5), 54–8, 2007.

9. [9] Xu Q., Zhang X., Han J., He X., Kvanin V.L., Combustion synthesis and densification of titanium diboride-copper matrix composite, Mater Lett, 57, 4439–44, 2003.
10. [10] Bozic D., Cvijovic-Alagic I., Dimcic B., Stasic J., Rajkovic V., In-situ processing of TiB2 nanoparticle-reinforced copper matrix composites, Sci Sintering, 41, 143–50, 2009.
11. [11] Callister W.D., Materials Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
12. [12] Gökçe A., Fındık F., Kurt A.O., Microstructural examination and properties of premixed Al-Cu-Mg powder metallurgy alloy, Materials Characterization, 62, 730-735, 2011.
13. [13] German R.M., Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials Processing, Metal Powder Industries Federation, 2005.
14. [14] Stoloff N.S., Wrought and powder metallurgy (P/M) superalloys, ASM Handbook: Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High Performance Alloys, 1, 1478-1527, 2005.
15. [15] Simchi A., Densification and microstructural evolution during co-sintering of Ni-Base superalloy powders, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions: A, 37A, 2549–2557, 2006.
16. [16] Vervoort P.J., Vetter R., Duszczyk J., Overview of powder injection molding, Advanced Performance Materials, 3, 121-151, 1996.
17. [17] Rashad M., Pan F., Asif M., Room temperature mechanical properties of Mg–Cu–Al alloys synthesized using powder metallurgy method, Materials Science & Engineering: A, 644, 129–136, 2015.
18. [18] Chakrabarti D.J., Laughlin D.E., Cr-Cu (Chromium-Copper), in ASM Handbook, vol. 3, Alloy Phase Diagrams, 1984.
19. [19] Özgün Ö., Gülsoy H.Ö., Findik F., Yilmaz R., Microstructure and mechanical properties of injection moulded Nimonic-90 superalloy parts, Powder Metall., 55, 405–414, 2012.
20. [20] Özgün Ö., Gülsoy H.Ö., Yilmaz R., Findik F., Injection molding of nickel based 625 superalloy: Sintering, heat treatment, microstructure and mechanical properties, J. Alloys Comp., 546, 192–207, 2013.
21. [21] Özgün Ö., Gülsoy H.Ö., Yılmaz R., Fındık F., Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Injection Molded 718 Superalloy Powders, J. Alloys Comp., 576, 140–153, 2013.
22. [22] Gülsoy H.Ö., Özgün Ö. and Bilketay S., Powder injection molding of Stellite 6 powder: Sintering, microstructural and mechanical properties, Materials Science and Engineering A, 651, 914-924, 2016.
23. [23] Pollock T.M., Tin S., Nickel-Based Superalloys for Advanced Turbine Engines: Chemistry, Microstructure and Properties, Journal of Propulsion and Power, 22(2), 361–374, 2006.
24. [24] Dehmas M., Lacaze J., Niang A., Viguier B., TEM study of high-temperature precipitation of delta phase in Inconel 718 alloy, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1–9, 2011.
25. [25] Uddin S.M., Mahmud T., Wolf C., Glanz C., Kolaric I., Volkmer C., Höller H., Wienecke U., Roth S., Fecht H-J., Effect of size and shape of metal particles to improve hardness and electrical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced copper and copper alloy composites, Compos Sci Technol., 70(16), 2253–2257, 2010.
26. [26] Efe G.C., Yener T., Altinsoy I., Ipek M., Zeytin S., Bindal C., The effect of sintering temperature on some properties of Cu–SiC composite, J Alloy Compd, 509, 6036-6042, 2011.
27. [27] Prosviryakov A.S., SiC content effect on the properties of Cu–SiC composites produced by mechanical alloying, J Alloy Compd., 632, 707-710, 2015.
28. [28] Zhan Y., Zhang G., The effect of interfacial modifying on the mechanical and wear properties of SiCp/Cu composites, Mater Lett, 57(29), 4583–4591, 2003.
29. [29] Chen W.X., Tu J.P., Wang L.Y., Gan H.Y., Xu Z.D., Zhang X.B., Tribological application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites, Carbon, 41, 215–222, 2003.
30. [30] Ning Y., Patnaik P.C., Liu R., Yao M.X., Wu X.J., Effects of fabrication process and coating of reinforcements on the microstructure and wear performance of Stellite alloy composites, Materials Science and Engineering A, 391, 313–324, 2005.