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Potential Effects of Propolis Against Coronaviruses

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 303 - 311, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855012

Öz

Throughout human history, many diseases are caused by viruses. Researchers are working on vaccines against viruses and these vaccines are widely used as protective material. Due to virus dynamics, new variants emerge as a result of mutations in different types of hosts from time to time. These variants can threaten human life by bypassing the unprepared immune system of the infected individual. Fortunately, our body has an immune system that can renew itself and works flawlessly against these viruses. The newly formed variant, which is not limited to the known, can also generate immunity against the genetic structure of the virus. In defense against viral infections, the limited effects of antivirals, the time-consuming need for vaccine production to be provided to the infected, and applications that strengthen the immune system come to the fore. In this context, if our immune system is supported and stimulated with natural, functional products such as propolis, it will be able to fight viruses more effectively. Propolis shows that it is a remarkable product in the fight against viruses with its modulations in the immune system against the SARS CoV-2 epidemic that swept the world, its PAK-1 blocker effect, early and higher immunity stimulation, increased antibody titers, and immunomodulatory effects such as prolonging the duration of immune protection. From this point of view, in this review article, we discussed the effects of propolis, known as a bee product that activates the immune system and facilitates the functioning of the immune system, against coronaviruses.

Kaynakça

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  • Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai ACK, Zhou J, et al. Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses [Internet]. Vol. 24, Trends in Microbiology. Elsevier Ltd; 2016 [cited 2020 Jul 7]. p. 490–502. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7125511/?report=abstract
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb 20 [cited 2020 Jul 6];382(8):727–33. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7092803/?report=abstract
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Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 303 - 311, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855012

Öz

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca birçok hastalık virüs kaynaklı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Araştırmacılar virüslere karşı aşı çalışması yapmakta ve koruyucu materyal olarak bu aşılar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Virüs, dinamiği gereği farklı tür konaklarda zaman zaman mutasyona uğramaları sonucu yeni varyantlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu varyantlar enfekte ettiği bireyin hazırlıksız olan bağışıklık sistemini atlatarak insan hayatını tehdit eder duruma gelebilmektedir. Neyse ki bu virüslere karşı, vücudumuzda kendini yenileyebilme özelliği olan ve kusursuz çalışan bir immün sistem vardır ki sadece bilinenle sınırlı kalmayan, yeni oluşan varyant virüsün genetik yapısına karşı da bağışıklık üretebilmektedir. Viral enfeksiyonlara karşı savunmada, antivirallerin sınırlı etkileri, aşı üretiminin enfekte olanlara sağlanmasının zaman alması, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirici uygulamaları ön plana çıkartmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bağışıklık sistemimiz, propolis gibi doğal, fonksiyonel ürünler ile desteklenir ve uyarılırsa virüslere karşı daha etkili bir savaş verebilecektir. Propolis, Dünyayı saran SARS CoV-2 salgınına karşı immün sistemde yaptığı modülasyonlarla, PAK-1 bloker etkisi, erken ve daha yüksek bağışıklığın uyarılması, antikor titrelerinin yükseltilmesi, bağışıklık koruma süresinin uzatılması gibi immünmodülatör etkilere sahip olması ile virüslerle mücadelede dikkat çekici bir ürün olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu derleme makalesinde bağışıklık sistemini harekete geçiren ve bağışıklık sisteminin çalışmasını kolaylaştıran bir arı ürünü olarak bilinen propolisin kullanımında koronavirüslere karşı etkilerinin neler olabileceğini tartıştık.

Kaynakça

  • Li C, Zhao C, Bao J, Tang B, Wang Y, Gu B. Laboratory Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Clin Chim Acta [Internet]. 2020 Jul [cited 2020 Jul 6]; Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0009898120303090
  • Masters PS. Coronavirus genomic RNA packaging. Vol. 537, Virology. Academic Press Inc.; 2019. p. 198–207.
  • Cui J, Li F, Shi ZL. Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses [Internet]. Vol. 17, Nature Reviews Microbiology. Nature Publishing Group; 2019 [cited 2020 Jul 6]. p. 181–92. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7097006/?report=abstract
  • Zhong NS, Zheng BJ, Li YM, Poon LLM, Xie ZH, Chan KH, et al. Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People’s Republic of China, in February, 2003. Lancet [Internet]. 2003 Oct 25 [cited 2020 Jul 6];362(9393):1353–8. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7112415/?report=abstract
  • Zaki AM, Van Boheemen S, Bestebroer TM, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM. Isolation of a novel coronavirus from a man with pneumonia in Saudi Arabia. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2012 Nov 8 [cited 2020 Jul 6];367(19):1814–20. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23075143/
  • De Wit E, Van Doremalen N, Falzarano D, Munster VJ. SARS and MERS: Recent insights into emerging coronaviruses [Internet]. Vol. 14, Nature Reviews Microbiology. Nature Publishing Group; 2016 [cited 2020 Jul 7]. p. 523–34. Available from: www.nature.com/nrmicro
  • Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai ACK, Zhou J, et al. Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses [Internet]. Vol. 24, Trends in Microbiology. Elsevier Ltd; 2016 [cited 2020 Jul 7]. p. 490–502. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7125511/?report=abstract
  • Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 Feb 20 [cited 2020 Jul 6];382(8):727–33. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7092803/?report=abstract
  • Docea AO, Tsatsakis A, Albulescu D, Cristea O, Zlatian O, Vinceti M, et al. A new threat from an old enemy: Re-emergence of coronavirus (Review) [Internet]. Vol. 45, International Journal of Molecular Medicine. Spandidos Publications; 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 9]. p. 1631–43. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32236624/
  • Madabhavi I, Sarkar M, Kadakol N. CoviD-19: A review [Internet]. Vol. 90, Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease. PAGEPress Publications; 2020 [cited 2020 Jul 7]. p. 248–58. Available from: https://www.monaldi archives.org/index.php/macd/article/view/1298
  • Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 Feb 15 [cited 2020 Jul 7];395(10223):507–13. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC7135076/?report=abstract
  • Huleihel M, Ishano V. Effect of propolis extract on malignant cell transformation by Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Arch Virol [Internet]. 2001 [cited 2020 Jul 13];146(8):1517–26. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11676414/
  • Gekker G, Hu S, Spivak M, Lokensgard JR, Peterson PK. Anti-HIV-1 activity of propolis in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cell cultures. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14;102(2):158–63.
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  • Ryu YB, Jeong HJ, Kim JH, Kim YM, Park JY, Kim D, et al. Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibition. Bioorganic Med Chem [Internet]. 2010 Nov 15 [cited 2020 Jul 21];18(22):7940–7. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20934345/
  • Coskun I, Duymaz GM, Dastan T, Sonmezer OE, Acar S, et al. The Characterization and Bioactive Composition of Turkish Propolis [Internet]. Vol. 1, Journal of Apitherapy and Nature/Apiterapi ve Doğa Dergisi. 2018 Dec [cited 2020 Jul 21]. Available from: www.dergipark.gov.tr/jan
  • Gao W, Wu J, Wei J, Pu L, Guo C, Yang J, et al. Brazilian green propolis improves immune function in aged mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Jul 14];55(1):7–10. Available from: http://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JST.JSTAGE/jcbn/13-70?lang=en&from=CrossRef&type=abstract
  • Bachiega TF, Orsatti CL, Pagliarone AC, Sforcin JM. The effects of propolis and its isolated compounds on cytokine production by murine macrophages. Phyther Res [Internet]. 2012 Sep [cited 2020 Jul 13];26(9):1308–13. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22275284/
  • Conti BJ, Santiago KB, Cardoso EO, Freire PP, Carvalho RF, Golim MA, et al. Propolis modulates miRNAs involved in TLR-4 pathway, NF-κB activation, cytokine production and in the bactericidal activity of human dendritic cells. J Pharm Pharmacol [Internet]. 2016 Dec 1 [cited 2020 Jul 14];68(12):1604–12. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jphp.12628
  • Ivanovska N, Neychev H, Stefanova Z, Bankova V, Popov S. Influence of cinnamic acid on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine release and Klebsiella infection in mice. Apidologie [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2020 Jul 17];26(2):73–81. Available from: http://www.apidologie.org/10.1051/apido:19950201
  • Da Silva SS, Thomé GDS, Cataneo AHD, Miranda MM, Felipe I, Andrade CGTDJ, et al. Brazilian propolis antileishmanial and immunomodulatory effects. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013.
  • Sá-Nunes A, Faccioli LH, Sforcin JM. Propolis: Lymphocyte proliferation and IFN-γ production. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Jul 1;87(1):93–7.
  • Orsatti CL, Missima F, Pagliarone AC, Bachiega TF, BÃofalo MC, AraÃojo JP, et al. Propolis immunomodulatory action in vivo on Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 expression and on pro-inflammatory cytokines production in mice. Phyther Res [Internet]. 2009 Aug 1 [cited 2020 Jul 13];24(8):n/a-n/a. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ptr.3086
  • Wang LC, Lin YL, Liang YC, Yang YH, Lee JH, Yu HH, et al. The effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on the functions of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. BMC Immunol [Internet]. 2009 Jul 16 [cited 2020 Jul 16];10:39. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC2724478/?report=abstract
  • Murad JM, Calvi SA, Soares AMVC, Bankova V, Sforcin JM. Effects of propolis from Brazil and Bulgaria on fungicidal activity of macrophages against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(3):331–4.
  • SFORCIN JM, KANENO R, FUNARI SRC. ABSENCE OF SEASONAL EFFECT ON THE IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTION OF BRAZILIAN PROPOLIS ON NATURAL KILLER ACTIVITY. J Venom Anim Toxins [Internet]. 2002 [cited 2020 Jul 13];8(1):19–29. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302002000100003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
  • Fischer G, Conceição FR, Leite FPL, Dummer LA, Vargas GDA, Hübner S de O, et al. Immunomodulation produced by a green propolis extract on humoral and cellular responses of mice immunized with SuHV-1. Vaccine. 2007 Jan 26;25(7):1250–6.
  • Shen Z, Medicine YY. Propolis, a new adjuvant. Chinese J Prev Vet Med. 1989;5:55–7.
  • Chu WH. Adjuvant effect of propolis on immunisation by inactivated Aeromonas hydrophila in carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006 Jul 1;21(1):113–7.
  • Sforcin JM, Orsi RO, Bankova V. Effect of propolis, some isolated compounds and its source plant on antibody production. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Apr 26;98(3):301–5.
  • Park JH, Lee JK, Kim HS, Chung ST, Eom JH, Kim KA, et al. Immunomodulatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in Balb/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2004 Mar 1;4(3):429–36.
  • Márquez N, Sancho R, Macho A, Calzado MA, Fiebich BL, Muñoz E. Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Inhibits T-Cell Activation by Targeting Both Nuclear Factor of Activated T-Cells and NF-κB Transcription Factors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther [Internet]. 2004 Mar 1 [cited 2020 Jul 17];308(3):993–1001. Available from: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/308/3/993
  • Okamoto Y, Hara T, Ebato T, Fukui T, Masuzawa T. Brazilian propolis ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice by inhibiting Th1 differentiation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013 Jun 1;16(2):178–83.
  • Missima F, Sforcin JM. Green Brazilian propolis action on macrophages and lymphoid organs of chronically stressed mice. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med. 2008;5(1):71–5.
  • Búfalo MC, Bordon-Graciani AP, Conti BJ, de Assis Golim M, Sforcin JM. The immunomodulatory effect of propolis on receptors expression, cytokine production and fungicidal activity of human monocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol [Internet]. 2014 Oct 1 [cited 2020 Jul 21];66(10):1497–504. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jphp.12279
  • Sforcin J. The effect of propolis on pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by melanoma-bearing mice submitted to chronic stress. J ApiProduct ApiMedical Sci. 2009;1(1):11–5.
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  • ORSI RO, FUNARI SRC, SOARES AMVC, CALVI SA, OLIVEIRA SL, SFORCIN JM, et al. Immunomodulatory action of propolis on macrophage activation. J Venom Anim Toxins [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2020 Jul 23];6(2):205–19. Available from: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-79302000000200006&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
  • Syamsudin, Dewi RM. Immunomodulatory and In vivo Antiplasmodial Activities of Propolis Extracts Research and Development Center for Pharmacy and Biomedicine , Jakarta , Jl Percetakan Negara , Jakarta , Indonesia Department of Pathology , Faculty of Medicine , University of I. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;4(3):75–9.
  • Girgin G, Baydar T, Ledochowski M, Schennach H, Bolukbasi DN, Sorkun K, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of Turkish propolis: Changes in neopterin release and tryptophan degradation. Immunobiology. 2009 Feb 1;214(2):129–34.
  • Ding S, Jiang H, Fang J. Regulation of Immune Function by Polyphenols. J Immunol Res [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2020 Jul 8];2018. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC5925142/?report=abstract
  • del Cornò M, Scazzocchio B, Masella R, Gessani S. Regulation of Dendritic Cell Function by Dietary Polyphenols. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2016 Apr 3 [cited 2020 Jul 8];56(5):737–47. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24941314/
  • Propolis: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Dosage, and Warning [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 27]. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-390/propolis
  • The Use of Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF) in Patients Affected by COVID-19. - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov [Internet]. [cited 2020 Jul 27]. Available from: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT04480593#moreinfo
  • Pobiega K, Kraśniewska K, Gniewosz M. Application of propolis in antimicrobial and antioxidative protection of food quality – A review. Vol. 83, Trends in Food Science and Technology. Elsevier Ltd; 2019. p. 53–62.
  • Gao W, Wu J, Wei J, Pu L, Guo C, Yang J, et al. Brazilian green propolis improves immune function in aged mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 Jul 14];55(1):7–10. Available from: http://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JST.JSTAGE/jcbn/13-70?lang=en&from=CrossRef&type=abstract
Toplam 71 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Enes Kaya 0000-0003-3973-168X

Ebubekir İzol 0000-0003-0788-4999

Metin Gürçay 0000-0001-9160-7454

Halil Şimşek 0000-0002-9637-1265

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, E., İzol, E., Gürçay, M., Şimşek, H. (2021). Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 10(2), 303-311. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855012
AMA Kaya E, İzol E, Gürçay M, Şimşek H. Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri. TDFD. Aralık 2021;10(2):303-311. doi:10.46810/tdfd.855012
Chicago Kaya, Enes, Ebubekir İzol, Metin Gürçay, ve Halil Şimşek. “Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 303-11. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855012.
EndNote Kaya E, İzol E, Gürçay M, Şimşek H (01 Aralık 2021) Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 10 2 303–311.
IEEE E. Kaya, E. İzol, M. Gürçay, ve H. Şimşek, “Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri”, TDFD, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 303–311, 2021, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.855012.
ISNAD Kaya, Enes vd. “Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 10/2 (Aralık 2021), 303-311. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.855012.
JAMA Kaya E, İzol E, Gürçay M, Şimşek H. Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri. TDFD. 2021;10:303–311.
MLA Kaya, Enes vd. “Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 303-11, doi:10.46810/tdfd.855012.
Vancouver Kaya E, İzol E, Gürçay M, Şimşek H. Propolisin Koronavirüslere Karşı Potansiyel Etkileri. TDFD. 2021;10(2):303-11.