Murat Nehri'ndeki Bazı Sazan Balıklarının Monogenean Parazitleri: Tür Kompozisyonu, Mevsimsel Değişimler ve Konak Tercihleri

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2017–2019 yılları arasında Murat Nehri’nin Bingöl ili sınırlarında yaşayan dört cyprinid balık türünde (Capoeta umbla, Cyprinion macrostomum, Chondrostoma regium ve Squalius cephalus) monojen parazitlerin tür çeşitliliğini, konak ilişkilerini ve mevsimsel dağılımlarını araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Toplam 365 balık örneği incelenmiş ve altı Dactylogyrus, iki Dogielius ve üç Gyrodactylus türü olmak üzere 11 monojen türü tespit edilmiştir. Genel enfeksiyon prevalansı %71,0 olup, enfekte birey başına ortalama parazit yoğunluğu 29,9 ± 36,9 olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek enfeksiyon oranı ve parazit yoğunluğu C. umbla’da gözlenmiştir. Kruskal-Wallis testi, parazit yükünün balık türleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur (p < 0,001). Mevsimsel olarak, enfeksiyon düzeylerinin ilkbahar ve kış aylarında daha yüksek olduğu, yaz aylarında ise azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Su sıcaklığı, çözünmüş oksijen ve pH gibi çevresel parametreler mevsimsel değişim göstermesine karşın, bu faktörler ile toplam parazit yükü arasında anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmamıştır. Bulgular, monojen enfestasyonlarının esas olarak konak türüne bağlı biyolojik özelliklerden etkilendiğini ve Murat Nehri’nde yaşayan monojen türlerinin çevresel değişkenliklere karşı geniş bir toleransa sahip olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Monogenea
• Cyprinid balıklar
• Parazit faunası
• Mevsimsel dağılım
• Konak özgünlüğü

Monogenean Parasites of Some Cyprinid Fish in Murat River: Species Composition, Seasonal Variations, and Host Preferences

Abstract

This study investigates the species diversity, host associations, and seasonal distribution of monogenean parasites in four cyprinid fish species—Capoeta umbla, Cyprinion macrostomum, Chondrostoma regium, and Squalius cephalus—inhabiting the Murat River in Bingöl Province, Türkiye, between 2017 and 2019. A total of 365 specimens were examined, revealing 11 monogenean species, comprising six Dactylogyrus, two Dogielius, and three Gyrodactylus species. The overall infection prevalence was 71.0%, with a mean intensity of 29.9 ± 36.9 parasites per infected host. C. umbla exhibited the highest infection prevalence and parasite load among the studied hosts. Statistical analyses (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001) indicated significant variation in parasite burden among host species. Seasonally, parasite intensity was highest in spring and winter, with a noticeable decline during summer. Although abiotic factors such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH showed seasonal fluctuations, no significant correlations were found between these parameters and overall parasite burden. The results suggest that monogenean infestations are primarily shaped by host-related biological factors and that the parasite species inhabiting the Murat River exhibit a broad ecological tolerance to environmental variation.

Keywords

• Monogenea
• Cyprinid fishes
• Parasite fauna
• Seasonal distribution
• Host specificity

Kaynakça

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