Türkiye’de Marmara Bölgesi’nde tıp fakültesi öğrencisi olmak: Afet tıbbı nedir?

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Doğal ve insan kaynaklı tehlikelerdeki küresel artış—iklim değişikliğinin de şiddetlendirmesi ile—ulusal afet azaltma ve müdahale kapasitelerinin güçlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika’nın kesişim noktasında yer alan Türkiye; depremler, orman yangınları ve seller açısından yüksek risk altındadır. Afet tıbbı, sağlık altyapısının yetersiz olduğu olağanüstü koşullarda sağlık hizmeti sunumunu ele alır. Ancak ülkede afet tıbbı, tıp müfredatına resmî olarak entegre edilmemiştir ve tıp fakültelerinde lisans düzeyinde yapılandırılmış bir afet tıbbı eğitimi sunulmamaktadır. Bu çalışma, tıp öğrencilerinin afetlere yönelik farkındalık ve hazırlık düzeylerini incelemekte, afet tıbbı alanındaki bilgi eksikliklerini belirlemekte ve öğrencilerin eğitim ve gönüllülük yoluyla afet müdahalesine katkı sağlama isteğini değerlendirmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipteki çalışma, 2024–2025 akademik yılında İstanbul, Marmara Üniversitesi’nde birinci ve altıncı sınıf tıp fakültesi öğrencileri arasında yürütülmüştür. Veriler Nisan–Haziran 2025 tarihleri arasında; sosyo-demografik özellikler, konut koşulları, kişisel ve ailevi afet deneyimleri, afetle ilgili terminolojiye aşinalık, Deprem Korkusu Ölçeği ve depreme hazırlık durumu, afet tıbbı eğitimi alma ilgisi ve gönüllülük isteğini içeren 21 maddelik çevrim içi bir anket yolu ile toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 193 öğrenci (%41.4 yanıt oranı) ankete katılmış olup, katılımcıların çoğunluğu (%67.3) kadındı. Çoğu öğrencinin veya ailesinin, özellikle deprem olmak üzere, afet deneyimi vardı. Altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin %72.3’ü triyaj tanımını doğru olarak belirledi. Deprem Korkusu puanları kadınlarda daha yüksekti. Öğrencilerin çoğunun acil durum çantası (%76.4) veya eylem planı (%72) bulunmamaktaydı. Birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin afet tatbikatına katılım oranı daha yüksekti. Genel olarak, öğrencilerin %84.4’ü afet tıbbı eğitimi almak istediğini belirtmiş olup, simülasyon ve oyunlaştırma yöntemlerini tercih etti. Afet gönüllüsü olma istekliliği %54.4’tü ve bu oran eğitim almak isteyenlerde anlamlı şekilde daha yüksekti. Sonuç: Afet tıbbının tıp eğitimine entegrasyonu, geleceğin sağlık profesyonellerini hazırlamak ve tıp öğrencilerini afet müdahalesine dâhil etmek için giderek daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Böylece Türkiye gibi afet açısından yüksek riskli bölgelerde, afetlere hazırlık ve afet dirençliliği güçlendirilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• afet tıbbı
• tıp öğrencileri
• afet gönüllüleri
• deprem
• Türkiye.

Being a medical student in the Marmara Region, Türkiye: What is disaster medicine?

Öz

Background and aim: The global increase in natural and human-made hazards—exacerbated by climate change—calls for strengthened national disaster mitigation and response capacities. Türkiye, located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes, wildfires, and floods. Disaster medicine addresses healthcare delivery under extraordinary conditions where health infrastructure is insufficient. However, in the country, disaster medicine is not formally integrated into medical curriculum and medical faculties do not offer structured disaster medicine education at the undergraduate level. This study explores medical students’ awareness and preparedness for disasters, identifies gaps in disaster medicine knowledge, and evaluates their willingness to engage in disaster response through education and volunteering. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among first- and sixth-year medical students at Marmara University, Istanbul, during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were collected between April and June 2025 using a 21-item online questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics, housing conditions, personal and familial disaster experiences, familiarity with disaster-related terminology, the Fear of Earthquake Scale and earthquake preparedness situation, interest in disaster medicine education, and willingness to volunteer. Results: In total, 193 students responded (41.4% response rate), with a majority being female (67.3%). Most had personal or familial experience with disasters, especially earthquakes. Among sixth-year students, 72.3% correctly identified the definition of triage. The Fear of Earthquake Scores were higher among women. Most students lacked an emergency kit (76.4%) or an action plan (72%). More first-year students had participated in drills. Overall, 84.4% expressed interest in disaster medicine training, favouring simulation and gamification methods. Willingness to join a disaster volunteer project was 54.4%, and was notably higher among those interested in training. Conclusion: Integrating disaster medicine into medical education is increasingly recognized as vital to prepare future healthcare professionals and engage medical students in disaster response, thereby enhancing disaster preparedness and resilience in high-risk regions like Türkiye.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• disaster medicine
• medical students
• disaster volunteers
• earthquake
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

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