WELL-BEING IN ACADEMIC LIFE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, TERMINOLOGY, AND ITS STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE FOR MEDICAL EDUCATION

Öz

Objective: Increasing levels of burnout, chronic stress, and psychological distress in academic environments have made well-being an important topic of discussion in medical education. However, the lack of conceptual consensus regarding well-being has led to the interchangeable use of theoretically distinct constructs such as well-being and wellness (and, in Turkish, to the use of multiple terms such as “iyilik hali,” “iyi oluş,” and “refah” to translate well-being), complicating the establishment of a unified terminology. The aim of this review is to examine the concept of well-being in academic life within the context of medical education, to provide conceptual clarity regarding related terminology, and to discuss its strategic importance in terms of educational quality, patient safety, and institutional sustainability. Methods: This study was conducted as a classical review. Relevant literature was examined to synthesize the main theoretical approaches, conceptual distinctions, measurement perspectives, and reflections of well-being in academic life within an integrated framework. Results: The literature indicates that well-being in academic life cannot be explained solely as the absence of burnout, but should be understood as a multidimensional and dynamic construct. This multidimensionality is explained by the fact that well-being includes both hedonic (subjective well-being, life satisfaction) and eudaimonic (meaning, purpose, development) dimensions. In the literature, well-being is often assessed not as a holistic construct itself, but through related dimensions such as burnout, stress, depression, or life satisfaction. This contributes to heterogeneity in measurement approaches and limits the comparability of findings across studies. In addition, the lack of clearly defined conceptual frameworks in many studies complicates the interpretation of results. Together, these findings suggest that well-being in academic settings should be understood not merely as an individual condition, but as a multidimensional construct shaped by the interaction of structural factors such as workload, leadership, learning environment, and institutional culture. Conclusion: Academic well-being is a complex concept that goes beyond individual functioning and has a direct impact on professional development, institutional sustainability, and educational quality. Therefore, developing holistic approaches that incorporate both individual and institutional components, consistent and standardized usage of terminology, and better conceptual frameworks are all necessary to improve well-being.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• well-being
• medical education
• academic life
• student well-being
• faculty well-being

AKADEMİK YAŞAMDA İYİLİK HALİ: KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVE, TERMİNOLOJİ VE TIP EĞİTİMİ AÇISINDAN STRATEJİK ÖNEMİ

Öz

Amaç: Akademik ortamlarda artan tükenmişlik, kronik stres ve psikolojik zorlanma düzeyleri, iyilik halini tıp eğitiminde önemli bir tartışma konusu haline getirmiştir. Ancak iyilik hali kavramına ilişkin kavramsal uzlaşı eksikliği, well-being ve wellness gibi kuramsal olarak farklı kavramların birbirinin yerine kullanılmasına (ve Türkçede well-being karşılığı olarak “iyilik hali”, “iyi oluş” ve “refah” gibi farklı terimlerin kullanılmasına) yol açarak ortak bir terminolojinin oluşturulmasını güçleştirmiştir. Bu derlemenin amacı, akademik yaşamda iyilik hali kavramını tıp eğitimi bağlamında ele almak, ilişkili terminolojiye açıklık kazandırmak ve bu kavramın eğitim kalitesi, hasta güvenliği ve kurumsal sürdürülebilirlik açısından stratejik önemini tartışmaktır. Yöntem: Bu çalışma geleneksel derleme yöntemiyle hazırlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda ilgili literatür incelenerek iyilik hali kavramına ilişkin temel kuramsal yaklaşımlar, kavramsal ayrımlar, ölçüm yaklaşımları ve akademik yaşam bağlamındaki yansımalar bütüncül bir çerçevede değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Literatür, akademik yaşamda iyilik halinin yalnızca tükenmişliğin yokluğu ile açıklanamayacağını, çok boyutlu ve dinamik bir yapı olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çok boyutluluk, iyilik halinin hem hedonik (öznel iyi oluş, yaşam doyumu) hem de eudaimonik (anlam, amaç, gelişim) boyutları birlikte içermesiyle açıklanmaktadır. Çalışmalarda iyilik hali çoğunlukla doğrudan bütüncül bir yapı olarak değil; tükenmişlik, stres, depresyon veya yaşam doyumu gibi alt boyutlar üzerinden değerlendirilmektedir. Bu durum ölçüm araçlarında heterojenliğe yol açarak bulguların karşılaştırılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Ayrıca birçok çalışmada kavramsal çerçevenin açık şekilde tanımlanmamış olması, sonuçların yorumlanmasını sınırlamaktadır. Bu tablo, akademik yaşamda iyilik halinin yalnızca bireysel bir durum olarak değil; iş yükü, liderlik, öğrenme ortamı ve kurumsal kültür gibi yapısal faktörlerin etkileşimiyle şekillenen çok boyutlu bir yapı olarak ele alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç: Akademik yaşamda iyilik hali, yalnızca bireysel iyi oluşu değil; eğitim kalitesini, mesleki gelişimi ve kurumsal sürdürülebilirliği doğrudan etkileyen çok boyutlu bir kavramdır. Bu nedenle, iyilik halinin ele alınmasında kavramsal çerçevenin netleştirilmesi, terminolojinin daha tutarlı kullanılması ve bireysel ile kurumsal düzeyleri birlikte kapsayan bütüncül yaklaşımların geliştirilmesi önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : iyilik hali
• well-being
• tıp eğitimi
• akademik yaşam
• öğrenci iyilik hali
• öğretim üyesi iyilik hali

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