Eugenio Barba and Extra-Daily Scenic Behaviour: Influences of Stanislavski, Meyerhold and Grotowski

Öz

Three directors who influenced 20th century theatre, Konstantin Stanislavski, Vsevolod Meyerhold and Jerzy Grotowski, and they each conducted comprehensive studies on the position of acting through theatrical aesthetic. In order to realize this theatrical aesthetic, these directors emphasized the need for actors to practice systematic exercises and develop particular scenic behaviour, which is different from daily behaviour. Their work has paved the way for various theoretical studies on acting. The actor who is going to act within a reality that fictionalized on stage, no matter the strength of its relationship with daily reality, has to leave the automatized daily behaviour behind and develop a technique that is built upon the necessities of the stage context. In this article, the basis of the extra-daily scenic behaviour of actors in the Odin Theatre is dealt with in the light of approaches of directors who strongly affected the theatre approach that developed through the 20th century: namely Stanislavski, Meyerhold and Grotowski.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eugenio Barba
• Konstantin Stanislavski
• Vsevolod Meyerhold
• Jerzy Grotowski
• Extra-daily technique

Eugenio Barba ve Gündelik-Dışı Sahne Davranışı: Stanislavski, Meyerhold ve Grotowski Etkileri

Öz

20. yüzyıl tiyatro düşüncesini etkileyen Konstantin Stanislavski, Vsevolod Meyerhold ve Jerzy Grotowski, oyunculuk sanatının teatral estetik içindeki yeri üzerine kapsamlı çalışmalar yürütmüşlerdir. Bu tiyatro insanları, oyuncuların, hedefledikleri teatral estetiği hayata geçirebilmek için sistematik egzersizler yapmaları ve sahne üzerinde gündelik hayattakinden farklı bir davranış biçimi geliştirmeleri gerektiğine vurgu yapmışlardır. Yaptıkları çalışmalarla, oyunculuğa dair kuramsal çalışmaların önü açılmıştır. Sahne üzerinde kurgulanan bir gösterimin içinde hareket edecek oyuncunun, sahne gerçekliğinin gündelik gerçeklikle ilişkisi ne boyutta olursa olsun, gündelik yaşamda sergilediği otomatikleşmiş davranış biçimini bir kenara bırakması, sahne üzerindeki bağlamın gerekleri çerçevesinde şekillenmiş bir teknik geliştirmesi gerekmektedir. Bu makalede Odin Tiyatrosu oyuncularının gündelik-dışı sahne davranışının temelleri, çalışmaları 20. yüzyıl tiyatrosuna yön veren Konstantin Stanislavski, Vsevolod Meyerhold ve Jerzy Grotowski’nin yaklaşımları ışığında ortaya konmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eugenio Barba
• Konstantin Stanislavski
• Vsevolod Meyerhold
• Jerzy Grotowski
• Gündelik-dışı teknik

Kaynakça

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