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A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 39, 33 - 44, 31.12.2024

Öz

From its inception, drama in Iran and Türkiye has not only relied on diegetic methods of narrating, but has also integrated music as an essential component. Following exposure to Western drama through translations and adaptations, writers in these two countries began exploring innovative approaches. Thisshift led to the development of new creative fields, including opera and operetta composition. The earliest examples of this shift are The Resurrection of Iranian Kings by Mirza¯deh ‘Eshqi (1915) and The Shepherds of Kenan by Halide Edib-Adıvar (1916). This comparative study examines these two early operas to determine their positions within the realm of diegesis and mimesis. By analyzing their narratives through the lenses of plot, characterization, and spatial-temporal elements, the study reveals that while these works maintain connections to their diegetic predecessors, their narrative discourse structures exhibit distinct differences.

Kaynakça

  • Akı, Niyazi. Türk Tiyatro Edebiyatı Tarihi I: Başlangıçtan Cumhuriyet Devrine Kadar. İstanbul: Dergâh, 1989. google scholar
  • And, Metin. Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosu: Kukla, Karagöz, Ortaoyunu. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1969. google scholar
  • Tanzimat ve İstibdat Döneminde Türk Tiyatrosu 1839-1908. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1972. google scholar
  • Aristotle. Poetics. Translated by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company, 1964. google scholar
  • Azhand, Ya’ghub. Namayesh dar Doreh-ye Qajar. Tehran: Mola, 2016. google scholar
  • Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, 4th Edition. Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2017. google scholar
  • Beyza’i, Bahram. Namayesh dar Iran. 6th Edition. Tehran: Roshangaran and Women Studies Pub, 2008. google scholar
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1978. google scholar
  • ——Coming to Terms: The Rhetoric of Narrative in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990. google scholar
  • Edib, Halide. Kenan Çobanları: Opera (Three Acts). no place: Matbaa-yi Orhaniye, 1916. google scholar
  • Edib-Adıvar, Halide. Kenan Çobanları, Maske ve Ruh, 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Atlas Kitabevi, 1991. google scholar
  • Ersan, Müge. “Türkiye Tiyatro Yazınında Anlatıya Yönelim”. Yüksesk Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2019. google scholar
  • Fanâ’iyân, Tajbakhsh. Honar-e Namayesh dar Iran (ta sal-e 1357/1979). Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 2007. google scholar
  • Fludernik, Monika. Towards a Natural Narratology. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. google scholar
  • ——“Genres, Text Types, or Discourse Modes? Narrative Modalities and Generic Categorization”, Style, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2000): 274-292. google scholar
  • —— An Introduction to Narratology. Translated by Patricia Hausler-Greenfield and Monika Fludernik. Routledge: London and New York, 2009. google scholar
  • —— Mediacy, Mediation, and Focalization: The Squaring of Terminological Circles”, Jan Alber and Monika Fludernik, Postclassical Narratology: Approaches and Analyses. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2010. google scholar
  • Genette, Gerard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, trans Jane E. Lewin. New York: Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • —— The Architext: An Introduction. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Berkeley. Los Angeles and Oxford: University of California Press, 1992. google scholar
  • Jannati-'Atayi, Abolghasem. Bonyad-e Namayesh dar Iran. Tehran: Ibn-Sina Bookstore Publication, 1954. google scholar
  • de Jong, Irene J. F. Narrators and Focalizers: The Presentation of the Story in the Iliad, (2nd Edition). Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Company, 1989. google scholar
  • Kudret, Cevdet. Ortaoyunu. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1973. google scholar
  • —— Karagöz. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2004. google scholar
  • Lubbock, Percy. The Craft of Fiction. London: Jonathan Cape, 1957. google scholar
  • Malekpour, Jamshid. Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Nokhostin Kooshesh-ha ta Doreh-ye Qajar. 1st Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 1984. google scholar
  • ----Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Melli-Garâ’i dar Namayesh (Doreh-ye Reza Shah Pahlavi). 3rd Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 2006 google scholar
  • Maneshi, Saghar. “A Comparative Narratological Analysis of the Dramatic Literature in Iran and Turkey (1900-1940)”. PhD Dissertation. Tehran: University of Tehran, 2024. google scholar
  • Mohebbi, Parastoo, Mohammad Bagher Ghahramani, and Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari. “Development of Iranian Performance from a Diegetic World”. Journal of Fine Arts: Performing Arts and Music, Vol. 21, No. 2. 2016: 15-24. google scholar
  • Mohebbi, Parastoo. Revayatshenasi-ye Dram. Tehran: Jame Zarrin, 2019. google scholar
  • Moshirsalimi, ‘Ali-Akbar. Kolliyyat-e Mosavvar-e Mirzadeh ‘Eshqi. 8th Edition. Tehran: Amirkabir, 1979. google scholar
  • Nutku, Özdemir. Meddahlık ve Meddah Hikayeleri. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1978. google scholar
  • —— Dünya Tiyatrosu Tarihi: Başlangıçtan 19. Yüzyıla Kadar, Cilt 1. Ankara: Remzi Kitabevi, 1985. google scholar
  • Pfister, Manfred. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Translated by Mehdi Nasrollahzadeh. Tehran: Minooye Kherad, 2008. google scholar
  • Plato. The Republic. Translated by Mohammadhassan Lotfi. Tehran: Khoosheh, 1974). google scholar
  • Potolsky, Matthew. Mimesis. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. google scholar
  • Puchner, Martin. Stage Fright: Modernism, Anti-Theatricality, and Drama. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. google scholar
  • Prince, Gerald. Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative. Berlin, New York and Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1982. google scholar
  • Richardson, Brian. “Point of View in Drama: Diegetic Monologue, Unreliable Narrators, and the Author’s Voice on Stage”, Comparative Drama, Vol. 22, No. 3. 1988: 193-214. google scholar
  • —— “Voice and Narration in Postmodern Drama”, New Literary History, Vol. 32, No. 3. 2001: 681-694. google scholar
  • Ryan, Marie-Laure. “The Modes of Narrativity and Their Visual Metaphors”, Style, Vol. 26, No. 3. 1992: 368-387. google scholar
  • Sattari, Jalal. Zamine-ye Ejtemai-ye Ta’zıyeh va Theatre dar Iran. Tehran: Markaz, 2008. google scholar
  • Sevengil, Refik Ahmet. Türk Tiyatrosu Tarihi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2015. google scholar
  • Schmid, Wolf. Narratology: An Introduction. Translated by Alexander Starritt. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010. google scholar
  • Scholes, Robert and James Phelan and Robert Kellogg. The Nature of Narrative. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Shahidi, ‘Enayatollah. Pazhooheshi dar Ta’zıyeh va Ta’ziyeh-khâni. Tehran: Cultural Reasrach Office, 2001. google scholar
  • Shıijian, Farideh. Jaygah-e Namayesh-e Sonnatı dar Theatre-e Iran. Tehran: An, 2001. google scholar
Yıl 2024, Sayı: 39, 33 - 44, 31.12.2024

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Akı, Niyazi. Türk Tiyatro Edebiyatı Tarihi I: Başlangıçtan Cumhuriyet Devrine Kadar. İstanbul: Dergâh, 1989. google scholar
  • And, Metin. Geleneksel Türk Tiyatrosu: Kukla, Karagöz, Ortaoyunu. Ankara: Bilgi Yayınevi, 1969. google scholar
  • Tanzimat ve İstibdat Döneminde Türk Tiyatrosu 1839-1908. Ankara: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1972. google scholar
  • Aristotle. Poetics. Translated by Abdolhossein Zarrinkoob. Tehran: Book Translation and Publishing Company, 1964. google scholar
  • Azhand, Ya’ghub. Namayesh dar Doreh-ye Qajar. Tehran: Mola, 2016. google scholar
  • Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative, 4th Edition. Toronto, Buffalo and London: University of Toronto Press, 2017. google scholar
  • Beyza’i, Bahram. Namayesh dar Iran. 6th Edition. Tehran: Roshangaran and Women Studies Pub, 2008. google scholar
  • Chatman, Seymour. Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1978. google scholar
  • ——Coming to Terms: The Rhetoric of Narrative in Fiction and Film. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990. google scholar
  • Edib, Halide. Kenan Çobanları: Opera (Three Acts). no place: Matbaa-yi Orhaniye, 1916. google scholar
  • Edib-Adıvar, Halide. Kenan Çobanları, Maske ve Ruh, 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Atlas Kitabevi, 1991. google scholar
  • Ersan, Müge. “Türkiye Tiyatro Yazınında Anlatıya Yönelim”. Yüksesk Lisans Tezi. İstanbul: Kadir Has Üniversitesi, 2019. google scholar
  • Fanâ’iyân, Tajbakhsh. Honar-e Namayesh dar Iran (ta sal-e 1357/1979). Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 2007. google scholar
  • Fludernik, Monika. Towards a Natural Narratology. London and New York: Routledge, 1996. google scholar
  • ——“Genres, Text Types, or Discourse Modes? Narrative Modalities and Generic Categorization”, Style, Vol. 34, No. 2 (2000): 274-292. google scholar
  • —— An Introduction to Narratology. Translated by Patricia Hausler-Greenfield and Monika Fludernik. Routledge: London and New York, 2009. google scholar
  • —— Mediacy, Mediation, and Focalization: The Squaring of Terminological Circles”, Jan Alber and Monika Fludernik, Postclassical Narratology: Approaches and Analyses. Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 2010. google scholar
  • Genette, Gerard. Narrative Discourse: An Essay in Method, trans Jane E. Lewin. New York: Cornell University Press, 1980. google scholar
  • —— The Architext: An Introduction. Translated by Jane E. Lewin. Berkeley. Los Angeles and Oxford: University of California Press, 1992. google scholar
  • Jannati-'Atayi, Abolghasem. Bonyad-e Namayesh dar Iran. Tehran: Ibn-Sina Bookstore Publication, 1954. google scholar
  • de Jong, Irene J. F. Narrators and Focalizers: The Presentation of the Story in the Iliad, (2nd Edition). Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner Publishing Company, 1989. google scholar
  • Kudret, Cevdet. Ortaoyunu. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1973. google scholar
  • —— Karagöz. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları, 2004. google scholar
  • Lubbock, Percy. The Craft of Fiction. London: Jonathan Cape, 1957. google scholar
  • Malekpour, Jamshid. Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Nokhostin Kooshesh-ha ta Doreh-ye Qajar. 1st Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 1984. google scholar
  • ----Adabiyyat-e Namayeshi dar Iran: Melli-Garâ’i dar Namayesh (Doreh-ye Reza Shah Pahlavi). 3rd Vol.. Tehran: Tus, 2006 google scholar
  • Maneshi, Saghar. “A Comparative Narratological Analysis of the Dramatic Literature in Iran and Turkey (1900-1940)”. PhD Dissertation. Tehran: University of Tehran, 2024. google scholar
  • Mohebbi, Parastoo, Mohammad Bagher Ghahramani, and Behrooz Mahmoodi-Bakhtiari. “Development of Iranian Performance from a Diegetic World”. Journal of Fine Arts: Performing Arts and Music, Vol. 21, No. 2. 2016: 15-24. google scholar
  • Mohebbi, Parastoo. Revayatshenasi-ye Dram. Tehran: Jame Zarrin, 2019. google scholar
  • Moshirsalimi, ‘Ali-Akbar. Kolliyyat-e Mosavvar-e Mirzadeh ‘Eshqi. 8th Edition. Tehran: Amirkabir, 1979. google scholar
  • Nutku, Özdemir. Meddahlık ve Meddah Hikayeleri. İstanbul: Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, 1978. google scholar
  • —— Dünya Tiyatrosu Tarihi: Başlangıçtan 19. Yüzyıla Kadar, Cilt 1. Ankara: Remzi Kitabevi, 1985. google scholar
  • Pfister, Manfred. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Translated by Mehdi Nasrollahzadeh. Tehran: Minooye Kherad, 2008. google scholar
  • Plato. The Republic. Translated by Mohammadhassan Lotfi. Tehran: Khoosheh, 1974). google scholar
  • Potolsky, Matthew. Mimesis. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. google scholar
  • Puchner, Martin. Stage Fright: Modernism, Anti-Theatricality, and Drama. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. google scholar
  • Prince, Gerald. Narratology: The Form and Functioning of Narrative. Berlin, New York and Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1982. google scholar
  • Richardson, Brian. “Point of View in Drama: Diegetic Monologue, Unreliable Narrators, and the Author’s Voice on Stage”, Comparative Drama, Vol. 22, No. 3. 1988: 193-214. google scholar
  • —— “Voice and Narration in Postmodern Drama”, New Literary History, Vol. 32, No. 3. 2001: 681-694. google scholar
  • Ryan, Marie-Laure. “The Modes of Narrativity and Their Visual Metaphors”, Style, Vol. 26, No. 3. 1992: 368-387. google scholar
  • Sattari, Jalal. Zamine-ye Ejtemai-ye Ta’zıyeh va Theatre dar Iran. Tehran: Markaz, 2008. google scholar
  • Sevengil, Refik Ahmet. Türk Tiyatrosu Tarihi. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2015. google scholar
  • Schmid, Wolf. Narratology: An Introduction. Translated by Alexander Starritt. Berlin and New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2010. google scholar
  • Scholes, Robert and James Phelan and Robert Kellogg. The Nature of Narrative. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. google scholar
  • Shahidi, ‘Enayatollah. Pazhooheshi dar Ta’zıyeh va Ta’ziyeh-khâni. Tehran: Cultural Reasrach Office, 2001. google scholar
  • Shıijian, Farideh. Jaygah-e Namayesh-e Sonnatı dar Theatre-e Iran. Tehran: An, 2001. google scholar
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Oyunculuk-Reji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Saghar Maneshi Bu kişi benim 0009-0000-5841-5004

Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-5671-4040

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 28 Haziran 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 39

Kaynak Göster

APA Maneshi, S., & Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, B. (2024). A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği Ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi(39), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901
AMA Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. Aralık 2024;(39):33-44. doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901
Chicago Maneshi, Saghar, ve Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği Ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi, sy. 39 (Aralık 2024): 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.
EndNote Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B (01 Aralık 2024) A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi 39 33–44.
IEEE S. Maneshi ve B. Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”, T.E.D. Dergi, sy. 39, ss. 33–44, Aralık 2024, doi: 10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.
ISNAD Maneshi, Saghar - Mahmoodi-bakhtiari, Behrooz. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi 39 (Aralık 2024), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.
JAMA Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. 2024;:33–44.
MLA Maneshi, Saghar ve Behrooz Mahmoodi-bakhtiari. “A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan”. Tiyatro Eleştirmenliği Ve Dramaturji Bölümü Dergisi, sy. 39, 2024, ss. 33-44, doi:10.26650/jtcd.2024.3901.
Vancouver Maneshi S, Mahmoodi-bakhtiari B. A Narratology of Early Operas in Iran and Türkiye: The Case Study of ‘Eshqi’s The Resurrection of Iranian Kings and Edib-Adıvar’s The Shepherds of Kenan. T.E.D. Dergi. 2024(39):33-44.