Küreselleşme Sonrasında Avrupa Birliği ve Dijital Ekonomi

Öz

Bu makale, küreselleşme sonrası dönemde Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) dijital ekonomi alanındaki dönüşümünü ve bu dönüşümün uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamındaki etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Çalışma, dijital ekonominin tanımı, kapsamı ve tarihsel gelişimi ile başlayarak, dijitalleşmenin uluslararası ticarette yarattığı fırsatlar ve karşılaşılan zorlukları değerlendirmektedir. Küreselleşme sonrası dönemde dijital teknolojilerin KOBİ’lerin küresel pazarlara erişimini kolaylaştırması, lojistik ve tedarik zinciri optimizasyonu sağlaması ve finansal teknolojilerde yarattığı yenilikler analiz edilmektedir. Buna karşılık, veri güvenliği, dijital bölünme ve düzenleyici çerçevelerin eksikliği gibi riskler ele alınmakta, bu bağlamda uluslararası ticaret politikalarının dijital çağa adaptasyonu detaylandırılmaktadır. Makale, Avrupa Birliği’ni odağına alarak, Dijital Avrupa Programı ve Dijital Ekonomi ve Toplum Endeksi (DESI) gibi somut örnekler üzerinden dijital ekonominin bölgesel politikalar üzerindeki etkisini irdelemektedir. Ayrıca, Lizbon Stratejisi ve Avrupa 2020 Stratejisi bağlamında AB’nin küresel dijital ekonomi liderliği hedefi tartışılmaktadır. Çalışma, Avrupa Dijital Tek Pazarı ve buna yönelik stratejilerin, AB’nin dijital egemenlik ve ekonomik bağımsızlık hedeflerine katkısını incelemektedir. Dijital teknolojilerin, uluslararası ticaret ve yönetişim sistemini nasıl şekillendirdiği, AB’nin bu süreçteki rolüyle birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmada aşağıdaki sorulara yanıt aranmıştır: Dijital ekonominin tanımı ve kapsamı, küreselleşme sonrası dönemde nasıl şekillenmiştir? Dijitalleşme, uluslararası ticaretin dinamiklerini ve küresel ekonomik sistemin yapısını nasıl dönüştürmektedir? Avrupa Birliği, dijital ekonomi alanında küresel bir lider olarak konumunu güçlendirmek için hangi stratejileri benimsemektedir? Dijital Avrupa Programı, Dijital Ekonomi ve Toplum Endeksi (DESI) ve Avrupa Dijital Tek Pazarı gibi inisiyatifler, AB'nin bölgesel ve küresel politikalarına nasıl katkıda bulunmaktadır? Veri güvenliği, dijital bölünme ve düzenleme eksiklikleri gibi dijitalleşmenin getirdiği zorluklar karşısında Avrupa Birliği’nin uluslararası ticaret politikaları nasıl bir adaptasyon sürecinden geçmektedir? Dijital egemenlik ve ekonomik bağımsızlık kavramları, AB’nin dijital ekonomi stratejilerinde nasıl bir rol oynamaktadır?

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Birliği
• Küreselleşme
• Dijital Ekonomi

European Union and Digital Economy After Globalization

Öz

This article comprehensively examines the transformation of the European Union (EU) in the digital economy during the post-globalization era and its implications within the context of international relations. The study begins by defining the digital economy, exploring its scope and historical evolution, and assessing the opportunities and challenges it presents for international trade. Key aspects analyzed include how digital technologies facilitate SMEs' access to global markets, optimize logistics and supply chains, and drive innovation in financial technologies. Conversely, risks such as data security, digital divides, and regulatory challenges are addressed, alongside a detailed discussion of the adaptation of international trade policies to the digital era. Focusing on the European Union, the article evaluates the impact of regional policies on the digital economy through initiatives such as the Digital Europe Programme and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). Furthermore, it discusses the EU's ambitions for global digital leadership within the frameworks of the Lisbon Strategy and the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study delves into the European Digital Single Market and its strategies to advance the EU’s goals of digital sovereignty and economic independence. The role of digital technologies in reshaping the international trade and governance system is analyzed in conjunction with the EU's position in these processes. In this context, the study seeks to answer the following questions: How has the definition and scope of the digital economy been shaped in the post-globalization era? How does digitalization transform the dynamics of international trade and the structure of the global economic system? What strategies does the European Union adopt to strengthen its position as a global leader in the digital economy? How do initiatives such as the Digital Europe Programme, the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), and the European Digital Single Market contribute to the EU's regional and global policies? How are the European Union’s international trade policies adapting to challenges such as data security, digital divide, and regulatory deficiencies arising from digitalization? Finally, how do concepts like digital sovereignty and economic independence play a role in the EU’s digital economy strategies?

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Union
• Digitalization
• Digital Economy

Kaynakça

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