The History of a Twice-Migrated Economy-Driven Community in the Same Century: Japanese Brazilians

Öz

The aim of this research is to introduce the Japanese Brazilians to the Turkish literature thoroughly that constitute the largest bulk of the total Japanese diaspora, while touching upon their problems. This research essentially reviews a group of needy Japanese who migrated to New World in the beginning of the 20th century in search of being employed as unskilled workers who eventually ended up settling in Brazil, and also the reverse-migration of their then-generations to Japan from Brazil with similar motives in the late portion of the same century. This work had followed a historical timeline while underlining these two-way migrations had metamorphosed the identities of these migrants twice within the same century due to various ethnic discriminations they were exposed. The constitutive elements of this research are to review the main reasons of the changes in their ethnic identities and to analyze the consequences of these changes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Japanese Brazilians
• migration
• ethnic discrimination
• diaspora
• culture

Aynı Yüzyılda İki Kere Göç Etmiş Ekonomi-odaklı Bir Topluluğun Tarihi: Brezilyalı Japonlar

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı Japonya’nın en büyük diaspora topluluğu olan Brezilyalı Japonları ve bu grubun karşılaştığı zorlukları Türk literatürüne etraflıca tanıtmaktır. Metinde 20. yüzyılın başlarında bir grup Japon’un orada vasıfsız işçiler olarak istihdam edilebilecekleri ümidiyle Amerika kıtasına göç etmeleriyle başlayan sürecin Brezilya’ya temelli yerleşmekle sonuçlanması ve aynı yüzyılın sonlarında yine aynı heves ve güdülerle bu grubun sonraki nesil üyelerinin tersine bir göç ile Japonya’ya yerleşmelerinden bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmada temel olarak tarihsel sürece uygun bir şema izlenmiş ve grubun tamamının aynı saiklerle ancak farklı dönemlerde yaptıkları iki farklı göçün kimliklerinde meydana getirdiği ayrıklıkların altı çizilmiştir. Özetle, bu çalışmada Brezilyalı Japonların bir asırdan biraz daha uzun olan tarihlerinde uğradıkları etnik ayrımcılıklar sonucunda iki defa değişen etnik kimlikleri, ayrıca bu değişimlerin sebepleri ve yarattığı sonuçlar incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Brezilyalı Japonlar
• göç
• etnik ayrımcılık
• diaspora
• kültür

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