Öz

After the Second World War, the increase in trade relations between the countries with commercial globalization and regional economic agreements caused a significant increase in the studies dealing with the effects of exports on economic growth. Likewise, the globalization of production through Multinational Companies (MNC) has made Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) popular with economists. In this context, there is an expectation in the literature that FDIs will have more significant effects on economic growth in developing countries, which have savings and foreign exchange deficits compared to short and medium-term portfolio investments. This study aims to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investments, export and economic growth in the BRICS-T countries for the period 1992-2018. In the study, cross-section dependency, homogeneity and Kónya (2006) bootstrap panel Granger causality tests were used. The findings obtained from tests show that all panel data models used in the study have cross-section dependence and heterogeneity. On the other hand, according to the bootstrap panel causality test results, the causal relationships between foreign direct investment, export and economic growth differ by countries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Foreign Direct Investments
• Export
• Economic Growth
• Panel Causality

DOĞRUDAN YABANCI YATIRIMLAR, İHRACAT ve EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ARASI İLİŞKİLER: BRICS-T ÜLKELERİ ÜZERİNE BOOTSTRAP PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ (1992-2018)

Öz

II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında yaşanan ticari küreselleşme ve bölgesel ekonomik anlaşmalar ile ülkeler arası ticaret ilişkilerinin artması, dış ticaretin özellikle de ihracatın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkilerini ele alan çalışmalarda büyük bir artışa yol açmıştır. Aynı şekilde Çok Uluslu Şirketler (ÇUŞ) aracılığıyla üretimin küreselleşmesi ise Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımları (DYY) iktisatçılar açısından popüler hale getirmiştir. Bu kapsamda literatürde DYY’ların kısa ve orta vadeli portföy yatırımlarına göre tasarruf ve döviz açığı bulunan gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyüme üzerinde daha anlamlı etkileri olacağı beklentisi vardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yükselen piyasa ekonomilerini özel bir grubunu oluşturan BRICS-T ülkelerinde doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi 1992-2018 dönemi için araştırmaktır. Çalışmada yatay kesit bağımlılığı, homojenite ve Kónya (2006) bootstrap panel Granger nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular çalışmada kullanılan modellerde yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve heterojenitenin söz konusu olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandan bootstrap panel nedensellik test sonuçlarına göre doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, ihracat ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensel ilişkilerin ülkeden ülkeye farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar
• İhracat
• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Panel Nedensellik

Kaynakça

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