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A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 0 - , 27.02.2016

Öz

This article is primarily concerned with social psychological explanation of the conduct of al-Qaeda terrorism. Al-Qaeda is a network of cells dispersed worldwide and in cooperation with local militant Islamist groups. Since it has characteristics and dynamics of its own that are distinct from traditional actors in international politics, an attempt to understand al-Qaeda as an actor and conduct of its terrorist behavior requires looking well beyond the traditional approaches in international relations scholarship as well as group level analysis, interdisciplinary research and focus on context and process. In this sense, social psychology accounts appear to have explanatory power to understand the al-Qaeda network and conduct of its activities. The article takes the idea of collectivity and moral disengagement from coercive action as two main social psychological dynamics of the terrorist conduct and primarily argues that al-Qaeda affiliated groups morally disengage from detrimental conduct through Bandura’s disengagement mechanisms and within a collective context.

Kaynakça

  • Al-Qaeda’s Fatwa (1998). PBS Newshour. 23. February 1998 Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/ fatwa_1998.html
  • Al-Qaeda Organization in the Arabian Peninsula. Global Security.org. Retrieved from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ world/para/al-qaida-arabia.html
  • Bandura, A. (1990). Selective Activation and Disengagement of Moral Control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), pp. 27-46.
  • Bandura, A. (1998). Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement. In W. Reich (Ed.) Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, pp. 161-191, Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center.
  • Banks, W. C. (2005). Alternative Views of the Terrorist Threat. International Studies Review, 7(4), pp. 669-684.
  • Bin Laden’s 1996 Fatwa (1996). PBS Newshour. August 1996 Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/fatwa_1996. html (25 December 2011).
  • Crenshaw, M. (1998). Questions to Be Answered, Research to Be Done, Knowledge to Be Applied. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Theologies, States of Mind, pp. 247-260. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2004). The Psychology of Political Terrorism, Political Psychology: Key Readings, (Eds.) In J. T. Jost and J. Sidanius, pp. 411-431. New York: Psychology.
  • Cristiani, D. and Fabiani, R. (2010, January 28). AQIM Funds Terrorist Operations With Thriving Sahel-Based Kidnapping Industry. Terrorism Monitor, Retrieved from http:// www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D =35963
  • Hellmich, C. (2005). Al-Qaeda- Terrorists, Hypocrites, Fundamentalists? The View from Within. Third World Quarterly, 26(1), pp. 39-54.
  • Houghton, D. P. (2009). Political Psychology: Situations, Individuals and Cases. London; New York: Routledge.
  • Melucci, A. (1995). The Process of Collective Identity. In H. Johnston and B. Klandermans (Eds.), Social Movements and Culture Vol. 4 of Social Movements, Protest and Contention (pp. 41-63). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Moghaddam, F. M. (2009). The New American Global Dilemma and Terrorism. Political Psychology, 30(3), pp. 373-380.
  • Pape, R. A. (2003). The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The American Political Science Review, 97(3), pp. 343-361.
  • Post, J. M; Sprinzak, E. and Denny, L. M. (2003). Terrorists in Their Own Words: Interviews with 35 Incarcerated Middle Eastern Terrorists. Terrorism and Political Violence, 15(1), pp. 171-184.
  • Safire, W. (1979). The Fine Art of Euphemism. San Francisco Chronicle, 13.
  • Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
  • Sageman, M. (2008). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Schweitzer, Y. and Goldstein F., S. (2005). Al-Qaeda and the Internalization of Suicide Terrorism. In J. Rosen (Ed.), The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Memorandum no: 78. Retrieved from http://studies.agentura.ru/english/library/memo78.pdf
  • Simon, B. and Klanderman, B. (2004). The Politicized Collective Identity: A Social Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology: Key Readings, (Eds) In J. T. Jost and J. Sidanius, pp. 597-619. New York: Psychology.
  • Whelan, R. (2005). Al-Qaeadism: The Threat to Islam, The Threat to The World. Dublin: Ashfield.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 0 - , 27.02.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Al-Qaeda’s Fatwa (1998). PBS Newshour. 23. February 1998 Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/ fatwa_1998.html
  • Al-Qaeda Organization in the Arabian Peninsula. Global Security.org. Retrieved from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ world/para/al-qaida-arabia.html
  • Bandura, A. (1990). Selective Activation and Disengagement of Moral Control. Journal of Social Issues, 46(1), pp. 27-46.
  • Bandura, A. (1998). Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement. In W. Reich (Ed.) Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Ideologies, Theologies, States of Mind, pp. 161-191, Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center.
  • Banks, W. C. (2005). Alternative Views of the Terrorist Threat. International Studies Review, 7(4), pp. 669-684.
  • Bin Laden’s 1996 Fatwa (1996). PBS Newshour. August 1996 Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/fatwa_1996. html (25 December 2011).
  • Crenshaw, M. (1998). Questions to Be Answered, Research to Be Done, Knowledge to Be Applied. In W. Reich (Ed.), Origins of Terrorism: Psychologies, Theologies, States of Mind, pp. 247-260. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.
  • Crenshaw, M. (2004). The Psychology of Political Terrorism, Political Psychology: Key Readings, (Eds.) In J. T. Jost and J. Sidanius, pp. 411-431. New York: Psychology.
  • Cristiani, D. and Fabiani, R. (2010, January 28). AQIM Funds Terrorist Operations With Thriving Sahel-Based Kidnapping Industry. Terrorism Monitor, Retrieved from http:// www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D =35963
  • Hellmich, C. (2005). Al-Qaeda- Terrorists, Hypocrites, Fundamentalists? The View from Within. Third World Quarterly, 26(1), pp. 39-54.
  • Houghton, D. P. (2009). Political Psychology: Situations, Individuals and Cases. London; New York: Routledge.
  • Melucci, A. (1995). The Process of Collective Identity. In H. Johnston and B. Klandermans (Eds.), Social Movements and Culture Vol. 4 of Social Movements, Protest and Contention (pp. 41-63). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.
  • Moghaddam, F. M. (2009). The New American Global Dilemma and Terrorism. Political Psychology, 30(3), pp. 373-380.
  • Pape, R. A. (2003). The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. The American Political Science Review, 97(3), pp. 343-361.
  • Post, J. M; Sprinzak, E. and Denny, L. M. (2003). Terrorists in Their Own Words: Interviews with 35 Incarcerated Middle Eastern Terrorists. Terrorism and Political Violence, 15(1), pp. 171-184.
  • Safire, W. (1979). The Fine Art of Euphemism. San Francisco Chronicle, 13.
  • Sageman, M. (2004). Understanding Terror Networks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
  • Sageman, M. (2008). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Schweitzer, Y. and Goldstein F., S. (2005). Al-Qaeda and the Internalization of Suicide Terrorism. In J. Rosen (Ed.), The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, Memorandum no: 78. Retrieved from http://studies.agentura.ru/english/library/memo78.pdf
  • Simon, B. and Klanderman, B. (2004). The Politicized Collective Identity: A Social Psychological Analysis. Political Psychology: Key Readings, (Eds) In J. T. Jost and J. Sidanius, pp. 597-619. New York: Psychology.
  • Whelan, R. (2005). Al-Qaeadism: The Threat to Islam, The Threat to The World. Dublin: Ashfield.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil TR
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Betül Özyılmaz Kiraz Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Özyılmaz Kiraz, B. (2016). A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 3(1).
AMA Özyılmaz Kiraz B. A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. Şubat 2016;3(1).
Chicago Özyılmaz Kiraz, Betül. “A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Şubat 2016).
EndNote Özyılmaz Kiraz B (01 Şubat 2016) A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 3 1
IEEE B. Özyılmaz Kiraz, “A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM”, TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2016.
ISNAD Özyılmaz Kiraz, Betül. “A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 3/1 (Şubat 2016).
JAMA Özyılmaz Kiraz B. A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2016;3.
MLA Özyılmaz Kiraz, Betül. “A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2016.
Vancouver Özyılmaz Kiraz B. A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE CONDUCT OF AL-QAEDA TERRORISM. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2016;3(1).