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MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 95 - 117, 26.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.775055

Öz

The European Union (EU), which aims to promote cross-border cooperation (CBC) through various policies and programs, introduced its first macro-regional strategy (MRS) in 2009 as a new tool that offers an integrated framework and governance for regional cooperation beyond the national scale. With adoption of MRS, the EU seeks to tackle common problems of certain regions at the transnational scale and improve the efficiency of policies by enhancing territorial cooperation and coordination among the local, regional, national and supranational levels and mobilizing the existing cross-border institutions and initiatives. This way, it is intended for achieving a more prosperous space and strengthening the territorial integrity of the EU. Thus, MRS is closely related to territorial cohesion policy that is based on creating a balanced and harmonious societal structure on a place-based approach. In this framework, this study addresses the contribution of MRS to the territorial cohesion of the EU by elaborating on the fundamentals and objectives of territorial cohesion policy and MRS.

Kaynakça

  • Attila, A. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Danube Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A "macro-regional" Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 145-168). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bachtler, J. and Wren, C. (2006). Evaluation of European Union cohesion policy: Research questions and policy challenges. Regional Studies, 40(02), 143-153.
  • Balsiger, J. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Alpine Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A "macro-regional" Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 189- 213). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs). (2012). Territorial Cohesion in future EU Cohesion Policy: Final report for the research project “the territorial dimension of future EU cohesion policy.” Berlin: Federal Ministry of Transport. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://d-nb.info/1030281866/34
  • Böhme, K. Doucet P., Komornicki, T., Zaucha, J. and Świątek, D. (2011). How to strengthen the territorial dimension of ‘Europe 2020’ and the EU cohesion policy. Warsaw: Polish Ministry of Regional Development. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/challenges2020/2011_territorial_dimension_eu2020.pdf
  • Brunazzo, M. (2016). The history and evolution of cohesion policy. In S. Piattoni and L. Polverari (Eds.), Handbook on cohesion policy in the EU (pp. 17-35). Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar.
  • CEU (Council of the European Union) (2017). Implementation of EU macro-regional strategies. Council Conclusions. Doc 8461/17. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/macro_region_strategy/pdf/concl_implementation_macro_region_strategy_en.pdf
  • CEU (Council of the European Union) (2019). Council conclusions on the implementation of EU macro-regional strategies. Brussels, 5 June 2019. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/macro_region_strategy/pdf/council_conclusions_17052019.pdf
  • Cugusi, B., and Stocchiero, A. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Adriatic–Ionian Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 169-188). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dangerfield, M. (2016). From subregionalism to macro-regionalism in Europe and the European Union. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 25-45). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
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  • Davoudi, S., Evans, N. Governa, F. and Santangelo, M. (2008). Territorial governance in the making. Approaches, Methodologies, Practices. Boletin de la AGEN, (46), 33-52.
  • De Lombaerde, P. (2010). How to "connect" micro-regions with macro-regions? A note. Perspectives on Federalism, 2(3), 29-37.
  • De Sousa, L. (2013). Understanding European cross-border cooperation: A framework for analysis. Journal of European Integration, 35(6), 669-687.
  • Dubois, A., Hedin, S., Schmitt, P. and Sterling, J. (2009). EU macro-regions and macro-regional strategies–A scoping study. Nordregio Electronic Working Paper, (4). Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:700381/FULLTEXT01.pdf
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  • EC (European Commission) (2014). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions concerning the European Union strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region. COM(2014) 357 Final, Brussels, 17.6.2014. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52014DC0357&from=EN
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  • EC (European Commission) (2020). Commission staff working document action plan replacing staff working document SEC(2010) 1489 final accompanying the communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions European Union strategy for Danube Region. SWD(2020) 59 final, Brussels, 6.4.2020. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://danube-region.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EUSDR-ACTION-PLAN-SWD202059-final-1.pdf
  • Finka, M. (2007). Territorial cohesion-between expectations, disparities and contradictions. In D. Scholich (Ed.), Territorial cohesion (pp. 23-39). Berlin: Springer.
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AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NDE MAKRO-BÖLGESEL STRATEJİ VE TERİTORYAL UYUM

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 95 - 117, 26.02.2021
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.775055

Öz

Çeşitli politika ve programlar yoluyla sınır ötesi işbirliğini geliştirmeye çalışan Avrupa Birliği (AB), ulusal ölçeğin ötesinde, bölgesel işbirliğinin geliştirilmesine yönelik olarak bütünleşik bir yapı ve yönetişim ortaya koyan ilk makro bölgesel stratejisini (MBS) 2009 yılında kabul etmiştir. MBS’nin kabul edilmesiyle AB, yerel, bölgesel, ulusal ve uluslar üstü düzeyler arasındaki teritoryal işbirliğini ve koordinasyonu arttırarak ve mevcut sınır ötesi kurum ve girişimleri harekete geçirerek ulus aşırı ölçekteki belli bölgelerin ortak sorunlarının çözümünü ve politikaların etkinliğini arttırmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu şekilde daha müreffeh bir mekân oluşturulması ve AB’nin teritoryal bütünlüğünün güçlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu bakımdan MBS, yer merkezli bir bakış açısı çerçevesinde dengeli ve düzenli bir toplumsal yapı oluşturulmasına dayanan teritoryal uyum politikasıyla yakından ilintilidir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, teritoryal uyum politikasının ve MBS’nin temel niteliklerini ve hedeflerini ortaya koyarak MBS’nin AB’nin teritoryal uyumuna olan katkısını ele almaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Attila, A. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Danube Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A "macro-regional" Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 145-168). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Bachtler, J. and Wren, C. (2006). Evaluation of European Union cohesion policy: Research questions and policy challenges. Regional Studies, 40(02), 143-153.
  • Balsiger, J. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Alpine Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A "macro-regional" Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 189- 213). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • BMVBS (Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs). (2012). Territorial Cohesion in future EU Cohesion Policy: Final report for the research project “the territorial dimension of future EU cohesion policy.” Berlin: Federal Ministry of Transport. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://d-nb.info/1030281866/34
  • Böhme, K. Doucet P., Komornicki, T., Zaucha, J. and Świątek, D. (2011). How to strengthen the territorial dimension of ‘Europe 2020’ and the EU cohesion policy. Warsaw: Polish Ministry of Regional Development. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/challenges2020/2011_territorial_dimension_eu2020.pdf
  • Brunazzo, M. (2016). The history and evolution of cohesion policy. In S. Piattoni and L. Polverari (Eds.), Handbook on cohesion policy in the EU (pp. 17-35). Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar.
  • CEU (Council of the European Union) (2017). Implementation of EU macro-regional strategies. Council Conclusions. Doc 8461/17. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/macro_region_strategy/pdf/concl_implementation_macro_region_strategy_en.pdf
  • CEU (Council of the European Union) (2019). Council conclusions on the implementation of EU macro-regional strategies. Brussels, 5 June 2019. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/macro_region_strategy/pdf/council_conclusions_17052019.pdf
  • Cugusi, B., and Stocchiero, A. (2016). The European Union strategy for the Adriatic–Ionian Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 169-188). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Dangerfield, M. (2016). From subregionalism to macro-regionalism in Europe and the European Union. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 25-45). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Davoudi, S. (2007). Territorial cohesion, European social model and spatial policy research. In A. Faludi (Ed.), Territorial cohesion and the European Model of Society (pp. 81-104). Cambridge: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Davoudi, S., Evans, N. Governa, F. and Santangelo, M. (2008). Territorial governance in the making. Approaches, Methodologies, Practices. Boletin de la AGEN, (46), 33-52.
  • De Lombaerde, P. (2010). How to "connect" micro-regions with macro-regions? A note. Perspectives on Federalism, 2(3), 29-37.
  • De Sousa, L. (2013). Understanding European cross-border cooperation: A framework for analysis. Journal of European Integration, 35(6), 669-687.
  • Dubois, A., Hedin, S., Schmitt, P. and Sterling, J. (2009). EU macro-regions and macro-regional strategies–A scoping study. Nordregio Electronic Working Paper, (4). Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:700381/FULLTEXT01.pdf
  • EC (European Commission) (2004). Third report on economic and social cohesion: A new partnership for cohesion: Convergence competitiveness cooperation. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/4d47a6ba-9800-4d09-b2f1-b4557bbf1354
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  • EC (European Commission) (2015a). Commission staff working document action plan accompanying the document communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions concerning the European Union strategy for the Alpine Region. SWD(2015) 147 Final, Brussels, 28.7.2015. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/alpine/eusalp_action_plan.pdf
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  • EC (European Commission) (2016). Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the implementation of EU macro-regional strategies. COM(2016), 805 Final, 16.12.2016. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52016DC0805&from=EN
  • EC (European Commission) (2017a). Study on macroregional strategies and their links with cohesion policy. Final Report, European Commission: Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/cooperate/macro_region_strategy/pdf/mrs_links_cohesion_policy.pdf
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  • EC (European Commission) (2020). Commission staff working document action plan replacing staff working document SEC(2010) 1489 final accompanying the communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions European Union strategy for Danube Region. SWD(2020) 59 final, Brussels, 6.4.2020. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://danube-region.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/EUSDR-ACTION-PLAN-SWD202059-final-1.pdf
  • Finka, M. (2007). Territorial cohesion-between expectations, disparities and contradictions. In D. Scholich (Ed.), Territorial cohesion (pp. 23-39). Berlin: Springer.
  • Gänzle, S. (2016). New strategic approaches to territorial cooperation in Europe: From Euro-regions to European Groupings for Territorial Cooperation (EGTCs) and macro-regional strategies. In S. Piattoni and L. Polverari (Eds.), Handbook on cohesion policy in the EU (pp. 384-398). Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar.
  • Gänzle, S. and Kern, K. (2016a). Macro-regions, ‘macroregionalization’ and macroregional strategies in the European Union: Towards a new form of European governance? In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 3-22). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gänzle, S. and Kern, K. (2016b). The European Union strategy for the Baltic Sea Region. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 123-144). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Gänzle, S., Stead, D., Sielker, F. and Chilla, T. (2019). Macro-regional strategies, cohesion policy and regional cooperation in the European Union: Towards a research agenda. Political Studies Review, 17(2), 161-174.
  • Hepburn, E. (2016). Cohesion policy and regional mobilization. In S. Piattoni and L. Polverari (Eds.), Handbook on cohesion policy in the EU (pp. 203-216). Gloucestershire: Edward Elgar.
  • Keating, M. (2003). The invention of regions: Political restructuring and territorial government in Western Europe. In N. Brenner, B. Jessop, M. Jones and G. MacLeod (Eds.), State/space: A reader (pp. 256-277). Massachusetts: Blackwell.
  • Leonardi, R. (2005). Cohesion policy in the European Union: The building of Europe. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Lierop, C. van (2020). Towards a renewed territorial agenda for the EU. European Parliamentary Research Service. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/649355/EPRS_BRI(2020)649355_EN.pdf
  • McMaster, I and Zwet, A. van der (2016). Macro-regions and the European Union: The role of cohesion policy. In S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 47-71). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Medeiros, E. (2013). Euro–Meso–Macro: The new regions in Iberian and European space. Regional Studies, 47(8), 1249-1266.
  • Medeiros, E. (2016a). Is there a rise of the territorial dimension in the EU cohesion policy? Finisterra, LI, (103), 89‑112.
  • Medeiros, E. (2016b). Territorial cohesion: An EU concept. European Journal of Spatial Development, (60), 1-30.
  • Mirwaldt, K., McMaster, I. and Bachtler, J. (2011). The concept of macro-regions: Practice and prospects. European Policies Research Centre, (76). Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://www.eprc-strath.eu/public/dam/jcr:7280b9ef-9974-4012-bdba-75ecb0bcf3d8/EPRP%2076.pdf
  • Molle, W. (2007). European cohesion policy. Oxon: Routledge.
  • Nanetti, R. Y. (1996). EU cohesion and territorial restructuring in the Member States. In L. Hooghe (Ed.), Cohesion policy and European integration: Building multi-level governance (pp. 59-88). Oxford: Oxford University.
  • Özel, M. (2003). Avrupa Birliği’nde bölge, bölgeselleşme, bölge yönetimleri kavramları üzerine. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 58(1), 97-117.
  • Özel, M. (2004). Avrupa Birliği’nde bölgeselleşme ve bölge yönetimleri sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 59(2), 99-126.
  • Paasi, A. (2009). Regional geography I. In R. Kitchin and N. Thrift (Eds.), International encyclopedia of human geography, 9, (pp. 214-227). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Perkmann, M. (1999). Building governance institutions across European borders. Regional Studies, 33(7), 657-667.
  • Perkmann, M. (2002). Euroregions: Institutional entrepreneurship in the European Union. In M. Perkmann and N-L. Sum (Eds.), Globalization, regionalization and cross-border regions (pp. 103-124). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Perkmann, M. (2003). Cross-border regions in Europe significance and drivers of regional cross-border co-operation. European Urban and Regional Studies, 10(2), 153-171.
  • Piattoni, S. (2016). Exploring European Union macro-regional strategies through the lens of multilevel governance. S. Gänzle and K. Kern (Eds.), A ‘macro-regional’ Europe in the making: Theoretical approaches and empirical evidence (pp. 75-97). Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reitel, B., Wassenberg, B. and Peyrony, J. (2018). The INTERREG experience in bridging European territories. A 30-year summary. In E. Medeiros (Ed.), European territorial cooperation: Theoretical and empirical approaches to the process and impacts of cross-border and transnational cooperation in Europe (pp. 7-23). Cham: Springer.
  • Schmitt-Egner, P. (2002). The concept of ‘region’: Theoretical and methodological notes on its reconstruction. Journal of European Integration, 24(3), 179-200.
  • Schön, P. (2005). Territorial cohesion in Europe? Planning Theory and Practice, 6(3), 389-400.
  • Sielker, F. and Rauhut, D. (2018). The rise of macro-regions in Europe. In E. Medeiros (Ed.), European territorial cooperation: Theoretical and empirical approaches to the process and impacts of cross-border and transnational cooperation in Europe (pp. 153-169). Cham: Springer.
  • Stead, D. (2013). Dimensions of territorial governance. Planning Theory and Practice, 14(1), 142-147.
  • Stocchiero, A. (2010). Macro-regions of Europe: Old wine in a new bottle? CeSPI Working Paper, (65). Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://www.cespi.it/sites/default/files/documenti/wp_65-cespi_macroregioni_europee_eng_.pdf
  • The Territorial State (2011). The territorial state and perspectives of the European Union, 2011 update. Background document for the Territorial Agenda of the European Union 2020 presented at the Informal Meeting of Ministers responsible for Spatial Planning and Territorial Development, Hungary. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/policy/what/territorial-cohesion/territorial_state_and_perspective_2011.pdf
  • Tomaney, J. (2009). Region. In R. Kitchin and N. Thrift (Eds.), International encyclopedia of human geography, 9 (pp. 136-150). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  • Trandafir, M. and Panaitescu, M. (2016). Macro-regional strategies in the European Union: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Danubian Studies and Research, 6(2), 268-277.
  • Wassenberg, B. and Reitel, B. (2015). Territorial cooperation in Europe. A historical perspective. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/information/pdf/brochures/interreg_25years_en.pdf
  • Well, L. v and Schmitt, P. (2015). Understanding territorial governance: Conceptual and practical implications. Europa Regional 21.2013 (4). Erişim tarihi: 20.07.2020, https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-457127
  • Yılmaz, S. (2020a). Avrupa Birliği ve teritoryalite: Birlik mekânının teritoryalleşmesi ve içerisi-dışarısı ayrımı. Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
  • Yılmaz, S. (2020b). Avrupa Birliği’nin teritoryal yapısı ve dış sınırları: Esnek veya katı teritoryalite? Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 75(1), 31-52.
  • Yılmaz, S. and Koyuncu, Ç. A. (2019). Teritoryalite beşeri ve siyasal etkileşimlerin düzenlenmesinde neden hâlâ önemli? International Journal of Social Inquiry, 12(1), 317-343.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Samet Yılmaz 0000-0002-5232-5435

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Şubat 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yılmaz, S. (2021). MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 8(1), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.775055
AMA Yılmaz S. MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. Şubat 2021;8(1):95-117. doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.775055
Chicago Yılmaz, Samet. “MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Şubat 2021): 95-117. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.775055.
EndNote Yılmaz S (01 Şubat 2021) MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 8 1 95–117.
IEEE S. Yılmaz, “MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION”, TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 95–117, 2021, doi: 10.30626/tesamakademi.775055.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Samet. “MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 8/1 (Şubat 2021), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.775055.
JAMA Yılmaz S. MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2021;8:95–117.
MLA Yılmaz, Samet. “MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2021, ss. 95-117, doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.775055.
Vancouver Yılmaz S. MACRO-REGIONAL STRATEGY AND TERRITORIAL COHESION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2021;8(1):95-117.