The Assessment of Economics and Sociology on The Basis of "Market": A Contemporary Review

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 27 - 48, 26.02.2021

Emrah Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.824437

Cited By: 1

Öz

The nonchalant attitude of economics to the social function of the market has been an obstacle in building an intellectual bridge between economics and sociology. Even though classical economics had paid a little attention to the market, it never considered the market as a social structure. Neoclassical economics boiled the market down to an abstract field in which an individual behavior was predictable as an individual was assumed as rational and had perfect information in a transaction. During the late 19th century, sociologists criticized neoclassical assumptions of the market on the ground that the market plays a constitutional role in social action. The close attention of classical sociologists to the market provided a favorable ground for the birth of economic sociology. Economic sociology peaked twice in the history of sociology while sociology had a close interest in the market. In this study, I will pursue the question of why economics has not seen the market as a social structure, although sociology stresses the social dimension of the market.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Market, Neoclassical Economics, Sociology, Economic Sociology

İktisat ve Sosyoloji İlişkisini ‘Piyasa’ Üzerinden Değerlendirmek: Güncel Bir Okuma

Öz

İktisadın piyasanın sosyal yönünü görmezden gelmesi, onun sosyal bilimlerin diğer alanlarıyla iş birliği kurmasını engellemektedir. İktisat düşüncesinde sosyal yanına vurgu yapılmayıp, alıcı ve satıcıların bir araya geldiği ama toplumdan soyutlanmış olan piyasa tasavvuru, sosyolojik muhayyilede yerini eylemin ve haliyle toplumsallaşmanın başladığı somut bir alana bırakır. Sosyolojinin piyasaya yorumu, bir ekonomizm eleştirisinin ötesinde, ekonomi sosyolojisinin doğmasına neden olmuştur. En yalın anlamıyla iktisadi olgulara sosyolojik yaklaşım anlamına gelen ekonomi sosyolojisi, sosyoloji tarihi boyunca iki kez yükseliş trendi yakalamıştır. Ekonomi sosyolojinin yükseliş trendleri incelediğinde, her iki dönemde de sosyolojinin piyasaya ve iktisadi olgulara olan ilgisinin arttığı rahatlıkla görülebilir. Piyasa mefhumunun iktisat ve sosyoloji içindeki serüveni, bir yönüyle iki bilim arasındaki ilişkinin seyri hakkında da fikir vermektedir. Bu çalışmada ilk olarak klasik ve neoklasik iktisatçıların ellerinde yolculuğuna toplumsuz olarak başlayan piyasanın, hangi tartışmalar ışığında, önce klasik sosyologların, ardından ise çağdaş sosyoloji yorumlarının etkisiyle toplumsal sistemin bir parçası haline geldiği tartışmaya açılacaktır. Bu yönüyle çalışma, sosyolojinin piyasayı toplumla buluşturma çabasından hareketle, iktisat ve sosyolojinin değişen bilimsel sınırlarını ve ekonomi sosyolojinin tarihsel yolculuğunu da aktaracaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Piyasa, Neoklasik Ekonomi, Sosyoloji, Ekonomi Sosyolojisi

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