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Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 229 - 260, 09.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.913308

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, önemli ekonomik ve ticari fırsatlar sunması sebebiyle pek çok ülke tarafından olumlu karşılanan Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne neden Hindistan’ın dahil olmak istemediğini, bu ülkenin Çin’e yönelik uyguladığı hedging stratejisi kapsamında açıklamaktır. Zira Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne dahil olmama tercihini Çin’e yönelik hedging stratejisinden bağımsız değerlendirmek mümkün değildir. Hindistan bir taraftan ekonomik ve ticari çıkarlarını gözeterek Çin ile yakınlaşmakta, diğer taraftan ise güvenlik kaygılarını göz önünde bulundurarak Çin’i dengeleyecek ortaklık ve işbirliklerine yönelmektedir. Hindistan’ın ekonomi alanında angajman, güvenlik alanında dengelemeye dayanan bu hedging stratejisi, Çin – Pakistan Ekonomik Koridoru ve Çin’in Hint-Pasifik bölgesindeki etkinliğini artırma girişimlerinden rahatsız Yeni Delhi’yi Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin dışında kalmaya sevk etmektedir

Kaynakça

  • “Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas” https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CN%20IN_961129_Agreement%20between%20China%20and%20India.pdf (Erişim:18.12.2020).
  • “Agreement Between the Republic of India and the People’s Republic of China on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India” http://www.commonlii.org/in/other/treaties/INTSer/1954/5.html (Erişim: 24.12.2020). Adhia, N. (2015). “The History of Economic Development in India since Independence” Association for Asian Studies, 20 (3): 18-22.
  • Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dışişleri Bakanlığı Politik – Askeri İlişkiler Bürosu, 20 Ocak 2021, “U.S. Security Cooperation With India” https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-india/ (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Anadolu Ajansı (16 Mayıs 2017) “Kuşak ve Yol Forumu’nun ardından” https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kusak-ve-yol-forumunun-ardindan/819306 (Erişim:03.02.2020).
  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası (2017) “Meeting Asia’s Infrastructure Needs”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/227496/special-report-infrastructure.pdf (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası https://www.aiib.org/en/index.html (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Athwal, A. (2007) China – India Relations: Contemporary Dynamics. New York: Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series.
  • Ayhan, S. İ. (2014). “Çin – Hindistan Sınır Anlaşmazlığının Çözümünü Engelleyen Faktörler” Barış Araştırmaları ve Çatışma Çözümleri Dergisi, 2(2), 81-99.
  • Balaam, D.N. ve Dillman, B. (2018) Uluslararası Ekonomi Politiğe Giriş. (2.bs.) (N. Uslu, Çev.). Ankara: Adres Yayınları
  • Bajpaee, C. (2015) “China – India: Regional Dimensions of the Bilateral Relationship” Strategic Studies Quarterly, 9(4), 108-145.
  • Boon, H.T. (2016). “The Hedging Prong in India’s Evolving China Strategy”. Journal of Contemporary China. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2016.1160527
  • Boon, H.T. ve Ong, G.K.H. (2021). Military dominance in Pakistan and China – Pakistan Relations” Australian Journal of International Affairs. 75 (1): 80-102.
  • Buchan, P.G. ve Rimland, B. (2020) “Defining the Diamond: The Past, Present, and Future of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue” Center for Strategic and International Studies BRIEFS. https://www.csis.org/analysis/defining-diamond-past-present-and-future-quadrilateral-security-dialogue (Erişim: 07.02.2021).
  • Cai, K.G. (2018) “The One Belt One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Beijing’s New Strategy of Geoeconomics and Geopolitics” Journal of Contemporary China. 27 (114), 831-847.
  • Chen, D. (2018). “The Indo – Pacific Strategy: A Background Anaysis” ISPI Commentary. https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/indo-pacific-strategy-background-analysis-20714 (Erişim: 07.02.2021).
  • Dünya Bankası Veri Tabanı https://data.worldbank.org/ (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Dünya Entegre Ticaret Çözümü (World Integrated Trade Solution – WITS) https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/IND/textview (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Gilpin, R. (2001) Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Goh, E. (2006). “Understanding ‘Hedging’ in Asia-Pacific Security”. PacNet No.43 http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/pac0643.pdf (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Goldman, R. (2020, 17 Haziran). India-China Border Dispute: A Conflict Explained. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/world/asia/india-china-border-clashes.html (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Hailin, Y. (2018). “Modi’s “Issue – by – Issue” Diplomacy with China” Strategic Studies, 38 (1), 48-65.
  • Haldar, S. (2018) “Mapping Substance in India’s Counter-strategies to China’s Emergent Belt and Road Initiative” Indian Journal of Asian Affairs. 31(1/2), 75-90.
  • Heywood, A. (2016). Küresel Siyaset. (4.bs.) (N. Uslu ve H. Özdemir, Çev.). Ankara: Adres Yayınları
  • Hindistan Kültür Bakanlığı (2021) “Project Mausam” https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/project-mausam (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Hindistan Pekin Büyükelçiliği (2018) “India – China Trade and Economic Relations” https://www.eoibeijing.gov.in/economic-and-trade-relation.php (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Hindistan Savunma Bakanlığı (2015) Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy. https://indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/files/Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy_Document_25Jan16.pdf (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Hindistan Ticaret ve Sanayi Bakanlığı Ticari İstihbarat ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü http://dgciskol.gov.in/ (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Hongyu, W. (1995) “Sino-Indian Relations: Present and Future” Asian Survey. 35 (6), 546-554.
  • Huchet, J.F. (2010) India and China in Central Asia: Mirroring Their Bilateral Relations. M. Laruelle, J.F. Huchet, S. Peyrouse ve B. Balci (Der.) China and India in Central Asia: A New Great Game. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hürriyet (26 Nisan 2019) “Çin’de Kuşak ve Yol Forumu Başladı” https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/cinde-kusak-ve-yol-forumu-basladi-41195158 (Erişim:03.02.2021).
  • International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook Data: 2020 October Edition” https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October (Erişim:03.02.2021).
  • Johnson, C.K. (2016). “President Xi Jinping’s "Belt and Road" Initiative” Center for Strategic & International Studies Raporu. https://www.csis.org/analysis/president-xi-jinping%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative (Erişim:02.01.2021).
  • Kapoor, M. (2020, 20 Haziran ). Six Things To Know About India-China Economic Relations. BloombergQuint. https://www.bloombergquint.com/economy-finance/six-things-to-know-about-india-china-economic-relations (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Kasım, M. (2020). “Bağımsızlıkları Sonrasında Çin ve Hindistan’ın İkili İlişkilerinin Gelişimi ve Avrasya Stratejileri” Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24 (3) 547-563.
  • Kesavan, K. V. (2020) “India’s ‘Act East’ policy and regional coopreation” in K.V. Kesavan, et al., “India and South Korea: Exploring New Avenues, Outlining Goals”, ORF Special Report No. 101, February 2020, Observer Research Foundation.
  • Koga, K. (2018). “The Concept of “Hedging” Revisited: The Case of Japan’s Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift” International Studies Review, 20 (4)
  • Kuik, C.C. (2008). “The Essence of Hedging:Malaysia and Singapore’s Response to a Rising China”. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(2)
  • Kumar, M. (2014). “Impact of Economic Reforms on India” International Journal of Informative and Futuristic Research. 1 (7), 46-53.
  • Li, Z. (2010). “China – India Relations: Strategic Engagement and Challenges” IFRI Center for Asian Studies, Asie Visions 34. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/asievisions34zhangli.pdf (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Li, Z. (2016). “The Maritime Silk Road and India: The Challenge of Overcoming Cognitive Divergence” Asia Policy. 22, 20-26. (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Mahbubani, K. (2020) “Is China Expansionist?” PRSIM, 9(1), pp.130-139 (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Mohan, C.R (2009). Maritime Power: India and China Turn to Mahan, ISAS Working Paper 71: 1-2. https://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/papers/71-maritime-power-india-and-china-turn-to-mahan/ (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Neagle, K. (2020). “Why is China’s Belt and Road Initiative Being Questioned by Japan and India? E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/05/02/why-is-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-being-questioned-by-japan-and-india/ (Erişim:10.02.2021).
  • NITI Aayog (2021) “International Cooperation – China” https://niti.gov.in/index.php/international-cooperation-china (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2018) “China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Financial Lanscape” OECD Business and Financial Outlook. https://www.oecd.org/finance/Chinas-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-in-the-global-trade-investment-and-finance-landscape.pdf (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Pakistan Dışişleri Bakanlığı Resmi İnternet Sitesi (2021) “Pakistan and China Diplomatic Relations” http://mofa.gov.pk/pakistan-and-china-diplomatic-relations/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Passi, R. (2019) “Unpacking Economic Motivations and Non-economic Consequences of Connectivity Infrastructure Under OBOR” Li Xing (Der.) Mapping China’s One Belt One Road Initiative. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reddy, S. (2018). ‘The Growing BRICS Economies: An INET Series’. Institute for New Economic Thinking, 12.04.2018. https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/the-growing-brics-economies-an-inet-series
  • Reeves, J. ve Wallis, J. (2020). “ A Free and Open Indo – Pacific: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities for Engagement” The National Bureau of Asian Research, Asian Policy 15 (4). https://www.nbr.org/publication/a-free-and-open-indo-pacific-strengths-weaknesses-and-opportunities-for-engagement-introduction/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Sachdeva, G. (2018). “Indian Perceptions of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative” International Studies. 55 (4), 285-296.
  • Scott, D. (2019) “China’s Indo-Pacific Strategy: The Problems of Success” The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies. 6 (2), 94-113.
  • Sikri, R. (2011) “The Tibet Factor in India – China Relations” Journal of International Affairs. 64 (2): 55-71.
  • Stuenkel, O. (2015). The BRICS and the Future of Global Order. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Tamer, C. (2021) “Jeopolitik Güç Mücadelesinin Terminolojisi: “Asya – Pasifik” mi “ Hint – Pasifik” mi?” ANKASAM. https://www.ankasam.org/jeopolitik-guc-mucadelesinin-terminolojisi-asya-pasifik-mi-hint-pasifik-mi/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • UN Comtrade database https://comtrade.un.org/data (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Wolff, P. (2016) China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative—Challenges and Opportunities. German Development Institute, Bonn. https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Belt_and_Road_V1.pdf (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Wu, F. (2019). “India’s Pragmatic Foreign Policy toward China’s BRI and AIIB: Struggling for Relative and Absolute Gains”. Journal of Contemporary China, DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2019.164548

India’s Approach to the Belt and Road Initiative within the Framework of Its Hedging Strategy

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 229 - 260, 09.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.913308

Öz

The main aim of this paper is to explain the reasons behind India’s decision to stay away from China's Belt and Road Initiative, which is welcomed by many countries due to its significant economic and commercial opportunities, within the scope of its hedging strategy toward China. It is not possible to interpret India’s this decision without taking into account its hedging strategy, since on one hand, India approaches China by considering its economic and commercial interests, on the other hand, it tries to create partnerships and collaborations that will balance China, due to its security concerns. India’s hedging strategy, which is based on economic engagement and strategic balancing, prompts New Delhi to stay out of the Belt and Road Initiative, considering the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and China's attempts to increase its influence in the Indo-Pacific region.

Kaynakça

  • “Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of India and the Government of the People’s Republic of China on Confidence-Building Measures in the Military Field Along the Line of Actual Control in the India-China Border Areas” https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/CN%20IN_961129_Agreement%20between%20China%20and%20India.pdf (Erişim:18.12.2020).
  • “Agreement Between the Republic of India and the People’s Republic of China on Trade and Intercourse between Tibet Region of China and India” http://www.commonlii.org/in/other/treaties/INTSer/1954/5.html (Erişim: 24.12.2020). Adhia, N. (2015). “The History of Economic Development in India since Independence” Association for Asian Studies, 20 (3): 18-22.
  • Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Dışişleri Bakanlığı Politik – Askeri İlişkiler Bürosu, 20 Ocak 2021, “U.S. Security Cooperation With India” https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-india/ (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Anadolu Ajansı (16 Mayıs 2017) “Kuşak ve Yol Forumu’nun ardından” https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/kusak-ve-yol-forumunun-ardindan/819306 (Erişim:03.02.2020).
  • Asya Kalkınma Bankası (2017) “Meeting Asia’s Infrastructure Needs”. https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/227496/special-report-infrastructure.pdf (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Asya Altyapı Yatırım Bankası https://www.aiib.org/en/index.html (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Athwal, A. (2007) China – India Relations: Contemporary Dynamics. New York: Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series.
  • Ayhan, S. İ. (2014). “Çin – Hindistan Sınır Anlaşmazlığının Çözümünü Engelleyen Faktörler” Barış Araştırmaları ve Çatışma Çözümleri Dergisi, 2(2), 81-99.
  • Balaam, D.N. ve Dillman, B. (2018) Uluslararası Ekonomi Politiğe Giriş. (2.bs.) (N. Uslu, Çev.). Ankara: Adres Yayınları
  • Bajpaee, C. (2015) “China – India: Regional Dimensions of the Bilateral Relationship” Strategic Studies Quarterly, 9(4), 108-145.
  • Boon, H.T. (2016). “The Hedging Prong in India’s Evolving China Strategy”. Journal of Contemporary China. DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2016.1160527
  • Boon, H.T. ve Ong, G.K.H. (2021). Military dominance in Pakistan and China – Pakistan Relations” Australian Journal of International Affairs. 75 (1): 80-102.
  • Buchan, P.G. ve Rimland, B. (2020) “Defining the Diamond: The Past, Present, and Future of the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue” Center for Strategic and International Studies BRIEFS. https://www.csis.org/analysis/defining-diamond-past-present-and-future-quadrilateral-security-dialogue (Erişim: 07.02.2021).
  • Cai, K.G. (2018) “The One Belt One Road and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Beijing’s New Strategy of Geoeconomics and Geopolitics” Journal of Contemporary China. 27 (114), 831-847.
  • Chen, D. (2018). “The Indo – Pacific Strategy: A Background Anaysis” ISPI Commentary. https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicazione/indo-pacific-strategy-background-analysis-20714 (Erişim: 07.02.2021).
  • Dünya Bankası Veri Tabanı https://data.worldbank.org/ (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Dünya Entegre Ticaret Çözümü (World Integrated Trade Solution – WITS) https://wits.worldbank.org/countrysnapshot/en/IND/textview (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Gilpin, R. (2001) Global Political Economy: Understanding the International Economic Order. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Goh, E. (2006). “Understanding ‘Hedging’ in Asia-Pacific Security”. PacNet No.43 http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/pac0643.pdf (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Goldman, R. (2020, 17 Haziran). India-China Border Dispute: A Conflict Explained. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/17/world/asia/india-china-border-clashes.html (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Hailin, Y. (2018). “Modi’s “Issue – by – Issue” Diplomacy with China” Strategic Studies, 38 (1), 48-65.
  • Haldar, S. (2018) “Mapping Substance in India’s Counter-strategies to China’s Emergent Belt and Road Initiative” Indian Journal of Asian Affairs. 31(1/2), 75-90.
  • Heywood, A. (2016). Küresel Siyaset. (4.bs.) (N. Uslu ve H. Özdemir, Çev.). Ankara: Adres Yayınları
  • Hindistan Kültür Bakanlığı (2021) “Project Mausam” https://www.indiaculture.nic.in/project-mausam (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Hindistan Pekin Büyükelçiliği (2018) “India – China Trade and Economic Relations” https://www.eoibeijing.gov.in/economic-and-trade-relation.php (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Hindistan Savunma Bakanlığı (2015) Ensuring Secure Seas: Indian Maritime Security Strategy. https://indiannavy.nic.in/sites/default/files/Indian_Maritime_Security_Strategy_Document_25Jan16.pdf (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Hindistan Ticaret ve Sanayi Bakanlığı Ticari İstihbarat ve İstatistik Genel Müdürlüğü http://dgciskol.gov.in/ (Erişim: 04.02.2021).
  • Hongyu, W. (1995) “Sino-Indian Relations: Present and Future” Asian Survey. 35 (6), 546-554.
  • Huchet, J.F. (2010) India and China in Central Asia: Mirroring Their Bilateral Relations. M. Laruelle, J.F. Huchet, S. Peyrouse ve B. Balci (Der.) China and India in Central Asia: A New Great Game. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Hürriyet (26 Nisan 2019) “Çin’de Kuşak ve Yol Forumu Başladı” https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/cinde-kusak-ve-yol-forumu-basladi-41195158 (Erişim:03.02.2021).
  • International Monetary Fund (2020). World Economic Outlook Data: 2020 October Edition” https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2020/October (Erişim:03.02.2021).
  • Johnson, C.K. (2016). “President Xi Jinping’s "Belt and Road" Initiative” Center for Strategic & International Studies Raporu. https://www.csis.org/analysis/president-xi-jinping%E2%80%99s-belt-and-road-initiative (Erişim:02.01.2021).
  • Kapoor, M. (2020, 20 Haziran ). Six Things To Know About India-China Economic Relations. BloombergQuint. https://www.bloombergquint.com/economy-finance/six-things-to-know-about-india-china-economic-relations (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Kasım, M. (2020). “Bağımsızlıkları Sonrasında Çin ve Hindistan’ın İkili İlişkilerinin Gelişimi ve Avrasya Stratejileri” Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 24 (3) 547-563.
  • Kesavan, K. V. (2020) “India’s ‘Act East’ policy and regional coopreation” in K.V. Kesavan, et al., “India and South Korea: Exploring New Avenues, Outlining Goals”, ORF Special Report No. 101, February 2020, Observer Research Foundation.
  • Koga, K. (2018). “The Concept of “Hedging” Revisited: The Case of Japan’s Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia’s Power Shift” International Studies Review, 20 (4)
  • Kuik, C.C. (2008). “The Essence of Hedging:Malaysia and Singapore’s Response to a Rising China”. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(2)
  • Kumar, M. (2014). “Impact of Economic Reforms on India” International Journal of Informative and Futuristic Research. 1 (7), 46-53.
  • Li, Z. (2010). “China – India Relations: Strategic Engagement and Challenges” IFRI Center for Asian Studies, Asie Visions 34. https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/asievisions34zhangli.pdf (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Li, Z. (2016). “The Maritime Silk Road and India: The Challenge of Overcoming Cognitive Divergence” Asia Policy. 22, 20-26. (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Mahbubani, K. (2020) “Is China Expansionist?” PRSIM, 9(1), pp.130-139 (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Mohan, C.R (2009). Maritime Power: India and China Turn to Mahan, ISAS Working Paper 71: 1-2. https://www.isas.nus.edu.sg/papers/71-maritime-power-india-and-china-turn-to-mahan/ (Erişim:28.01.2021).
  • Neagle, K. (2020). “Why is China’s Belt and Road Initiative Being Questioned by Japan and India? E-International Relations. https://www.e-ir.info/2020/05/02/why-is-chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-being-questioned-by-japan-and-india/ (Erişim:10.02.2021).
  • NITI Aayog (2021) “International Cooperation – China” https://niti.gov.in/index.php/international-cooperation-china (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (2018) “China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Global Trade, Investment and Financial Lanscape” OECD Business and Financial Outlook. https://www.oecd.org/finance/Chinas-Belt-and-Road-Initiative-in-the-global-trade-investment-and-finance-landscape.pdf (Erişim: 10.02.2021).
  • Pakistan Dışişleri Bakanlığı Resmi İnternet Sitesi (2021) “Pakistan and China Diplomatic Relations” http://mofa.gov.pk/pakistan-and-china-diplomatic-relations/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Passi, R. (2019) “Unpacking Economic Motivations and Non-economic Consequences of Connectivity Infrastructure Under OBOR” Li Xing (Der.) Mapping China’s One Belt One Road Initiative. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Reddy, S. (2018). ‘The Growing BRICS Economies: An INET Series’. Institute for New Economic Thinking, 12.04.2018. https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/the-growing-brics-economies-an-inet-series
  • Reeves, J. ve Wallis, J. (2020). “ A Free and Open Indo – Pacific: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities for Engagement” The National Bureau of Asian Research, Asian Policy 15 (4). https://www.nbr.org/publication/a-free-and-open-indo-pacific-strengths-weaknesses-and-opportunities-for-engagement-introduction/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Sachdeva, G. (2018). “Indian Perceptions of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative” International Studies. 55 (4), 285-296.
  • Scott, D. (2019) “China’s Indo-Pacific Strategy: The Problems of Success” The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies. 6 (2), 94-113.
  • Sikri, R. (2011) “The Tibet Factor in India – China Relations” Journal of International Affairs. 64 (2): 55-71.
  • Stuenkel, O. (2015). The BRICS and the Future of Global Order. Lanham: Lexington Books.
  • Tamer, C. (2021) “Jeopolitik Güç Mücadelesinin Terminolojisi: “Asya – Pasifik” mi “ Hint – Pasifik” mi?” ANKASAM. https://www.ankasam.org/jeopolitik-guc-mucadelesinin-terminolojisi-asya-pasifik-mi-hint-pasifik-mi/ (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • UN Comtrade database https://comtrade.un.org/data (Erişim: 18.12.2020).
  • Wolff, P. (2016) China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative—Challenges and Opportunities. German Development Institute, Bonn. https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/Belt_and_Road_V1.pdf (Erişim: 08.02.2021).
  • Wu, F. (2019). “India’s Pragmatic Foreign Policy toward China’s BRI and AIIB: Struggling for Relative and Absolute Gains”. Journal of Contemporary China, DOI: 10.1080/10670564.2019.164548
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Onur Kaya 0000-0002-4060-8438

Emine Akçadağ Alagöz 0000-0001-5430-9298

Yayımlanma Tarihi 9 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, O., & Akçadağ Alagöz, E. (2022). Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, 9(1), 229-260. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.913308
AMA Kaya O, Akçadağ Alagöz E. Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. Şubat 2022;9(1):229-260. doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.913308
Chicago Kaya, Onur, ve Emine Akçadağ Alagöz. “Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9, sy. 1 (Şubat 2022): 229-60. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.913308.
EndNote Kaya O, Akçadağ Alagöz E (01 Şubat 2022) Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9 1 229–260.
IEEE O. Kaya ve E. Akçadağ Alagöz, “Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı”, TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, ss. 229–260, 2022, doi: 10.30626/tesamakademi.913308.
ISNAD Kaya, Onur - Akçadağ Alagöz, Emine. “Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi 9/1 (Şubat 2022), 229-260. https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.913308.
JAMA Kaya O, Akçadağ Alagöz E. Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2022;9:229–260.
MLA Kaya, Onur ve Emine Akçadağ Alagöz. “Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak Ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı”. TESAM Akademi Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 229-60, doi:10.30626/tesamakademi.913308.
Vancouver Kaya O, Akçadağ Alagöz E. Hedging Stratejisi Çerçevesinde Hindistan’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne Yaklaşımı. TESAM Akademi Dergisi. 2022;9(1):229-60.