İmalat Sanayi Firmalarında Ürün İnovasyonuna Etki Eden Faktörler: Türkiye Örneği

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 23 - 46, 09.02.2022

Cem Okan Tuncel , Deniz Oktay

https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.933061

Öz

Bu çalışma Türk imalat sanayinde ürün inovasyonunun firma düzeyindeki belirleyicilerini araştırmaktadır. İnovasyon firma performansını ve uzun dönem makro iktisadi büyümeyi doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ürün inovasyonu mal ve hizmet kalitesi ile çeşitliliğini artırmakla birlikte yeni piyasalar açmakta ve yeni iş alanları yaratmaktadır. İnovasyonun firma düzeyindeki kaynaklarının anlaşılması daha yenilikçi endüstriler için gerekli politikaların geliştirilmesine olanak sağlayacaktır. Dünya Bankası’nın 2015 yılına ait Girişim Anketi veri setinden alınan 1.085 firmadan oluşan bir örneklem kullanılarak ulaşılan sonuçlar Türk imalat sanayinde piyasa yapısı ile firmaların ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıkları arasında ters U ilişkisinin olduğunu, yani olumsuz etkiyi gösteren Schumpeteryan etki ile olumlu etkiyi gösteren rekabetten kaçış etkisinin bir arada gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca verimlilik açığı ile ürün inovasyonu arasında negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçları Ar&Ge faaliyeti yürüten firmaların ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıklarının arttığını, patent sahibi firmaların da ürün inovasyonu yapma olasılıklarının daha yükek olduğunu göstermektedir. Kamu desteği almış firmaların inovasyon yapma olasılıklarının %10,6 daha fazla olduğu, ihracat yoğunluğu arttıkça inovasyon olasılığının arttığı görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İnovasyon, Ürün İnovasyonu, İnovasyonun Belirleyicileri, İmalat Sanayi

Destekleyen Kurum

Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

HDP(İ)-2020/16

Factors Affecting Product Innovation in Manufacturing Firms: The Turkish Case

Öz

This study investigates the firm-level determinants of product innovation in the Turkish manufacturing industry. Innovation affects firm performance and long-run macroeconomic growth directly. Product innovation increases the quality and variety of goods and services, opens new markets, and creates new jobs. Understanding firm-level determinants of innovation opens up an opportunity to develop policies for more innovative industries. Using a sample of 1,085 firms from the World Bank’s 2015 Enterprise Survey dataset, the results show that the relation between firms’ probability of being product innovator with market structure has an inverse-U shape which means combining effects of the Schumpeterian effect, which shows the negative effect, and escape-competition effect, which shows the positive effect, in the Turkish manufacturing industry. Also, it is found that there is a negative relation between the productivity gap and product innovation. The research results show that the firms carrying out R&D activities are more likely to make product innovation, and the patent holder companies are more likely to make product innovation. It is observed that firms that have received public support are 10.6% more likely to innovate, and as the export intensity increases, the probability of innovation increases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Innovation, Product Innovation, Determinants of Innovation, Manufacturing Industry

Proje Numarası

HDP(İ)-2020/16

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