Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Dönemde Orta Asya’da Jeopolitik Değişimler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 75 - 91, 31.01.2023

Mehmet Seyfettin Erol Şafak Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.30626/tesamakademi.1077211

Öz

Eurasia has been regarded as the most important region that must be controlled by any power that aims to dominate the world, according to the geostrategists who shaped Eurasian policies for their countries. The UK and Germany have developed their policies for the region based on the views of their geostrategists before the Cold War. The US focused on containing Soviet Union shaping its policy based on the principles of these theories during the Cold War. In the early post-Cold war era, the US intensified its engagement with Central Asian states mainly with economic motivation. September 11 attacks provided an opportunity for the US to increase its influence as well as bolstering military deployment in the Central Asia. Russia led by Putin, especially after the consolidation of its power, however, has changed the balance of power in the region, especially in former Soviet Union territories, and did not lose the control of “Hearthland”. This paper analyses changes in the geopolitics of Central Asia in the post-Cold War era and, argues that theories such as “Hearthland” still keep their importance in Eurasia politics. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Eurasia, Heartland, Rimland, Central Asia, 9/11 Attacks

Changes in the Geopolitics of Central Asia in the Post-Cold War Era

Öz

Kendi devletlerinin politikalarını şekillendiren jeostratejistlere göre, dünyaya hâkim olunması için Avrasya, kontrol edilmesi gereken en önemli bölge olarak tanımlanmıştır. Soğuk Savaş öncesi dönemde Birleşik Krallık ve Almanya, bölgeye yönelik politikalarını kendi vatandaşı olan jeostratejistlerin görüşleri doğrultusunda geliştirmişlerdir. Soğuk Savaş döneminde ABD, bölgeye yönelik politikasını bu prensipler ışığında belirleyerek Sovyetler Birliği’ni çevreleme politikası gütmüştür. Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemin ilk bölümünde ise daha çok ekonomik faktörleri göz önüne alarak Orta Asya devletleri ile ilişkilerini artırmıştır. 11 Eylül saldırıları ABD’ye bölgede etkisini artırma ve Orta Asya devletlerine askeri üsler kurarak askeri varlığını artırma imkanı vermiştir. Ancak Putin liderliğindeki Rusya, Putin’in siyasi gücünü pekiştirmesinden sonra bölgede özellikle de eski Sovyetler Birliği topraklarındaki güç dengesini değiştirmiş ve Kalpgah’ın kontrolünü kaybetmemiştir. Bu çalışma Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Orta Asya jeopolitiğindeki değişimleri incelemekte ve Kalpgah gibi teorilerin hala Avrasya politikasında önemini koruduğunu öne sürmektedir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrasya, Kalpgah, Kenar Kuşak, Orta Asya, 11 Eylül Saldırıları

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