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The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Yıl 2024, , 56 - 79, 15.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253

Öz

The efficiency of conventional and participation banks in Türkiye between 2011 and 2016 is examined in this research using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The primary goals of this research are the analysis of the Turkish banking system's cost-effectiveness, a comparison of the efficacy of conventional and participation banks. The empirical research was based on a sample that included panel data for three participation banks and 23 commercial banks that had been in operation continuously. The one-step approach permits control of firm- and country-specific variables as well as Shariah-compliant banking directly in the estimated frontier, allowing any differences in technology and output that are caused by differences in the two banking systems' operational characteristics. According to the SFA statistics, participation banks are less efficient than regular banks overall. According to the findings, inflation and interest rates are statistically significant for the chosen external factors and negatively affect Turkish banks' cost-effectiveness, particularly between 2012 and 2014.

Kaynakça

  • Abdul-Majid, Saal M., D. S. and Battisti G. (2010). Efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking: an international comparison. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 34(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-009-0165-3
  • Ahmad, S. and Rahim Abdul Rahman, A. (2012). The efficiency of Islamic and conventional commercial banks in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(3), 241-263. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391211255223
  • Ahmad, W. and Luo, R. H. (2010). Comparison of banking efficiency in Europe: Islamic versus conventional banks. International Finance Review, 11, 361-389.
  • Aigner, D. J., Lovell C. A. K. and Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5 Altunbaş, Y., Gardener, E. P., Molyneux, P. and Moore, B. (2001). Efficiency in European banking. European Economic Review, 45(10), 1931-1955.
  • Assaf, A. G., Matousek, R. and Tsionas, E. G. (2013). Turkish bank efficiency: Bayesian estimation with undesirable outputs. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.009
  • Aysan, F. A. and Ceyhan, S. P. (2008). What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The case of Türkiye. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(7), 1593-1602.
  • Bader, M. K. I., Mohamad, S., Ariff, M. and Hassan, T. (2008). Cost, revenue, and profit efficiency of Islamic versus conventional banks: International evidence using data envelopment analysis. Islamic Economic Studies, 15(2), 23-76.
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2013, June). Banks in Türkiye – 2012 (Yayın no.295). https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/Content/Upload/istatistikiraporlar/ekler/358/Turkish_Economy_and_Banking_System_2012.pdf
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2016). The banking sector in Türkiye 1960-2015. https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/banks-and-banking-sector-information/statistical-reports/20
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2017, June). Banks in Türkiye – 2016 (Yayın no.322). https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/Content/Upload/Dokuman/139/banks_in_turkey_2016.pdf
  • Batir, T. E., Volkman, D. A. and Gungor, B. (2017). Determinants of bank efficiency in Turkey: Participation banks versus conventional banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 17(2), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.02.003
  • Battese, G. and Coelli, T. (1992). Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data: With application to paddy farmers in India. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3(1-2), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158774
  • Battese, G. and Coelli, T. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20(2), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205442
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Benston, G. (1965). Branch banking and economies of scale. The Journal of Finance, 20(2), 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00212.x
  • Berger, A. N. and Mester, L. J. (1997). Beyond the black box: The impact of liberalization on the productive efficiency of Indian commercial banks. Journal of Banking and Finance, 21, 895-947.
  • CBRT - The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. (2017). Financial stability report (Vol. 24.). https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/9531ac4d-49d0-405b-bfd1-b162d358850d/fulltext24.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-9531ac4d-49d0-405b-bfd1-b162d358850d-m3fw7CH
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
  • Chiaramonte, L. and Casu, B. (2017). Capital and liquidity ratios and financial distress. Evidence from the European banking industry. The British Accounting Review, 49(2), 138-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2016.04.001
  • Coelli, T., Rao, D. S. P. and Battese, G. E. (1998). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Delis, M. D., Koutsomanoli-Filippaki, A., Staikouras, C. K. and Gerogiannaki, K (2009). Evaluating cost and profit efficiency: A comparison of parametric and nonparametric methodologies. Applied Financial Economics, 19, 191-202.
  • Demir, N., Mahmun, N. and Babuşçu, S. (2005). The technical inefficiency effect of Turkish banks after financial liberalization. The Developing Economies, 43(3), 396–411.
  • Denizer, C., Dinç, M. and Tarımcılar, M. (2007). Financial liberalization and banking efficiency: evidence from Türkiye. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 27, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0035-9
  • Dizkırıcı, A. S. (2012). Considering İstanbul as a financial center: targets, following steps. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(18), 69- 77.
  • Eisenbeis, R. A., Ferrier, G. D. and Kwan, S. H. (1999). The informativeness of stochastic frontier and programming frontier efficiency scores: cost efficiency and other measures of bank holding company performance. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper, 99–123.
  • El-Gamal, M. A. and İnanoğlu, H. (2005). Inefficiency and heterogeneity in Turkish banking: 1990–2000. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20(5), 641-664.
  • Ertuğrul, A. and Zaim, O. (1999). Economic crises and efficiency in Turkish banking industry. METU Studies in Development, 26(1-2), 99-116.
  • Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, 120, 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100
  • Fethi, M. D. and Pasiouras, F. (2010). Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: A survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 204(2), 189-198.
  • Fukuyama, H. and Matousek, R. (2011). Efficiency of Turkish banking: Two-stage network system. Variable returns to scale model. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions, and Money, 21(1), 75-91.
  • Goddard, J., Liu, H., Molyneux, P. and Wilson, J. (2013). Do bank profits converge?. European Financial Management, 19(2), 345-365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036X.2010.00578.x
  • Güner, Ü. and Yılmaz, A. (2021). Actual phenomenons of social sciences. Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Hardy, L. (2012). The evolution of participation banking in Türkiye. Online Journal on Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization, 1-15.
  • Hassan, K. M. (2006). The X-efficiency in Islamic Banks. Islamic Economic Studies, 13(2), 49-78.
  • Hassan, T., Mohamad, S. and Bader, M. K. I. (2009). Efficiency of conventional versus Islamic banks: evidence from the Middle East. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2(1), 46-65.
  • Işık, I. and Hassan, M. K. (2002). Cost and profit efficiency of the Turkish banking industry: An empirical investigation. Financial Review, 37(2), 257-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6288.00014
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M. and Pappas, V. (2009). The efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: An analysis using financial ratios and data envelopment analysis. Lancaster University Management School, Working Papers Series, (23), 1-43.
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M. and Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004-2009. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 103, 93-107.
  • Kasman, A. (2002). Cost efficiency, scale economies, and technological progress in Turkish banking. Central Bank Review, 1, 1-20.
  • Kodde, D. and Palm, F. (1986). Wald Criteria for jointly testing equality and inequality restrictions. Econometrica, 54(5), 1243. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912331
  • Kosmidou, K. (2008). The determinants of banks profit in Greece during the period of EU financial integration. Managerial Finance, 34(3), 146-159.
  • Kumbhakar, S. C. and Lovell, C. A. K. (2000). Stochastic frontier analysis: an econometric approach. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kumbhakar, S. C., Wang, H.–J. and Horncastle, A. P. (2015). A practitioner’s guide to stochastic frontier analysis using stata. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwan, S. and Eisenbeis, R. (1997). Bank risk, capitalization and operating efficiency. Journal of Financial Services Research, 12, 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007970618648
  • Leibenstein, H. (1966). Allocative efficiency vs. X-Efficiency. American Economic Association, 56(3), 392-415.
  • Maudos, J., Pastor, J. M., Perez, F. and Quesada, J. (2002). Cost and profit efficiency in European banks. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 12(1), 33-58.
  • Meeusen, W. and van Den Broeck, J. (1977). Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18(2), 435-444.
  • Öniş, Z. (1995). The effect of financial liberalization on the efficiency of Turkish commercial banks. Applied Financial Economics, 5, 257-264.
  • Özkan-Günay, E. and Tektaş, A. (2006). Efficiency analysis of the Turkish banking sector in pre-crisis and crisis period: A DEA approach. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(3), 418-431.
  • Özkan-Günay, E. N. (2012). Risk incorporation and efficiency in emerging market banks during the global crisis: evidence from Türkiye, 2002-2009. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 48(5), 91-102.
  • Pasiouras, F., Tanna, S. and Zopounidis, C. (2009). The impact of banking regulations on banks’ cost and profit efficiency: Cross-country evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 18, 294–302.
  • PBAT - The Participation Banks Association of Türkiye. (2015, March). Turkish participation banking strategy document (Yayın No. 5). https://yonetim.tkbb.org.tr/upload/T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE%20KATILIM%20BANKACILI%C4%9EI%20STRATEJ%C4%B0%20BELGES%C4%B0%202015-2025.pdf
  • PBAT - The Participation Banks Association of Türkiye. (2017). The participation banks association of Türkiye open data. https://yonetim.tkbb.org.tr/upload/KATILIM%20BANKALARI%202017.pdf
  • Saaid, A. E., Rosly, S. A., Ibrahim, M. H. and Abdullah, N. (2003). The X-efficiency of the Sudanese Islamic Banks. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 11(2), 123-141.
  • Saltoğlu, B. (2012). Turkish banking sector current status and the future challenges. Atlantic Economic Journal, 41(1), 75-86.
  • Sealey Jr, C. W. and Lindley, J. T. (1977). Inputs, outputs, and a theory of production and cost at depository financial institutions. The Journal of Finance, 32(4), 1251-1266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03324.x
  • Sillah, B. M. and Harrathi, N. (2015). Bank efficiency analysis: Islamic banks versus conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries 2006-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(4), 143-150.
  • Srairi, S. (2009). A comparison of the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks: The case of GCC countries. Bankers, Markets, and Investors, 98, 16-27.
  • Yıldırım, C. (2002). Evolution of banking efficiency within an unstable macroeconomic environment: The case of Turkish commercial banks. Applied Economics, 34, 2289-2301.
  • Yıldırım, H. S. and Philippatos, G. C. (2007). Efficiency of banks: Recent evidence from the transition economies of Europe, 1993–2000. The European Journal of Finance, 13, 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518470600763687
  • Yılmaz, A. and Güneş, N. (2015). Efficiency comparison of participation and conventional banking sectors in Türkiye between 2007-2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 383-392.
  • Zuhroh, I., Ismail, M. and Maskie, G. (2015). Cost efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia – A stochastic frontier analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1122-1131.

Türkiye'de İslami ve Geleneksel Bankacılığın Etkinliği: Stokastik Sınır Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2024, , 56 - 79, 15.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253

Öz

Bu araştırmada 2011-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye'deki konvansiyonel ve katılım bankaların etkinliği stokastik sınır analizi (SFA) kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, Türk bankacılık sisteminin maliyet etkinliğinin analizi, konvansiyonel ve katılım bankaların etkinliğinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Ampirik araştırma, sürekli faaliyette olan üç katılım bankası ve 23 ticari banka için panel verileri içeren bir örneğe dayanmaktadır. Tek adımlı yaklaşım, iki bankacılık sisteminin operasyonel özelliklerindeki farklılıklardan kaynaklanan teknoloji ve çıktı farklılıklarına izin vererek, tahmin edilen sınırda doğrudan Şer'i uyumlu bankacılığın yanı sıra bankaya ve ülkeye özgü değişkenlerin kontrolüne izin vermektedir. SFA analiz sonuçlarına göre, katılım bankaları genel olarak normal bankalardan daha az verimlidir. Bulgulara göre, enflasyon ve faiz oranları seçilen dış faktörler için istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır ve özellikle 2012-2014 yılları arasında Türk bankalarının maliyet etkinliğini olumsuz etkilemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (Ministry of National Education of Türkiye)

Teşekkür

Prof. Dr. Ümit Güner, Prof. Dr. Yasemin Deniz Koç ve Doç. Dr. Özer Özçelik

Kaynakça

  • Abdul-Majid, Saal M., D. S. and Battisti G. (2010). Efficiency in Islamic and conventional banking: an international comparison. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 34(1), 25-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-009-0165-3
  • Ahmad, S. and Rahim Abdul Rahman, A. (2012). The efficiency of Islamic and conventional commercial banks in Malaysia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 5(3), 241-263. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538391211255223
  • Ahmad, W. and Luo, R. H. (2010). Comparison of banking efficiency in Europe: Islamic versus conventional banks. International Finance Review, 11, 361-389.
  • Aigner, D. J., Lovell C. A. K. and Schmidt, P. (1977). Formulation and estimation of stochastic frontier production function models. Journal of Econometrics, 6, 21-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(77)90052-5 Altunbaş, Y., Gardener, E. P., Molyneux, P. and Moore, B. (2001). Efficiency in European banking. European Economic Review, 45(10), 1931-1955.
  • Assaf, A. G., Matousek, R. and Tsionas, E. G. (2013). Turkish bank efficiency: Bayesian estimation with undesirable outputs. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 506-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.009
  • Aysan, F. A. and Ceyhan, S. P. (2008). What determines the banking sector performance in globalized financial markets? The case of Türkiye. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 387(7), 1593-1602.
  • Bader, M. K. I., Mohamad, S., Ariff, M. and Hassan, T. (2008). Cost, revenue, and profit efficiency of Islamic versus conventional banks: International evidence using data envelopment analysis. Islamic Economic Studies, 15(2), 23-76.
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2013, June). Banks in Türkiye – 2012 (Yayın no.295). https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/Content/Upload/istatistikiraporlar/ekler/358/Turkish_Economy_and_Banking_System_2012.pdf
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2016). The banking sector in Türkiye 1960-2015. https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/banks-and-banking-sector-information/statistical-reports/20
  • BAT - The Bank Association of Türkiye. (2017, June). Banks in Türkiye – 2016 (Yayın no.322). https://www.tbb.org.tr/en/Content/Upload/Dokuman/139/banks_in_turkey_2016.pdf
  • Batir, T. E., Volkman, D. A. and Gungor, B. (2017). Determinants of bank efficiency in Turkey: Participation banks versus conventional banks. Borsa Istanbul Review, 17(2), 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.02.003
  • Battese, G. and Coelli, T. (1992). Frontier production functions, technical efficiency and panel data: With application to paddy farmers in India. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 3(1-2), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00158774
  • Battese, G. and Coelli, T. (1995). A model for technical inefficiency effects in a stochastic frontier production function for panel data. Empirical Economics, 20(2), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01205442
  • Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and Merrouche, O. (2013). Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability. Journal of Banking and Finance, 37(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2012.09.016
  • Benston, G. (1965). Branch banking and economies of scale. The Journal of Finance, 20(2), 312-331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1965.tb00212.x
  • Berger, A. N. and Mester, L. J. (1997). Beyond the black box: The impact of liberalization on the productive efficiency of Indian commercial banks. Journal of Banking and Finance, 21, 895-947.
  • CBRT - The Central Bank of the Republic of Türkiye. (2017). Financial stability report (Vol. 24.). https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/9531ac4d-49d0-405b-bfd1-b162d358850d/fulltext24.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ROOTWORKSPACE-9531ac4d-49d0-405b-bfd1-b162d358850d-m3fw7CH
  • Charnes, A., Cooper, W. and Rhodes, E. (1978). Measuring the efficiency of decision-making units. European Journal of Operational Research, 2(6), 429-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8
  • Chiaramonte, L. and Casu, B. (2017). Capital and liquidity ratios and financial distress. Evidence from the European banking industry. The British Accounting Review, 49(2), 138-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2016.04.001
  • Coelli, T., Rao, D. S. P. and Battese, G. E. (1998). An introduction to efficiency and productivity analysis. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Delis, M. D., Koutsomanoli-Filippaki, A., Staikouras, C. K. and Gerogiannaki, K (2009). Evaluating cost and profit efficiency: A comparison of parametric and nonparametric methodologies. Applied Financial Economics, 19, 191-202.
  • Demir, N., Mahmun, N. and Babuşçu, S. (2005). The technical inefficiency effect of Turkish banks after financial liberalization. The Developing Economies, 43(3), 396–411.
  • Denizer, C., Dinç, M. and Tarımcılar, M. (2007). Financial liberalization and banking efficiency: evidence from Türkiye. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 27, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11123-007-0035-9
  • Dizkırıcı, A. S. (2012). Considering İstanbul as a financial center: targets, following steps. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(18), 69- 77.
  • Eisenbeis, R. A., Ferrier, G. D. and Kwan, S. H. (1999). The informativeness of stochastic frontier and programming frontier efficiency scores: cost efficiency and other measures of bank holding company performance. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Working Paper, 99–123.
  • El-Gamal, M. A. and İnanoğlu, H. (2005). Inefficiency and heterogeneity in Turkish banking: 1990–2000. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20(5), 641-664.
  • Ertuğrul, A. and Zaim, O. (1999). Economic crises and efficiency in Turkish banking industry. METU Studies in Development, 26(1-2), 99-116.
  • Farrell, M. J. (1957). The measurement of productive efficiency. Journal of Royal Statistical Society, 120, 253-281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2343100
  • Fethi, M. D. and Pasiouras, F. (2010). Assessing bank efficiency and performance with operational research and artificial intelligence techniques: A survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 204(2), 189-198.
  • Fukuyama, H. and Matousek, R. (2011). Efficiency of Turkish banking: Two-stage network system. Variable returns to scale model. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions, and Money, 21(1), 75-91.
  • Goddard, J., Liu, H., Molyneux, P. and Wilson, J. (2013). Do bank profits converge?. European Financial Management, 19(2), 345-365. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036X.2010.00578.x
  • Güner, Ü. and Yılmaz, A. (2021). Actual phenomenons of social sciences. Ekin Yayınevi.
  • Hardy, L. (2012). The evolution of participation banking in Türkiye. Online Journal on Southwest Asia and Islamic Civilization, 1-15.
  • Hassan, K. M. (2006). The X-efficiency in Islamic Banks. Islamic Economic Studies, 13(2), 49-78.
  • Hassan, T., Mohamad, S. and Bader, M. K. I. (2009). Efficiency of conventional versus Islamic banks: evidence from the Middle East. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 2(1), 46-65.
  • Işık, I. and Hassan, M. K. (2002). Cost and profit efficiency of the Turkish banking industry: An empirical investigation. Financial Review, 37(2), 257-279. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6288.00014
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M. and Pappas, V. (2009). The efficiency of Islamic and conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: An analysis using financial ratios and data envelopment analysis. Lancaster University Management School, Working Papers Series, (23), 1-43.
  • Johnes, J., Izzeldin, M. and Pappas, V. (2014). A comparison of performance of Islamic and conventional banks 2004-2009. Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, 103, 93-107.
  • Kasman, A. (2002). Cost efficiency, scale economies, and technological progress in Turkish banking. Central Bank Review, 1, 1-20.
  • Kodde, D. and Palm, F. (1986). Wald Criteria for jointly testing equality and inequality restrictions. Econometrica, 54(5), 1243. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912331
  • Kosmidou, K. (2008). The determinants of banks profit in Greece during the period of EU financial integration. Managerial Finance, 34(3), 146-159.
  • Kumbhakar, S. C. and Lovell, C. A. K. (2000). Stochastic frontier analysis: an econometric approach. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kumbhakar, S. C., Wang, H.–J. and Horncastle, A. P. (2015). A practitioner’s guide to stochastic frontier analysis using stata. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kwan, S. and Eisenbeis, R. (1997). Bank risk, capitalization and operating efficiency. Journal of Financial Services Research, 12, 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007970618648
  • Leibenstein, H. (1966). Allocative efficiency vs. X-Efficiency. American Economic Association, 56(3), 392-415.
  • Maudos, J., Pastor, J. M., Perez, F. and Quesada, J. (2002). Cost and profit efficiency in European banks. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 12(1), 33-58.
  • Meeusen, W. and van Den Broeck, J. (1977). Efficiency estimation from Cobb-Douglas production functions with composed error. International Economic Review, 18(2), 435-444.
  • Öniş, Z. (1995). The effect of financial liberalization on the efficiency of Turkish commercial banks. Applied Financial Economics, 5, 257-264.
  • Özkan-Günay, E. and Tektaş, A. (2006). Efficiency analysis of the Turkish banking sector in pre-crisis and crisis period: A DEA approach. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(3), 418-431.
  • Özkan-Günay, E. N. (2012). Risk incorporation and efficiency in emerging market banks during the global crisis: evidence from Türkiye, 2002-2009. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 48(5), 91-102.
  • Pasiouras, F., Tanna, S. and Zopounidis, C. (2009). The impact of banking regulations on banks’ cost and profit efficiency: Cross-country evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 18, 294–302.
  • PBAT - The Participation Banks Association of Türkiye. (2015, March). Turkish participation banking strategy document (Yayın No. 5). https://yonetim.tkbb.org.tr/upload/T%C3%9CRK%C4%B0YE%20KATILIM%20BANKACILI%C4%9EI%20STRATEJ%C4%B0%20BELGES%C4%B0%202015-2025.pdf
  • PBAT - The Participation Banks Association of Türkiye. (2017). The participation banks association of Türkiye open data. https://yonetim.tkbb.org.tr/upload/KATILIM%20BANKALARI%202017.pdf
  • Saaid, A. E., Rosly, S. A., Ibrahim, M. H. and Abdullah, N. (2003). The X-efficiency of the Sudanese Islamic Banks. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 11(2), 123-141.
  • Saltoğlu, B. (2012). Turkish banking sector current status and the future challenges. Atlantic Economic Journal, 41(1), 75-86.
  • Sealey Jr, C. W. and Lindley, J. T. (1977). Inputs, outputs, and a theory of production and cost at depository financial institutions. The Journal of Finance, 32(4), 1251-1266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1977.tb03324.x
  • Sillah, B. M. and Harrathi, N. (2015). Bank efficiency analysis: Islamic banks versus conventional banks in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries 2006-2012. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(4), 143-150.
  • Srairi, S. (2009). A comparison of the profitability of Islamic and conventional banks: The case of GCC countries. Bankers, Markets, and Investors, 98, 16-27.
  • Yıldırım, C. (2002). Evolution of banking efficiency within an unstable macroeconomic environment: The case of Turkish commercial banks. Applied Economics, 34, 2289-2301.
  • Yıldırım, H. S. and Philippatos, G. C. (2007). Efficiency of banks: Recent evidence from the transition economies of Europe, 1993–2000. The European Journal of Finance, 13, 123–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518470600763687
  • Yılmaz, A. and Güneş, N. (2015). Efficiency comparison of participation and conventional banking sectors in Türkiye between 2007-2013. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 383-392.
  • Zuhroh, I., Ismail, M. and Maskie, G. (2015). Cost efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia – A stochastic frontier analysis. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 1122-1131.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Para-Bankacılık
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Çağlar Hamarat 0000-0001-7469-9983

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Şubat 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Şubat 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Hamarat, Ç. (2024). The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, 5(1), 56-79. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253
AMA Hamarat Ç. The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. TEYD. Şubat 2024;5(1):56-79. doi:10.58702/teyd.1341253
Chicago Hamarat, Çağlar. “The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi 5, sy. 1 (Şubat 2024): 56-79. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253.
EndNote Hamarat Ç (01 Şubat 2024) The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 5 1 56–79.
IEEE Ç. Hamarat, “The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach”, TEYD, c. 5, sy. 1, ss. 56–79, 2024, doi: 10.58702/teyd.1341253.
ISNAD Hamarat, Çağlar. “The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach”. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 5/1 (Şubat 2024), 56-79. https://doi.org/10.58702/teyd.1341253.
JAMA Hamarat Ç. The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. TEYD. 2024;5:56–79.
MLA Hamarat, Çağlar. “The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, c. 5, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 56-79, doi:10.58702/teyd.1341253.
Vancouver Hamarat Ç. The Efficiency of Participation and Conventional Banking in Turkiye: A Stochastic Frontier Approach. TEYD. 2024;5(1):56-79.