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COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 21, 20.06.2022

Gül Senir

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Çin, ABD, İngiltere ve Türkiye özelinde Covid-19 salgınının e-ticarete etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın amacına yönelik olarak hem Türkiye’deki hem de yabancı literatürdeki çalışmalar literatür taraması ile araştırılarak derlenmiştir. Makalelerin taranmasında Google Scholar, Emerald eJournals Premier, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, JSTOR ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarından faydalanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Covid-19 salgınında Türkiye, Çin, Amerika ve İngiltere’nin e-ticaret hacminin arttığı ve bu artış trendinin 2021 yılından itibaren 2022 ve 2023 yıllarında da devam edeceği tahmin edilmekte olup, tüketicilerin e-ticaret alışverişlerindeki ürün tercihlerinin değiştiği gözlenmiştir. Covid-19 salgın sürecinde Türkiye ve Çin’de gıda ve taze ürünlerin; İngiltere’de giyim, ayakkabı ve aksesuar ürünlerinin tercih edildiği; Amerika’da ise Covid-19 salgınından sonraki dönemde takı, aksesuar ve kişisel bakım ürünlerinin satışlarının diğer ürün kategorilerine göre artış göstereceği beklenmektedir. Covid-19 salgınının etkilerinin 2021 yılında da devam edeceği tüketici davranışlarında kalıcı değişim ve dönüşümlerin tetikleneceği ve salgın devam ettikçe tüketicilerin fiziksel mağazalardan online alışverişe yöneleceği tahmin edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Salgını E-Ticaret Tüketici Davranışı

Kaynakça

  • Alfonso, V., Boar, C., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., ve Liu, J. (2021). E-commerce in the pandemic and beyond. BIS Bulletin, (36), 1-5.
  • Andrienko, O. (2020). E-commerce & consumer trends during coronavirus from. Erişim adresi: https://www.semrush.com/blog/ecommerce-covid-19/, (25.01.2021).
  • Bayır, T. (2021). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ile yeni dijital dünyada değişen tüketici tercihleri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17 (Pandemi Özel Sayısı), 145-164.
  • Bhatti, A., Akram, H., Basit, H. M., Khan, A. U., Raza, S. M., ve Naqvi, M. B. (2020). E-commerce trends during Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(2), 1449-1452.
  • Chang, H. H., ve Meyerhoefer, C. D. (2020). Covid‐19 and the demand for online food shopping services: Empirical evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 103(2), 448-465.
  • Conway, M. W., Salon, D., da Silva, D. C., ve Mirtich, L. (2020). How will the Covid-19 Pandemic effect the future of urban life? Early evidence from highly-educated respondents in the United States. Urban Science, 4(50), 1-24.
  • Edwards, D. (2020). The impact of Coronavirus on e-commerce with China, Erişim adresi: (https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2020/06/08/the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-e- commerce-with-china/32865/), (20.01.2021).
  • Elrhim, M. A., ve Elsayed, A. (2020). The effect of Covid-19 spread on the e-commerce market: The case of the 5 largest e-commerce companies in the world. Available at SSRN 3621166.
  • Erdoğan, M. G. (2020). Covid-19 döneminde e-ticaret ve dijital reklam yatırımları. Selçuk İletişim, 13(3), 1296-1318.
  • Demirdöğmez, M., Taş, H. Y., ve Gültekin, N. (2020) Koronavirüs’ün (Covid-19) e-ticarete etkileri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(29), 125-145.
  • Dirgantari, P. D., Hidayat, Y. M., Mahphoth, M. H., ve Nugraheni, R. (2020). Level of use and satisfaction of e-commerce customers in Covid-19 Pandemic period: An information system success model (ISSM) approach. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 261-270.
  • Duan, W., Zhu, S., ve Lai, M. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on China’s trade and outward FDI and related countermeasures. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 18(4), 355-364.
  • Duygun, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında tüketicilerin yaşam tarzlarının değerlendirilmesi. Econder International Academic Journal, 4(1), 232-247.
  • Gao, X., Shi, X., Guo, H., ve Liu, Y. (2020). To buy or not buy food online: The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the adoption of e-commerce in China. PloS one, 15(8), 1-14.
  • Ghandour, A., ve Woodford, B. J. (2020). Covid-19 impact on e-commerce in UAE. In 2020 21st International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT), 1-8. IEEE.
  • Güven, H. (2020). Covid-19 sürecinde e-ticaret sitelerine yöneltilen müşteri şikâyetlerinin incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 511-530.
  • Hasanat, M. W., Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Anwar, M., Hamid, A. B. A., ve Tat, H. H. (2020). The impact of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on e-business in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 85-90.
  • He, J., ve Liu, C. (2020). An investigation on the impact of Covid-19 on China’s e-commerce industry. Design Engineering, 11, 443-456.
  • Jones, K. (2020). Covid-19 the pandemic economy: What are shoppers buying online during Covid-19 ?, Erişim adresi: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/shoppers-buying-online-ecommerce-covid-19/, (15.01.2021).
  • Kartal, C., ve Şentürk, E. E. (2020). Covid-19 dönemi tüketici harcamalarındaki değişiklikler, sanayi ve ticari faaliyetler üzerindeki etkileri. 5th International Scientific Research Congress (IBAD - 2020) September 1-2, 2020.
  • Kayabaşı, E. T. (2020). Covid-19’un piyasalara ve tüketici davranışlarına etkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 15-25.
  • Kotler, P., (2020). The consumer in the age of Coronavirus. Journal of Creating Value, 6(1), 12-15.
  • Negreiro, M. (2020). The rise of e-commerce and the cashless society, Erişim adresi: (https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/649341/EPRS_BRI(2020)649341_EN.pdf), (10.02.2021).
  • Kim, R. Y. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on consumers: Preparing for digital sales. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 212-218.
  • Pantelimon, F. V., Georgescu, T. M., ve Posedaru, B. Ş. (2020). The impact of mobile e-commerce on GDP: A comparative analysis between Romania and Germany and how Covid-19 influences the e-commerce activity worldwide. Informatica Economica, 24(2), 27-41.
  • Salem, M. A., ve Nor, K. M. (2020). The effect of Covİd-19 on consumer behaviour in Saudi Arabia: Switching from brick and mortar stores to e-commerce. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(07), 15-28.
  • Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Abdullah, N. I., Hussain, A., ve Fareed, M. (2020). Covid-19 impact on e-commerce usage: An empirical evidence from Malaysian healthcare industry. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 599-609.
  • Sharma, K. (2020). A surge in e-commerce market in India after Covid-19 Pandemic. Gap Gyan-A Global Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 54-57.
  • Sivakumar, M., ve Anupriya, M. (2021). E-commerce trends during Covid-19 Pandemic. The Impact of Infrastructure on Agricultural Productivity in India, (1), 51-56.
  • Tanrıvermiş, H. (2020). Possible impacts of Covid-19 Outbreak on real estate sector and possible changes to adopt: A situation analysis and general assessment on Turkish Perspective. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 263-269.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., ve Bayram, O. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi döneminde Türkiye’de e-ticaret ve e-ihracat. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 37-54.
  • Yoon, C. (2009). The effects of national culture values on consumer acceptance of e-commerce: Online shoppers in China. Information & Management, 46(5), 294-301.
  • Yuan, Y., Guan, M., Zhou, Z., Kim, S., Cha, M., Jin, D., ve Li, Y. (2020). Disruption in the Chinese e-commerce during Covid-19, arXiv:2009.14605, 1-10.
  • Widjaja, J., ve Chipeta, C. (2020). Survey: Consumer behaviour during Covid-19 Pandemic, Erişim adresi: https://conjointly.com/blog/covid-consumer-impact-survey/, (06.02.2021).
  • Zhang, X., ve Han, Y. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on small and medium sized cross-border e-commerce enterprises and suggestions. International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering Technology, 2(2), 71-80.
  • https://www.emarketer.com/topics/industry/digital-shoppers-buyers, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/covid-19-etkisiyle-e-ticaret-harcamalari-yuzde-45-artti/, (20.01.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/272391/us-retail-e-commerce-sales-forecast/, (26.01.2021).
  • https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/asia-pacific/how-chinese-consumers-are-changing-shopping-habits-in-response-to-covid-19, (05.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/forecasts/246041/e-commerce-revenue-forecast-in-china, (26.01.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134709/consumers-us-online-purchase-before-after-covid-categories/, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/272391/us-retail-e-commerce-sales-forecast/, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/forecasts/246041/e-commerce-revenue-forecast-in-china, (09.02.2021).

IMPACT OF COVID-19 OUTBREAK ON E-COMMERCE: EXAMPLE OF CHINA, USA, UK AND TURKEY

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 21, 20.06.2022

Gül Senir

Öz

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the Covid-19 outbreak on e-commerce in China, USA, England and Turkey. For the purpose of the study, studies in both Turkish and foreign literature were compiled by searching the literature. Google Scholar, Emerald eJournals Premier, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, JSTOR and ULAKBİM databases were used to scan the articles. Within the scope of the study, it is estimated that the e-commerce volume of Turkey, China, America and England has increased in the Covid-19 epidemic and this increasing trend is expected to continue in 2022 and 2023 as of 2021, and it has been observed that the product preferences of consumers in e-commerce shopping have changed. Food and fresh products in Turkey and China during the Covid-19 epidemic; In England, clothing, shoes and accessories products are preferred; In the USA, it is expected that the sales of jewelry, accessories and personal care products will increase compared to other product categories in the period after the Covid-19 outbreak. It is estimated that the effects of the Covid-19 epidemic will continue in 2021, and permanent changes and transformations in consumer behavior will be triggered, and as the epidemic continues, consumers will turn to online shopping from physical stores.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Outbreak E-Commerce Consumer Behavior

Kaynakça

  • Alfonso, V., Boar, C., Frost, J., Gambacorta, L., ve Liu, J. (2021). E-commerce in the pandemic and beyond. BIS Bulletin, (36), 1-5.
  • Andrienko, O. (2020). E-commerce & consumer trends during coronavirus from. Erişim adresi: https://www.semrush.com/blog/ecommerce-covid-19/, (25.01.2021).
  • Bayır, T. (2021). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) ile yeni dijital dünyada değişen tüketici tercihleri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 17 (Pandemi Özel Sayısı), 145-164.
  • Bhatti, A., Akram, H., Basit, H. M., Khan, A. U., Raza, S. M., ve Naqvi, M. B. (2020). E-commerce trends during Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(2), 1449-1452.
  • Chang, H. H., ve Meyerhoefer, C. D. (2020). Covid‐19 and the demand for online food shopping services: Empirical evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 103(2), 448-465.
  • Conway, M. W., Salon, D., da Silva, D. C., ve Mirtich, L. (2020). How will the Covid-19 Pandemic effect the future of urban life? Early evidence from highly-educated respondents in the United States. Urban Science, 4(50), 1-24.
  • Edwards, D. (2020). The impact of Coronavirus on e-commerce with China, Erişim adresi: (https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2020/06/08/the-impact-of-coronavirus-on-e- commerce-with-china/32865/), (20.01.2021).
  • Elrhim, M. A., ve Elsayed, A. (2020). The effect of Covid-19 spread on the e-commerce market: The case of the 5 largest e-commerce companies in the world. Available at SSRN 3621166.
  • Erdoğan, M. G. (2020). Covid-19 döneminde e-ticaret ve dijital reklam yatırımları. Selçuk İletişim, 13(3), 1296-1318.
  • Demirdöğmez, M., Taş, H. Y., ve Gültekin, N. (2020) Koronavirüs’ün (Covid-19) e-ticarete etkileri. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(29), 125-145.
  • Dirgantari, P. D., Hidayat, Y. M., Mahphoth, M. H., ve Nugraheni, R. (2020). Level of use and satisfaction of e-commerce customers in Covid-19 Pandemic period: An information system success model (ISSM) approach. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2), 261-270.
  • Duan, W., Zhu, S., ve Lai, M. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on China’s trade and outward FDI and related countermeasures. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 18(4), 355-364.
  • Duygun, A. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi sırasında tüketicilerin yaşam tarzlarının değerlendirilmesi. Econder International Academic Journal, 4(1), 232-247.
  • Gao, X., Shi, X., Guo, H., ve Liu, Y. (2020). To buy or not buy food online: The impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on the adoption of e-commerce in China. PloS one, 15(8), 1-14.
  • Ghandour, A., ve Woodford, B. J. (2020). Covid-19 impact on e-commerce in UAE. In 2020 21st International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT), 1-8. IEEE.
  • Güven, H. (2020). Covid-19 sürecinde e-ticaret sitelerine yöneltilen müşteri şikâyetlerinin incelenmesi. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4), 511-530.
  • Hasanat, M. W., Hoque, A., Shikha, F. A., Anwar, M., Hamid, A. B. A., ve Tat, H. H. (2020). The impact of Coronavirus (Covid-19) on e-business in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 85-90.
  • He, J., ve Liu, C. (2020). An investigation on the impact of Covid-19 on China’s e-commerce industry. Design Engineering, 11, 443-456.
  • Jones, K. (2020). Covid-19 the pandemic economy: What are shoppers buying online during Covid-19 ?, Erişim adresi: https://www.visualcapitalist.com/shoppers-buying-online-ecommerce-covid-19/, (15.01.2021).
  • Kartal, C., ve Şentürk, E. E. (2020). Covid-19 dönemi tüketici harcamalarındaki değişiklikler, sanayi ve ticari faaliyetler üzerindeki etkileri. 5th International Scientific Research Congress (IBAD - 2020) September 1-2, 2020.
  • Kayabaşı, E. T. (2020). Covid-19’un piyasalara ve tüketici davranışlarına etkisi. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7(5), 15-25.
  • Kotler, P., (2020). The consumer in the age of Coronavirus. Journal of Creating Value, 6(1), 12-15.
  • Negreiro, M. (2020). The rise of e-commerce and the cashless society, Erişim adresi: (https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2020/649341/EPRS_BRI(2020)649341_EN.pdf), (10.02.2021).
  • Kim, R. Y. (2020). The impact of Covid-19 on consumers: Preparing for digital sales. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(3), 212-218.
  • Pantelimon, F. V., Georgescu, T. M., ve Posedaru, B. Ş. (2020). The impact of mobile e-commerce on GDP: A comparative analysis between Romania and Germany and how Covid-19 influences the e-commerce activity worldwide. Informatica Economica, 24(2), 27-41.
  • Salem, M. A., ve Nor, K. M. (2020). The effect of Covİd-19 on consumer behaviour in Saudi Arabia: Switching from brick and mortar stores to e-commerce. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(07), 15-28.
  • Shahzad, A., Hassan, R., Abdullah, N. I., Hussain, A., ve Fareed, M. (2020). Covid-19 impact on e-commerce usage: An empirical evidence from Malaysian healthcare industry. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 599-609.
  • Sharma, K. (2020). A surge in e-commerce market in India after Covid-19 Pandemic. Gap Gyan-A Global Journal of Social Sciences, 3(4), 54-57.
  • Sivakumar, M., ve Anupriya, M. (2021). E-commerce trends during Covid-19 Pandemic. The Impact of Infrastructure on Agricultural Productivity in India, (1), 51-56.
  • Tanrıvermiş, H. (2020). Possible impacts of Covid-19 Outbreak on real estate sector and possible changes to adopt: A situation analysis and general assessment on Turkish Perspective. Journal of Urban Management, 9(3), 263-269.
  • Yılmaz, Ö., ve Bayram, O. (2020). Covid-19 Pandemi döneminde Türkiye’de e-ticaret ve e-ihracat. Kayseri Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2(2), 37-54.
  • Yoon, C. (2009). The effects of national culture values on consumer acceptance of e-commerce: Online shoppers in China. Information & Management, 46(5), 294-301.
  • Yuan, Y., Guan, M., Zhou, Z., Kim, S., Cha, M., Jin, D., ve Li, Y. (2020). Disruption in the Chinese e-commerce during Covid-19, arXiv:2009.14605, 1-10.
  • Widjaja, J., ve Chipeta, C. (2020). Survey: Consumer behaviour during Covid-19 Pandemic, Erişim adresi: https://conjointly.com/blog/covid-consumer-impact-survey/, (06.02.2021).
  • Zhang, X., ve Han, Y. (2020). Impact of Covid-19 on small and medium sized cross-border e-commerce enterprises and suggestions. International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering Technology, 2(2), 71-80.
  • https://www.emarketer.com/topics/industry/digital-shoppers-buyers, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.marketingturkiye.com.tr/haberler/covid-19-etkisiyle-e-ticaret-harcamalari-yuzde-45-artti/, (20.01.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/272391/us-retail-e-commerce-sales-forecast/, (26.01.2021).
  • https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/asia-pacific/how-chinese-consumers-are-changing-shopping-habits-in-response-to-covid-19, (05.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/forecasts/246041/e-commerce-revenue-forecast-in-china, (26.01.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/1134709/consumers-us-online-purchase-before-after-covid-categories/, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/statistics/272391/us-retail-e-commerce-sales-forecast/, (06.02.2021).
  • https://www.statista.com/forecasts/246041/e-commerce-revenue-forecast-in-china, (09.02.2021).
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Gül Senir 0000-0001-5454-2321

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Senir, G. (2022). COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, 3(1), 1-21.
AMA Senir G. COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. TEYD. Haziran 2022;3(1):1-21.
Chicago Senir, Gül. “COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi 3, sy. 1 (Haziran 2022): 1-21.
EndNote Senir G (01 Haziran 2022) COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 3 1 1–21.
IEEE G. Senir, “COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”, TEYD, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 1–21, 2022.
ISNAD Senir, Gül. “COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Toplum Ekonomi ve Yönetim Dergisi 3/1 (Haziran 2022), 1-21.
JAMA Senir G. COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. TEYD. 2022;3:1–21.
MLA Senir, Gül. “COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. Toplum Ekonomi Ve Yönetim Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 1, 2022, ss. 1-21.
Vancouver Senir G. COVİD-19 SALGININ E-TİCARETE ETKİSİ: ÇİN, ABD, İNGİLTERE VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. TEYD. 2022;3(1):1-21.
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