Comparison of different types os isometric exercises in the cervical region

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the activation levels by using surface electromyography (EMG) of the front and back muscles of the neck during different isometric exercises in healthy subjects. Methods: Fourteen healthy voluntary (8 females, 6 males; mean age: 24.2 years) subjects participated in this study. Muscle activations were measured from M. Sternocleidomastoideus and M. Erector spinae during resistance to physiotherapist, resistance to their self, by using Thera-Band® and dynamic isometric exercises of neck flexion and extension and compared among these exercises. Each exercise was done for 10 sec with 6 repetitions/session. Integral of received EMG recordings of each EMG for EMG analysis were calculated. Results: Strength imbalances between right and left erector spine during extension against resistance of the physiotherapist and isometric exercise against the resistive of him or herself (p<0.05). Besides, EMG in isometric exercise using Thera-Band® was less significant than isometric exercises using the resistive of physical therapist and himself or herself (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study showed exercises using Thera-Band® would be important to choose both resistance control and selected exercise according to injury severity in cervical problems

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cervical vertebrae, Exercise; isometric, Electromyography

Farklı servikal bölge izometrik egzersiz tiplerinin karşılaştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sağlıklı bireylerde servikal bölgede kullanılan farklı izometrik egzersizler sırasında boyun ön ve arka grup kaslarının yüzeyel elektromiyografiyle (EMG) aktivasyon düzeylerini karşılaştırmaktı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 14 sağlıklı gönüllü (8 kadın, 6 erkek; yaş ortalaması: 24.2 yıl) dahil edildi. Bireylerde boyun fleksiyon ve ekstansiyonu, dinamik izometrik egzersizler, Thera-Band® kullanılarak bireyin kendi direncine karşı yapılan ve fizyoterapistin direnci sırasında sternocleidomastoid ve erektör spina kaslarındaki kassal aktivasyon ölçüldü ve bu egzersizler arasındaki farklar karşılaştırıldı. Her bir egzersiz 10 sn süreyle 6 tekrar olarak yapıldı. EMG analizleri için her bir EMG kaydının integrali alınmış EMG’si bulundu. Sonuçlar: Fizyoterapistin direncine karşı yapılan ekstansiyon sırasında ve bireyin kendi direncine karsı yaptığı izometrik ekstansiyon egzersizi sırasında sağ ve sol erektör spinalar arasında kuvvet dengesizliği olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Ayrıca Thera-Band® ile yapılan izometrik egzersizlerde EMG aktivasyonu bireyin kendi direncine karşı ve fizyoterapistin direncine karşı yaptığı izometrik egzersizlerden anlamlı bir şekilde az bulundu (p<0.05). Tartışma: Bu çalışma Thera-Band® ile verilen egzersizlerin servikal bölge problemlerinde hem direnç kontrolü hem de yaralanmanın şiddetine göre seçilecek egzersiz programı açısından önemli olabileceğini gösterdi

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Servikal vertebra, Egzersiz; izometrik, Elektromyografi

Kaynakça

1. Moroney SP, Schultz AB, Miller JAA. Analysis and measurement of neck loads. J Orthop Res. 1988;6:713–720.
2. Mayoux BMA, Revel M, Vallee C. Surface electrodes are not appropriate to record selective myoelectric activity of splenius capitis muscle in humans. Exp Brain Res. 1995;105:432–438.
3. Keshner E, Campbell D, Katz R, et al. Neck muscle activation patterns in humans during isometric stabilization. Exp Brain Res. 1989;75:335–344.
4. Schuldt K, Ekholm J, Harms-Ringdahl K, et al. Influence of sitting postures on neck and shoulder emg during arm–hand work movements. Clin Biomech. 1987;2:126–139.
5. Schuldt K, Ekholm J, Harms-Ringdahl K, et al. Effects of changes in sitting work posture on static neck and shoulder muscle activity. Ergonomics. 1986;29:1525–1537.
6. Villanueva MB, Jonai H, Sotoyama M, et al. Sitting posture and neck and shoulder muscle activities at different screen height settings of the visual display terminal. Ind Health. 1997;35:330–336.
7. Lannersten L, Harms-Ringdahl K. Neck and shoulder muscle activity during work with different cash register systems. Ergonomics. 1990;33:49–65. T, 17. Shirado O, Ito Kaneda K, et al. Electromyographic analysis of four techniques for isometric trunk muscle exercises. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:225-229.
8. De Luca CJ. The use of surface electromyography in biomechanics. J Appl Biomech. 1997;13:135-163.

9. Westgaard RH. Muscle activity as a releasing factor for pain in the shoulder and neck. Cephalalgia 1999;(19 Suppl. 25):1-8.
10. Winter DA, Fuglevand AJ, Archer SE. Cross-talk in surface electromyography: theoretical and practical estimates, J Electromyography Kinesiol. 1994;4:15– 26.
11. Cram JR, Kasman GS. Introduction to Surface Electromyography, Aspen Publishers, Gaithersburg. 1998.
12. Giroux B, Lamontagne M. comparison between surface electrodes and intramuscular wire electrodes in Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology. 1990;30:397–405 dynamic conditions.
13. Ylinen JJ, Hakkinen AH, Takala EP, et. al. Effects of neck muscle training in women with chronic neck pain: one-year follow-up study. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:6–13.
14. Ekstrom RA, Soderberg GL, Donatelli RA. normalization procedures using maximum voluntary isometric contractions for the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during surface EMG analysis. J Electromyography Kinesiol. 2005;15:418–428.
15. Edmondston SJ, Sharp M, Symes A, etal. Changes in mechanical load and extensor muscle activity in the cervico-thoracic spine induced by sitting posture modification. Ergonomics. 2011;54:179-186.
16. Chiu TTW, Lam T.H, Hedley AJ. Maximal Isometric muscle strength of the cervical spine in healthy volunteers. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16;772-779.
17. Hawkes DH, Alizadehkhaiyat O, Fisher AC, et al. Normal shoulder muscular activation and co- ordination during a shoulder elevation task based on activities of daily living: an electromyographic study. J Orthop Res. 2012;30:53-60.
18. Kumar S, Prasad N. Cervical EMG profile differences between patients of neck pain and control. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32:2078-2087.
19. Jordan A, Bendix T, Nielsen H, et al. Intensive training, physiotherapy, or manipulation for patients with chronic neck pain: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Spine. 1998;23:311–319.
20. Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Falla D, Arendt-Nielsen L, et al. Cervical muscle co-activation in isometric contractions is enhanced in chronic tensiontype headache patients. Cephalalgia. 2008;28:744–751.
21. Farshadmanesh F, Byrne P, Keith GP, et al. Cross- validated models of the relationships between neck muscle electromyography and three-dimensional head
22. Neurophysiol. 2012;107:573-590. gaze behavior. J