ASSESSMENT OF PYSICAL FITNESS IN MEN WITH AND WITHOUT PES PLANUS

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluation of physical fitness parameters in men with

and without pes planus.

Methods: 50 men aged between 18 - 45 years who had the degree of deformity according to Feiss Line 2 and above (experimental group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group) were included in this study. İndividuals were evaluated in terms of demographic charecteristics and pysical fitness. Posture analysis, shortening testing, manual muscle tests, flexibility tests, balance assessment on one foot, muscle strength and endurance tests, Vertical jump test, Harvard step test, term speed tests were used for the assessment of physical fitness of participants.

Results: From the assessment made between the groups; It was determined that the postu- ral problems and muscle shorthening were seen to be more in experimental group. It is ob- served that total foot muscle power and plantar flexor group muscle power were statistically weaker in the group with pes planus (p<0.05). At the same time flexibility of gastrocnemius muscle was weaker in the experimental group (p<0.05). In speed evaluation, the 10 steps fast increase, fast decrease and fast increase and fast decrease tests took more time in the individuals with pes planus (p<0.05). In all the parameters of balance evaluation, the period in balance was found to be lower in the group with pes planus (p<0.05).

Discussion: In the light of the results obtained from the study, it has been concluded, pes planus deformity has negative impact on pysical fitness in men. 

Keywords

• Pes planus,physical fitness,biomechanics

Pes Planus Olan ve Olmayan Erkeklerde Fiziksel Uygunluğun Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışma, pes planus olan ve olmayan erkeklerde fiziksel uygunluk parametrelerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Yöntemler: Çalışmaya yaşları 18 - 45 yıl arasında değişen, Feiss çizgisine göre deformite derecesi 2 ve üstünde olan pes planus tanısı konulmuş 50 gönüllü (deney grubu) ve 50 sağlıklı birey (kontrol grubu) alınmıştır. Bireylerin demografik özellikleri ve fiziksel uygunluk testleri değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların fiziksel uygunluklarının değerlendirilmesinde postür analizi, kısalık testleri, manuel kas testleri, esneklik testleri, tek ayak üzerinde denge değerlendirmesi, kas kuvvet ve endurans testleri, vertikal sıçrama testi, Harvard step basamak testi, süreli hız testleri kullanılmıştır.

Sonuçlar: Gruplar arasında yapılan değerlendirmede; postüral sapmaların ve kas kısalıklarının deney grubunda daha fazla görüldüğü saptanmıştır. Toplam ayak kas ve ayak plantar fleksör grup kas kuvvetinin pes planus olan grupta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha zayıf olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte gastrosoleus kas grubununun esnekliğinin deney grubuna göre azaldığı saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Hız değerlendirmesinde 10 basamağı hızlı iniş, hızlı çıkış, hızlı iniş ve çıkış testlerinin pes planus olan bireylerde daha uzun süre aldığı saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Denge değerlendirmesinin tüm parametrelerinde pes planus olan grupta dengede kalma süresi daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0.05).

Tartışma: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında, pes planus deformitesinin erkeklerde fiziksel uygunluğu olumsuz etkilediği görüşüne varılmıştır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düz taban,fiziksel zindelik,biyomekanik

Kaynakça

1. 1. Toullec E. Adult flatfoot. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2015;101(1 Suppl):11-7.
2. 2. Tenenbaum S, Hershkovich O, Gordon B, Bruck N, Thein R, Derazne E, et al. Flexible pes planus in adolescents: body mass index, body height, and gender--an epidemiological study. Foot Ank Int. 2013;34(6):811-7.
3. 3. Uzunca K. TN, Birtane M. The relation of pain and disability with radiographic and pedobarographic parameters in adult pes planus. Romatizma. 2006;21(2):5.
4. 4. Leveille SG, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Hirsch R, Simonsick E, Hochberg MC. Foot pain and disability in older women. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148(7):657-65.
5. 5. Galli M, Cimolin V, Pau M, Costici P, Albertini G. Relationship between flat foot condition and gait pattern alterations in children with Down syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res. 2014;58(3):269- 76.
6. 6. Zhou B, Tang K, Hardy M. Talocalcaneal coalition combined with flatfoot in children: diagnosis and treatment: a review. J Orthop Surg Res. 2014;9:129.
7. 7. Van Boerum DH, Sangeorzan BJ. Biomechanics and pathophysiology of flat foot. Foot Ankle Clin. 2003;8(3):419-30.
8. 8. Talu B, Bayramlar K, Bek N, Yakut Y. Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire for hallux valgus deformity evaluation. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2016;50(2):207-13.

9. 9. Walters JL, Mendicino SS. The flexible adult flatfoot: anatomy and pathomechanics. Clin Podiatr Med Surg. 2014;31(3):329-36.
10. 10. Lee HJ, Lim KB, Yoo J, Yoon SW, Yun HJ, Jeong TH. Effect of Custom-Molded Foot Orthoses on Foot Pain and Balance in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flat Feet. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015;39(6):905-13.
11. 11. Panichawit C, Bovonsunthonchai S, Vachalathiti R, Limpasutirachata K. Effects of Foot Muscles Training on Plantar Pressure Distribution during Gait, Foot Muscle Strength, and Foot Functi- on in Persons with Flexible Flatfoot. J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98 Suppl 5:S12-7.
12. 12. Otman S, Demirel H, Sade A. Tedavi hareketlerinde temel değerlendirme prensipleri. 2. baskı. Ankara:Hacettepe Üniversitesi Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Yayınları 16;1998.
13. 13. Hislop H, Avers D, Brown M. Daniels and Worthingham's muscle testing: Techniques of manual examination and performance testing. 9th ed. Missouri: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013.
14. 14. Greenberg JS, Pargman D. Physical fitness: A wellness approach: Prentice Hall; 1989.
15. 15. Riley PO, Mann RW, Hodge WA. Modelling of the biomechanics of posture and balance. J Biomech. 1990;23(5):503-6.
16. 16. Suni JH, Oja P, Laukkanen RT, Miilunpalo SI, Pasanen ME, Vuori IM, et al. Health related fitness test battery for adults: aspects of reliability. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77(4):399-405.
17. 17. Ergun N, Baltacı G. Spor yaralanmalarında fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon prensipleri.4.baskı.Ankara: Pelikan Yayınevi; 2014.
18. 18. Safrit MJ, Wood TM. Introduction to measurement in physical education and exercise science. 3th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1995.
19. 19. Nordin M, Frankel VH. Basic biomechanics of the musculoske- letal system.3th ed. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
20. 20. Uygur S. F. Ayak Deformite ve Ortezleri. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları; 1992.
21. 21. Kothari A, Dixon P, Stebbins J, Zavatsky A, Theologis T. The relationship between quality of life and foot function in children with flexible flatfeet. Gait Posture. 2015;41(3):786-90.
22. 22. Westberry DE, Davids JR, Anderson JP, Pugh LI, Davis RB, Hardin JW. The operative correction of symptomatic flat foot deformi- ties in children: the relationship between static alignment and dynamic loading. Bone Joint J. 2013;95-B(5):706-13.
23. 23. Rivera-Saldivar G, Torres-Gonzalez R, Franco-Valencia M, Ri- os-Monroy R, Martinez-Ramirez F, Perez-Hernandez E, et al. Risk factors associated with the conformation of the medial longitudinal arch and the symptomatic flat foot in a metropolitan school population in Mexico. Acta Ortop Mex. 2012;26(2):85-90. 24. Jane MacKenzie A, Rome K, Evans AM. The efficacy of nonsurgical interventions for pediatric flexible flat foot: a critical review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(8):830-4.
24. 24. Jane MacKenzie A, Rome K, Evans AM. The efficacy of nonsurgi- cal interventions for pediatric flexible flat foot: a critical review. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012;32(8):830-4.
25. 25. Blasimann A, Eichelberger P, Brulhart Y, El-Masri I, Fluckiger G, Frauchiger L, et al. Non-surgical treatment of pain associated with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: study protocol for a randomised clinical trial. J Foot Ankle Res. 2015;8:37.
26. 26. Harris EJ, Vanore JV, Thomas JL, Kravitz SR, Mendelson SA, Men- dicino RW, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of pediatric flatfoot. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2004;43(6):341-73.
27. 27. Benedetti MG, Ceccarelli F, Berti L, Luciani D, Catani F, Boschi M, et al. Diagnosis of flexible flatfoot in children: a systematic clinical approach. Orthopedics. 2011;34(2):94.
28. 28. Yalcin E, Kurtaran A, Akyuez M. Pes Planus: Tanısı, etiyolojisi ve tedavisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2008;28(5):743-53.