Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension in Pazar District of Tokat Province: A Community-Based Study

Yıl 2023, , 88 - 93, 31.01.2023

Gonca Soysal

https://doi.org/10.51972/tfsd.1146345

Öz

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of hypertension in individuals over the age of 18, risk factors, knowledge and opinions of society about hypertension, and awareness of hypertension in Pazar district of Tokat province.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Pazar district of Tokat province between February and May 2022. The research was conducted with 270 individuals over the age of 18 who agreed to participate in the study in each neighborhood in the district center using the proportional cluster sampling method.
Results: While the prevalence of hypertension was 27%, awareness of hypertension was 21.9% in individuals. Both the prevalence of hypertension and awareness of hypertension were statistically significantly high in individuals with a family history of hypertension and comorbidities. Each unit increase in age increases the probability of hypertension by 1.112 times. Low-income participants were 8.381 times more likely to have hypertension than high-income participants. Comorbidities increase the risk of hypertension by 4.541 times. The rate of individuals who were diagnosed with hypertension by a physician was 5.9%, and the rate of regular use of the drugs recommended by the physician was only 62.5%.
Conclusion: Hypertension is observed in approximately one in every three people, and the rate of awareness of hypertension is quite low. It is recommended that individuals in society should be screened for hypertension with blood pressure measurements at regular intervals, and health education should be planned for awareness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hypertension, prevalence, awareness, knowledge, treatment

Kaynakça

• Adibelli, Z., Dilek, M., & Akpolat, T. (2009). Lemon juice as an alternative therapy in hypertension in Turkey. International Journal of Cardiology, 135(2), e58–e59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.03.085
• Akdur, R. (2019). Sağlık Bilimlerinde Araştırma ve Tez Yapma Rehberi (Projelendirme, Uygulama, Rapor Yazma) (Genişletilmiş İkinci Baskı). Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Arikan, A., Aydin, A., Ekerbi̇çer, H., Karaayaç, R., Zeyti̇noğlu, Y., Muratdaği, G., … Kurban, A. (2020). Hipertansiyon Tanısı Olan Hastaların Hastalıkları Hakkındaki Bilgi Düzeyleri ve İlişkili Faktörler. Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, 10(Özel Sayı), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.31832/smj.745870
• Arslantaş, E. E., Sevi̇nç, N., Çeti̇nkaya, F., Günay, O., & Aykut, M. (2019). Hipertansif kişilerin hipertansiyon konusundaki tutum ve davranışları. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 58(4), 319–329. https://doi.org/10.19161/etd.659955
• Ati̇la, D., Kiliç Öztürk, Y., Çalikoğlu, E. O., & Barişik, V. (2021). Bir aile hekimliği birimine başvuran hipertansiyon tanılı bireylerin hastalıkla ilişkili bilgi düzeyi ve tutumları. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 2(3), 66–70. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.935007
• Bahar Özvarış, Ş. (2016). Sağlığı Geliştirme ve Sağlık Eğitimi (2. Basım). Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Balijepalli, C., Lösch, C., Bramlage, P., Erbel, R., Humphries, K. H., Jöckel, K.-H., & Moebus, S. (2014). Percentile distribution of blood pressure readings in 35683 men and women aged 18 to 99 years. Journal of Human Hypertension, 28(3), 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2013.85
• Bayram, F., Demir, Ö., Sabuncu, T., Eren, M. A., Gedik, A. V., Çorapçioğlu, D., & Kaya, A. (2021). Prevalence and Awareness of Hypertension in Seven Distinct Geographic Regions of Turkey: The SEMT HT Study. The Turkish Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 25(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25179/tjem.2020-78532
• Cherfan, M., Vallée, A., Kab, S., Salameh, P., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., & Blacher, J. (2020). Unhealthy behaviors and risk of uncontrolled hypertension among treated individuals-The CONSTANCES population-based study. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1925. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58685-1
• Chow, C. K. (2013). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension in Rural and Urban Communities in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries. JAMA, 310(9), 959. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.184182
• Dean, C. R., Sullivan, G. M., & Soe, MM. (2022). Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health: OpenEpi Menu. Retrieved July 6, 2022, Available from. http://www.openepi.com/Menu/OE_Menu.htm
• Fenech, G., Vallée, A., Cherfan, M., Kab, S., Goldberg, M., Zins, M., & Blacher, J. (2020). Poor Awareness of Hypertension in France: The CONSTANCES Population-Based Study. American Journal of Hypertension, 33(6), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa018
• Gee, M. E., Campbell, N., Sarrafzadegan, N., Jafar, T., Khalsa, T. K., Mangat, B., … Zhang, X. (2014). Standards for the Uniform Reporting of Hypertension in Adults Using Population Survey Data: Recommendations From the World Hypertension League Expert Committee. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 16(11), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12387
• Geldsetzer, P., Manne-Goehler, J., Marcus, M.-E., Ebert, C., Zhumadilov, Z., Wesseh, C. S., … Jaacks, L. M. (2019). The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1·1 million adults. Lancet (London, England), 394(10199), 652–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30955-9
• Iqbal, A., Ahsan, K. Z., Jamil, K., Haider, M. M., Khan, S. H., Chakraborty, N., & Streatfield, P. K. (2021). Demographic, socioeconomic, and biological correlates of hypertension in an adult population: Evidence from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017-18. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11234-5
• Kotsis, V., Stabouli, S., Bouldin, M., Low, A., Toumanidis, S., & Zakopoulos, N. (2005). Impact of obesity on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and hypertension. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), 45(4), 602–607. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000158261.86674.8e
• Morillo, M. G., Amato, M. C. M., & Cendon Filha, S. P. (2006). Twenty-four hour blood pressure record for smokers and nonsmokers. Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia, 87(4), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0066-782x2006001700016
• NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). (2017). Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: A pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants. Lancet (London, England), 389(10064), 37–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
• NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). (2019). Long-term and recent trends in hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in 12 high-income countries: An analysis of 123 nationally representative surveys. Lancet (London, England), 394(10199), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31145-6
• NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). (2021). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: A pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet (London, England), 398(10304), 957–980. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01330-1
• Oskay, E. M., Önsüz, M. F., & Topuzoğlu, A. (2010). İzmir’de bir sağlık ocağı’nda başvuranların hipertansiyon hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1), 3–9. Available from. https://app.trdizin.gov.tr/makale/TVRFMk1UQTVPUT09/izmir-de-bir-saglik-ocagi-nda-basvuranlarin-hipertansiyon-hakkindaki-bilgi-tutum-ve-goruslerinin-degerlendirilmesi
• Özer, Z., Teke, N., & Turan, G. B. (2020). Bir üniversitede çalışan personellerin hipertansiyon hakkındaki bilgi tutum ve görüşlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7(2), 160–166. Available from. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sagakaderg/issue/55845/652606
• Saju, M. D., Allagh, K. P., Scaria, L., Joseph, S., & Thiyagarajan, J. A. (2020). Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors: Results from Baseline Survey of SWADES Family Cohort Study. International Journal of Hypertension, 2020, 4964835. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4964835
• Satman, I., Omer, B., Tutuncu, Y., Kalaca, S., Gedik, S., Dinccag, N., … Tuomilehto, J. (2013). Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. European Journal of Epidemiology, 28(2), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5
• Sengul, S., Akpolat, T., Erdem, Y., Derici, U., Arici, M., Sindel, S., … Erturk, S. (2016). Changes in hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in Turkey from 2003 to 2012. Journal of Hypertension, 34(6), 1208–1217. https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000901
• The Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration. (2014). Cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes mortality burden of cardiometabolic risk factors from 1980 to 2010: A comparative risk assessment. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 2(8), 634–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70102-0
• Turkey Statistical Institute. (2021). Address Based Population Registration System Results. Retrieved May 27, 2022, Available from. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=tr
• Unger, T., Borghi, C., Charchar, F., Khan, N. A., Poulter, N. R., Prabhakaran, D., … Schutte, A. E. (2020). 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex.: 1979), 75(6), 1334–1357. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026
• WHO. (2020). Obesity. Retrieved July 5, 2022, Available from. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity
• WHO. (2021). Hypertension. Retrieved January 10, 2022, Available from. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension
• WHO. (2022). Gender and health. Retrieved July 6, 2022, Available from. https://www.who.int/health-topics/gender
• World Health Organization. (2021). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available from. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/344424
• Xing, L., Jing, L., Tian, Y., Lin, M., Du, Z., Yan, H., … Liu, S. (2019). Urban-Rural disparities in status of hypertension in northeast China: A population-based study, 2017-2019. Clinical Epidemiology, 11, 801–820. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S218110
• Yusuf, S., Joseph, P., Rangarajan, S., Islam, S., Mente, A., Hystad, P., … Dagenais, G. (2020). Modifiable risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 155 722 individuals from 21 high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries (PURE): A prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 395(10226), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2