The Effects of Quince Seed Jelly and Human Milk on Nipple Fissures During Early Postpartum

Öz

Purpose: In experimental studies, it has been reported that the jelly made from the quince seed is effective in healing wounds and has no side effects or contraindications. This study was conducted to determine the effect of quince seed jelly and human milk, respectively, used in the early postpartum period, on nipple fissures. Material and Methods: The research was a randomised controlled study. In total, 426 mothers who met the research criteria were selected for the study, which was conducted at the obstetrics and gynaecology department of two hospitals between 2015–2017 in Sivas city of Turkey. The 426 mothers were distributed equally into three groups (n=142 per group): the human milk, quince seed jelly and the control group. Mothers in the intervention groups applied quince seed jelly and human milk, respectively, on their nipples and areola after every breastfeeding. All mothers were evaluated for nipple fissures on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 10th days postpartum. Results: Mothers with the highest number of problems in the first 10 days postpartum belonged to the control group (61.3%-62%), followed by the human milk group (19%), whereas, the quince seed group experienced the least problems (2.8%-5.6%, p<0.05). Nipple pains and fissures were most common in the mothers assigned to the control group. Conclusion: Mothers who applied either quince seed jelly or human milk to their nipples and areolas after each breastfeeding, compared to a control group, were less likely to have either nipple fissures or nipple pain during the first 10 days postpartum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Early postpartum
• Human milk
• Nipple fissures
• Quince seed jelly
• Women

Erken Postpartum Dönemde Kullanılan Ayva Çekirdeği Jölesi ve Anne Sütünün Meme Başı Çatlağı Oluşumuna Etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Deneysel çalışmalarda, ayva çekirdeğinden elde edilen jölenin yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkili olduğu, yan etkisi ve kontrendikasyonunun olmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Bu araştırma, erken postpartum dönemde kullanılan ayva çekirdeği jölesi ve anne sütünün meme başı çatlağı oluşumuna etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, randomize kontrollü deneysel araştırma özelliğindedir. Araştırmada, 2015-2017 yılları arasında Türkiye’nin Sivas şehrinde yer alan iki hastanenin doğum ve kadın sağlığı servislerinden araştırma kriterlerini karşılayan 426 anne yer almıştır. 426 anne üç gruba (anne sütü, ayva çekirdeği jölesi, kontrol) eşit (her grup 142 kişi) olarak dağıtılmıştır. Müdahale grubundaki anneler gruplarına yönelik olarak her emzirmeden sonra ayva çekirdeği jölesini ve anne sütünü meme başlarına ve areolaya sürmüştür. Araştırmada yer alan tüm anneler postpartum 1., 3., 7. ve 10. günlerde meme başı çatlağı oluşumu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Postpartum ilk 10 günde meme ile ilgili en fazla problemi kontrol grubundaki anneler (61.3% - 62%) yaşarken bunu anne sütü grubu (19%) takip etmiş, bu gruplara karşın ayva çerkirdeği grubu (2.8% - 5.6%) en az problemi yaşayan grup olmuştur (p<0.05). Meme başı ağrısı ve çatlağı daha sıklıkla kontrol grubundaki annelerde görülmüştür. Sonuç: Postpartum ilk 10 gün süresince her emzirmeden sonra areola ve meme başlarına anne sütünü ve ayva çekirdeği jölesini uygulayan annelerde kontrol grubuna kıyasla daha az meme başı ağrısı ve çatlağına rastlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erken postpartum
• Anne sütü
• Meme başı çatlağı Ayva çekirdeği jölesi
• Kadın

Kaynakça

1. Aghmiuni, I.A., Keshel, H.S., Sefat, F., & Khiyavi, A.A. (2020). Quince seed mucilage-based scaffold as a smart biological substrate to mimic mechanobiological behavior of skin and promote fibroblasts proliferation and h-ASCs differentiation into keratinocytes. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 142(2020), 668–679. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijbiomac.2019.10.008
2. Atan, S., & Sirin, A. (2012). Prevention of nipple problems in primipara breastfeeding mothers: a pilot study. HealthMED, 6(12), 4258−4266. http://acikerisim.istanbulbilim.edu.tr:8080/ xmlui/handle/11446/3173
3. Baytop, T. (1999). Treatment with Plants in Turkey. Nobel Medical Bookstores, Istanbul.
4. Bazzano, A.N., Hofer, R., Thibeau, S., Gillispie, V., Jacobs, M., & Theall, K.P. (2016). A review of herbal and pharmaceutical galactagogues for breast-feeding. Ochsner Journal, 16, 511–524.
5. Birdee, G.S., Kemper, K.J., Rothman, R., & Gardiner, P. (2014). Use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy and the postpartum period: An analysis of the national health interview survey. Journal Womens Health, 23(10), 824-829. https://doi.org/10.1089/ jwh.2013.4568
6. Bostanci, G., & Inal, S. (2015). Assessing knowledge of mothers’ on breastfeeding and breastfeeding situations in a baby-friendly private hospital. Journal of Health Sciences and Professions (HSP), 2(3), 260−270. https://www.archhealthscires.org/Content/files/sayilar/15/ 260-270.pdf
7. Buck, M.L., Amir, L.H., Cullinane, M., Donath, S.M., & CASTLE Study Team. (2014). Nipple pain, damage, and vasospasm in the first 8 weeks postpartum. Breastfeeding Medicine, 9(2), 56-62. https://doi.org /10.1089/bfm.2013.0106 Calik, K., Cetin, F., & Erkaya, R. (2017). Breastfeeding practices of mothers and affecting factors. Gumushane University Journal of Health Sciences, 6(3), 80−91. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gumussagbil/issue /31206/361842
8. Cangol, E., & Sahin, N.H. (2014). Factors affecting breastfeeding and breastfeeding counseling. Zeynep Kamil Medical Bulletin, 45(3), 100-105. https://doi.org/10.16948/zktb.80388

9. Carlander, A.K., Edman, G., Christensson, K., Andolf, E., & Wiklund, I. (2010). Contact between mother, child and partner and attitudes towards breastfeeding in relation to mode of delivery. Sexual and Reproductive Health Care, 1, 27−34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2009.10.001
10. Cordero, M.J., Villar, N.M., Barrilao, R.G., Cortes, M.E., & Lopez, A.M. (2015). Application of extra virgin olive oil to prevent nipple cracking in lactating women. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 12(6), 364–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn. 12113
11. Deng, Y., Huang, L., Zhang, C., Xie, P., Cheng, J., Wang, X., & Liu, L. (2020). Skin-care functions of peptides prepared from Chinese quince seed protein: Sequences analysis, tyrosinase inhibition and molecular docking study. Industrial Crops & Products, 148(2020), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112331
12. Esfahani, M.S., Berenji-Sooghe, S., Valiani, M., & Ehsanpour, S. (2015). Effect of acupressure on milk volume of breastfeeding mothers referring to selected health care centers in Tehran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(1), 7-11.
13. Fraser, D.M., & Cullen, L. (2008). Postnatal management and breastfeeding. Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, 19(1), 7–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ogrm.2008.09.008
14. Fromm, M., Bayha, S., Kammerer, D.R., & Carle, R. (2012). Identification and quantitation of carotenoids and tocopherols in seed oils recovered from different rosaceae species. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(43), 10733−10742. https://doi.org/10.1021/ jf3028446
15. Ghafourian, M., Tamri, P., & Hemmat, A. (2015). Enhancement of human skin fibroblasts proliferation as a result of treating with quince seed mucilage. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 10, 10–13. https://doi.org/10.17795/jjnpp-18820.
16. Gozukara, F. (2014). The key factor in achieving breastfeeding: the provision of father support and the roles of the nurse. Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty, 3(11), 289−296. http://web.harran.edu.tr/ assets/uploads/sites/232/files/HUTFD-462.pdf
17. Hemmati, A.A., Kalantari, H., Jalali, A., Rezai, S., & Zadeh, H.H. (2012). Healing effect of quince seed mucilage on T-2 toxin-induced dermal toxicity in rabbit. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology, 64(3), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.08.004
18. Italianer, M.F., Naninck, E.F., Roelants, J.A., Van Der Horst, G.T., Reiss, I.K., Goudoever, J.B. V., ... & Vermeulen, M.J. (2020). Circadian variation in human milk composition, a systematic review. Nutrients, 12(8), 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082328
19. Jouki, M., Mortazavi, S.A., Yazdi, F.T., & Koocheki, A. (2014). Characterization of antioxidant–antibacterial quince seed mucilage films containing thyme essential oil. Carbohydrate Polymers, 99(2), 537−546. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.08.077
20. Kawahara, T., Tsutsui, K., Nakanishi, E., Toshifumi, I.T., & Hamauzu, Y. (2017). Effect of the topical application of an ethanol extract of quince seeds on the development of atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 17(2017), 80-88. https://bmccomplementmedtherapies. biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ s12906-017-1606-6
21. Kepekci, M., Yalcinoglu, N., Devecioglu, E., Eren, T., & Gokcay, G. (2012). Examination of the mothers and infants who applied to breastfeeding counseling unit. The Journal of Child, 12(4), 164−168. http://www.journalagent.com/cocuk/pdfs/CD_12_4_164_168.pdf
22. Kirlek, F., & Balkaya, N.A. (2013). Effect of breast milk and olive oil on prevention of nipple pains and fissures in early postpartum period. Journal of Research, Development in Nursing, 15(2), 17−34. http://hemarge.org.tr /ckfinder/userfiles/files/2013/SAYI2/2013_15_2_2.pdf
23. Kucuk, O., & Gocmen, A.Y. (2012). Assessment of healthy children between 6-24 months who applied to the child polyclinic. Bakirkoy Medical Journal, 1(8), 28−33. http://cms.galenos.com.tr/Uploads/Article_23749/BTD-8-28.pdf
24. Magalhaes, A.S., Silva, B.M., Pereira, J.A., Andrade, P.B., Valentao, P., & Carvalho, M. (2009). Protective effect of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) fruit against oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(6), 1372–1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.03.017
25. Sahin, H., Yilmaz, M., Aykut, M., Balci, E., Sagiroglu, M., & Ozturk, A. (2013). Breastfeeding problems and risk factors in mothers who applied to two community health centers in Kayseri. Turkish Pediatrics Archives, 48, 145−151. https://www.journalagent.com/tpa/pdfs/ TPA_48_2_145_151.pdf
26. Salarfard, M., Moeindarbary, S., Khojastehfard, Z., Vafisani, F., Asgarlou, Z., Khodabandeh, M., ... & Ashrafinia, F. (2020). Effect of fenugreek on breastfeeding adequacy in breastfeeding mothers: A review study. International Journal of Pediatrics, 8(8), 11831−11836. https:// doi.org/10.22038/ijp.2020.47365.3843.
27. Tamri, P., Hemmati, A., & Boroujerdnia, M. (2014). Wound healing properties of quince seed mucilage: in vivo evaluation in rabbit full-thickness wound model. International Journal of Surgery, 12(8), 843−247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.06.016
28. Tanker, M., & Tanker, N. (1991). Pharmacognosy. Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy of Ankara University. Tanriverdi, S., Koroglu, O. A., Kultursay, N., & Egemen, A. (2014). Views and approaches of mothers on the factors that increase breast milk. The Journal of Pediatric Research, 1(2), 84-86. https://doi.org/10.4274/jpr.87597
29. Toppo, F.A., & Pawar, R.S., (2015). Development, optimization and evaluation of different herbal formulations for wound healing. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, 447– 452.
30. Unsur, E.K., Gundogan, B.D., Unsur, M.T., & Okan, F.F. (2014). Evaluation of knowledge and attitudes of breastfeeding mothers on breastfeeding. Eurasian Journal of Family Medicine (EJFM), 3(1), 33-40.
31. Vamsi, S., Satish, C., Nagaveni, K., Joy, J.M., & Latha, P., (2014). Formulation and evaluation of polyherbal wound healing ointment. International Journal of Pharma Research & Review, 3(4), 66–73.
32. World Health Organization (WHO). Infant and young child feeding. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets /fs342/en/.
33. Zhong, S.P., Zhang, Y.Z., & Lim, C.T. (2010). Tissue scaffolds for skin wound healing and dermal reconstruction. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2, 510–525. https://doi.org/10.1002 /wnan.100.