A Review on Antileismanial Activities of Thiazol Derivatives

Öz

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with significant global health implications. Over 20 species of Leishmania are pathogenic to humans and can be found in the blood and various tissues. Leishmaniasis is one of the seven most significant tropical diseases and is second only to malaria in terms of mortality caused by protozoan parasites. It occurs on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Leishmaniasis is a disease with a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from clinically self-limiting skin lesions to fatal visceral forms. Existing therapies suffer from toxicity, high cost, and emerging drug resistance, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatments. Thiazoles are heterocyclic bioactive compounds with a five-membered ring containing sulfur and nitrogen. Thiazole derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial, including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic properties. Thiazole derivatives, known for their diverse pharmacological properties, have recently emerged as potent antileishmanial candidates. The evidence suggests that thiazole derivatives represent promising scaffolds for future drug development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leishmaniasis
• Antileishmanial activity
• Organic compounds
• Thiazole

Tiyazol Türevlerinin Antileishmanial Aktiviteleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Leishmaniasis, küresel sağlık açısından önemli sonuçları olan, ihmal edilmiş bir tropikal hastalıktır. 20'den fazla Leishmania türü insanlarda patojeniktir ve kanda ve çeşitli dokularda bulunabilir. Leishmaniasis, yedi önemli tropikal hastalıktan biridir ve protozoan parazitlerin neden olduğu ölüm oranları açısından sıtmadan sonra ikinci sırada yer alır. Avustralya ve Antarktika hariç her kıtada görülür. Leishmaniasis, klinik olarak kendi kendini sınırlayan deri lezyonlarından ölümcül viseral formlara kadar geniş bir klinik spektruma sahip bir hastalıktır. Mevcut tedaviler toksisite, yüksek maliyet ve ortaya çıkan ilaç direnci sorunlarından muzdariptir ve bu da yeni tedavilere acil ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Tiyazoller, kükürt ve azot içeren beş üyeli bir halkaya sahip heterosiklik biyoaktif bileşiklerdir. Tiyazol türevleri, antioksidan, analjezik ve antimikrobiyal dahil olmak üzere geniş bir biyolojik aktivite yelpazesi sergiler; bunlar arasında antibakteriyel, antifungal, antimalaryal, antikanser, antialerjik, antihipertansif, antiinflamatuar ve antipsikotik özellikler bulunur. Çeşitli farmakolojik özellikleriyle bilinen tiyazol türevleri, son zamanlarda güçlü antileishmanial adaylar olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Elde edilen kanıtlar, tiyazol türevlerinin gelecekteki ilaç geliştirme için umut vadeden iskeletler olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Leishmaniasis
• Leishmaniasis
• Antileishmanial aktivite
• Organik bileşikler
• Tiyazol

Kaynakça

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