The Effect of Music Therapy on Pain, Anxiety and Vital Signs in Patients Undergoing Spinal Anaesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Öz

Purpose: Music therapy has a wide range of uses in health care practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intraoperative music played during spinal anesthesia operation on the patients’ intraoperative vital signs, postoperative pain, and anxiety. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the knee replacement surgery with spinal anesthesia. 90 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either music group (n:30), non-sedated group (n:30) and sedated (n:30) group respectively. The music group received standard care and music intervention (self-chosen) during the operation, the non-sedated group received only standard care and the sedation was performed to the sedated group. Measures include pain, anxiety, vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate). Results: In terms of vital signs, intraoperative respiratory rates of the music group were significantly different in the three groups, but there was no difference between the groups. No complication was observed in the music group during the operation, but complications were observed in the non-sedated and sedated groups. Similar postoperative pain was observed between the groups. However, the postoperative pain score was lower in the sedated group. The interventions in the music group significantly altered the postoperative anxiety levels. Conclusion: Music therapy performed during spinal anesthesia was found to be a cost-effective method that was as competent as sedation on vital signs, pain, and anxiety. Moreover, it also increased patient satisfaction.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Music therapy
• Postoperative pain
• Anxiety
• Vital signs
• Spinal anesthesia

Kaynakça

1. Allen, K., Golden, L. H., Izzo, J. L., Ching, M. I., Forrest, A., Niles, C. R., Niswander, P. R., & Barlow, J. C. (2001). Normalization of hypertensive responses during ambulatory surgical stress by perioperative music. Psychosomatic Medicine, 63(3), 487–492. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006842-200105000-00019
2. Allred, K. D., Byers, J. F., & Sole, M. Lou. (2010). The Effect of Music on Postoperative Pain and Anxiety. Pain Management Nursing, 11(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2008.12.002
3. Bae, I., Lim, H. M., Hur, M. H., & Lee, M. S. (2014). Intra-operative music listening for anxiety, the BIS index, and the vital signs of patients undergoing regional anesthesia. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 22(2), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2014.02.002
4. Bansal, P., Kharrod, U., Sanwatsarkar, S., Patel, H., & Kamat H. (2010). The Effect Of Music Therapy On Sedative Requirements And Haemodynamic Parameters In Patients Under Spinal Anaesthesia; A Prospective Study. Journal Of Clinical And Diagnostic Research, 4, 2782–2789.
5. Çelebi, D., Yılmaz, E., S, S. T., & Baydur, H. (2020). The effect of music therapy during colonoscopy on pain , anxiety and patient comfort : A randomized controlled trial ☆. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 38(August 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.101084
6. Chen, H. J., Chen, T. Y., Huang, C. Y., Hsieh, Y. M., & Lai, H. L. (2015). Effects of music on psychophysiological responses and opioid dosage in patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery. Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 12(4), 309–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12070
7. Chou, M. H., & Lin, M. F. (2006). Exploring the listening experiences during guided imagery and music therapy of outpatients with depression. Journal of Nursing Research, 14(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.JNR.0000387567.41941.14
8. Daniel T. L. Shek. (1993). The Chinese version of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory: Its relationship to different measures of psychological well‐being. Journal of Clinical Psyhology, 49(3), 349–358. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199305)49:3<349::AID-JCLP2270490308>3.0.CO;2-J

9. Eti Aslan, F. (2002). The assessment methods of pain. Journal of Cumhuriyet University School of Nursing, 6(1), 9–16.
10. Gökçek, E., & Kaydu, A. (2020). The effects of music therapy in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty surgery under general anesthesia. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, 86(4), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.01.008
11. Graversen, M., & Sommer, T. (2013). Perioperative music may reduce pain and fatigue in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 57, 1010–1016. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12100
12. Karamızrak, N. (2014). Healing effects of sound and music on the organs. Kosuyolu Heart Journal, 17(1), 54–57. https://doi.org/10.4274/khj.4775
13. Ko, S. Y., Leung, D. Y. P., & Wong, E. M. L. (2019). Effects of easy listening music intervention on satisfaction , anxiety , and pain in patients undergoing colonoscopy : a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 977–986.
14. Koc, H., Erk, G., Apaydin, Y., Horasanli, E., Yigitbasi, B., & Dikmen, B. (2009). The Effects of Classical Turkish Music on Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair under Epidural Anesthesia. Turk Anaesth Int Care, 37(6), 366–373.
15. Kömürcü, E., Kiraz, H. A., Kaymaz, B., Gölge, U. H., Nusran, G., Göksel, F., Şahin, H., Ömür, D., & Hanc, V. (2015). The effect of intraoperative sounds of saw and hammer on psychological condition in patients with total knee arthroplasty: Prospective randomized study. Scientific World Journal, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/690569
16. Kühlmann, A. Y. R., Rooij, A. De, Kroese, L. F., Dijk, M. Van, Hunink, M. G. M., & Jeekel J. (2018). Meta-analysis evaluating music interventions for anxiety and pain in surgery. BJS, 105, 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.10853
17. Labrague, L. J., & McEnroe-Petitte, D. M. (2016). Influence of Music on Preoperative Anxiety and Physiologic Parameters in Women Undergoing Gynecologic Surgery. Clinical Nursing Research, 25(2), 157–173. https://doi.org/10.1177/1054773814544168
18. Laframboise-otto, J. M., Horodyski, M., Parvataneni, H. K., & Horgas, A. L. (2020). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Music for Pain Relief after Arthroplasty Surgery. Pain Management Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2020.09.003
19. Lee, C., Lee, C., Hsu, M., Lai, C., Sung, Y., Lin, C., Ot, L., & Lin, L. (2017). Effects of Music Intervention on State Anxiety and Physiological Indices in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation in the Intensive Care Unit : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Biological Research for Nursing, 19(2), 137–144. https://doi.org/10.1177/1099800416669601
20. Lepage, C., Drolet, P., Girard, M., Grenier, Y., & DeGagné, R. (2001). Music decreases sedative requirements during spinal anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 93(4), 912–916. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200110000-00022
21. Liu, Y., & Petrini, M. A. (2015). Effects of music therapy on pain, anxiety, and vital signs in patients after thoracic surgery. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 23(5), 714–718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2015.08.002
22. Maria Jiménez Jiménez, García Escalona, A., Martín López, A., Vera Vera, R. De, & Haro, J. De. (2013). Intraoperative stress and anxiety reduction with music therapy: A controlled randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Journal of Vascular Nursing, 31(3), 101–106.
23. Nguyen, C. V., Alvin, M., Lee, C., George, D., Gilmore, A., Tripi, P. A., & Liu, R. W. (2020). A prospective randomised study on efficacy of music for decreasing preoperative anxiety in children. Journal of Perioperative Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750458920939780
24. Ozdemir, U., Tasci, S., Yildizhan, E., Aslan, S., & Eser, B. (2019). The Effect of Classical Turkish Music on Pain Severity and Anxiety Levels in Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy. Pain Management Nursing, 20(1), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2018.04.009
25. Sarkar, D., Chakraborty, K., Bhadra, B., Ghorai, T. K., Singh, R., & Mandal, U. (2015). Effects of music on patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences Ver. IX, 14(10), 2279–2861. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-141095155
26. Sarkar, D., Chakraborty, K., Bhadra, B., Ghorai, T. K., Singh, R., & Mandal, U. (2017). Effects of music on patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia Effects of music on patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery under spinal anaesthesia Abstract : October 2015. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-141095155
27. Scheufler, A., Wallace, D. P., & Fox, E. (2020). Comparing Three Music Therapy Interventions for Anxiety and Relaxation in Youth With Amplified Pain. Journal of Music Therapy, Xx, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/thaa021
28. Sendelbach, S. E., Halm, M. A., Doran, K. A., Miller, E. H., & Gaillard, P. (2006). Effects of music therapy on physiological and psychological outcomes for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 21(3), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005082-200605000-00007
29. Sener, E. B., Koylu, N., Ustun, F. E., Kocamanoglu, S., & Ozkan, F. (2010). The effects of music, white noise and operating room noise on perioperative anxiety in patients under spinal anesthesia. European Journal Of Anaesthesiology (EJA), 24(47), 133. https://doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199584543.003.0006
30. Surucu, S. G., Ozturk, M., Vurgec, B. A., Alan, S., & Akbas, M. (2018). The effect of music on pain and anxiety of women during labour on fi rst time pregnancy : A study from Turkey. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 30, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.12.015
31. Uyar, M., & Korhan, E. A. (2011). The effect of music therapy on pain and anxiety in intensive care patients. E Journal of The Turkish Society of Algology, 23(4). Vaughn, F., Wichowski, H., & Bosworth, G. (2007). Does Preoperative Anxiety Level Predict Postoperative Pain ? Aorn Journal, 85(3), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-2092(07)60130-6
32. Zhu, N. N., Xu, P. P., Lei, T. T., Sun, T., & Chan, S. W. C. (2017). Postoperative Pain Self-Management Behavior in Patients Who Underwent Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty. AORN Journal, 105(4), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aorn.2017.02.001