The Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) Scale (Short Version): The Turkish Validity and Reliability Study in Patients Admitting to Dermatology Clinic

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine the Turkish validity and reliability of the LEE Scale (short version) in patients admitted to the Dermatology Clinic, and to ensure its use in patient evaluations for dermatology and other branches. Material and Methods: The LEE Scale (short version) had 38 items, and was developed originally in English. The scale was translated into Turkish by following the proper translation steps. The Turkish scale that was created was applied to the patients. A total of 510 people, 279 of whom were women (54.7%), and 231 men (45.3%), applying to Sivas Cumhuriyet University Hospital Dermatology Clinic were included in the study. The internal structure consistency and test-retest reliability were measured for reliability analyses. The Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient was estimated for internal consistency. The scale was applied to 50 patients twice, at baseline and two weeks later for test-retest reliability, which was also statistically evaluated with the Pearson Correlation Test. The Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed to evaluate the construct validity of the scale. The significance level was taken as p<0.05. Results: The ages of the patients included in the study ranged between 18 and 72, and the mean age was 28.2±9.6. The Cronbach-Alpha Coefficient was found to be 0.915 in the internal structure consistency measurement. The correlation coefficient was calculated as r=0.868 in test-retest reliability. The total LEE scale (short version) score was a mean ± SD of 59.6 ± 14.2. Conclusion: It was concluded in the present study that the LEE Scale (short version) is a measurement tool that can be used in a reliable and valid manner for the evaluation of emotional expressions of individuals who have dermatological diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Expressed emotion
• Turkish version
• Validation
• Reliability
• Dermatology

Kaynakça

1. Andreoli, E. (1999). The psychological consultation for pediatric dermatology patients. Eur J Pediatr Dermatol, 9, 101-4.
2. Balcı, A. (1995), Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma, Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi, Ankara. 142-143.
3. Berksun, O. E. Y., & Ünlüoğlu, G. T. D. (1992). Şizofreni'de aile faktörü: Expressed emotion ölçek geliştirme ve uyarlama denemesi (Doctoral dissertation, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı).
4. Butzlaff, R. L., Hooley, J. M. (1998). Expressed emotion and psychiatric relapse. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 55, 547–552. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.547
5. Cole, J. D., & Kazarian, S. S. (1988). The level of expressed emotion scale: a new measure of expressed emotion. Journal of Clinical psychology, 44(3), 392-397. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097
6. Devaramane V, Pai NB, Vella SL. (2011). The effect of a brief family intervention on primary carer’s functioning and their schizophrenic relatives levels of psychopathology in India. Asian J Psychiatr, 4: 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2011.06.004
7. Ermertcan, A. T., Şahin, M. T., Kapulu, N., Deveci, A., & Öztürkcan, S. (2004). Dermatoloji kliniğinde yatarak tedavi gören hastalardan psikiyatrik konsültasyon gerektirenlerde saptanan ruhsal sorunlar. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(2), 23-26.
8. Gerlsma, C., & Hale, W. W. (1997). Predictive power and construct validity of the Level of Expressed Emotion (LEE) scale: Depressed out-patients and couples from the general community. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 170(6), 520-525. https://doi.org/ 10.1192/bjp.170.6.520

9. Gupta, M. A., Lanius Ruth, A., Bessel, A., Van der Kolk, B. (2005). Psychologic trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and dermatology. Dermatol Clin, 23, 649- 656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2005.05.018
10. Hale, W. W., Raaijmakers, Q. A., Gerlsma, C., & Meeus, W. (2007). Does the level of expressed emotion (LEE) questionnaire have the same factor structure for adolescents as it has for adults?. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(3), 215-220. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s00127-006-0145-0
11. Hayta, S. B., Guner, R., Akyol, M., Albayrak, F., Kuğu, N., & Ozcelik, S. (2018). Increased expressed emotion in patients with psoriasis. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia, 13(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.5114/nan.2018.77449
12. Hoste RR, le Grange D. (2008). Expressed emotion among white and ethnic minority families of adolescents with bulimia nervosa. Eur Eat Disord Rev, 16: 395-400. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.856
13. Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS ve AMOS 23 Uygulamalı İstatistiksel Analizler, Ankara, Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
14. Karasar, N. (1995), Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi, Kavramlar, İlkeler, Ankara: 3A Araştırma Eğitim Danışmanlık Ltd. 139-143.
15. Kavanaghi D. J. (1992). Recent developments in expressed emotion and schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiatry, 160, 601–620. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.160.5.601
16. Koblenzer, C. S. (1983). Psychosomatic concepts in dermatology. A dermatologist-psychoanalyst’s viewpoint. Arch Dermatol, 119, 501-512. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1983.01650300055017
17. Koo, J. Y., Do, J. H., Lee, C. S. (2000). Psychodermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol, 43, 848-53. https://doi.org/ 10.1067/mjd.2000.109274
18. Norman RMG, Malla AK. (1993). Stressful life events and schiophrenia. Br J of psychiatry, 162: 161-174. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.2.161
19. Tüzer, V., Zincir, S., Başterzi, A. D., Aydemir, Ç., Kısa, C., & Göka, E. (2003). Şizofreni hastalarında aile ortamı ve duygu dışavurumunun değerlendirilmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri, 6(4), 189-197.