Elektromanyetik Alanın Maya Hücreleri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Son yıllarda, oldukça düşük frekanslı elektromanyetik alanın halk sağlığı üzerindeki olası etkileri, giderek ilgiçekici bir hale gelmiştir. Genellikle elektromanyetik alan, yüksek gerilim hatları civarında oluşurken, evlerimizdeve iş yerlerimizde günlük olarak kullandığımız saç kurutma makinesi ve televizyon gibi elektrikli cihazlarda elektromanyetik alan kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada, 50 Hz frekanslı 30 T elektromanyetik alanın Saccharomycescerevisiaetüründeki transkripsiyon ve translasyon sistemleri ile organizmanın üremesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır.Elektromanyetik alan, Helmholtz Çemberi aracılığı ile oluşturulmuş ve alan düzeyi 50 Hz, 30 T özellikle günlükhayatta insanların maruz kalabileceği bir dozda seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, elektromanyetikalan maya hücrelerinin toplam mRNA düzeyi ve protein miktarında azalmaya yol açmış ve aynı zamanda hücrelerinçoğalma hızını düşürmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, elektromanyetik alanın biyolojik etkilerine dair molekülermekanizmaların henüz tam olarak açıklanmamış olması nedeniyle önemlidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Elektromanyetik alan, transkripsiyon, S.cerevisiae, translasyon, protein, hücre çoğalması

The Investigation Of The Effects Of Electromagnetic Fields On Yeast Cells

Abstract

Recently, the possible effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on the public health havebecome an interesting subject. Electromagnetic fields generally occur around the high voltage lines and also someelectrical machines, such as fun and TV, used routinely at home and offices. In this study, the effects of 50 Hzfrequency 30 T electromagnetic fields on the transcription and translation properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiaecells, and growth of the organism were investigated. Electromagnetic fields were generated with Helmholtz coil andits level 50 Hz, 30 T was especially selected in a range to which human beings could be exposed in their daily life.As a result, electromagnetic fields decreased total mRNA level and protein amount of the yeast cells and alsoreduced the reproduction speed. The results obtained in this study are important, since the molecular mechanismsof the biological effects of electromagnetic fields have not been completely understood yet

Keywords

• Electromagnetic fields, transcription, S.cerevisiae, translation, protein, cell reproduction

Kaynakça

1. Goodman EM, Greenebaum B, Marron MT. Effects of electromagnetic fields on molecules and cells. Int Rev Cytol. 1995; 158: 279-338.
2. Savitz DA, John EM, Kleckner RC. Magnetic field exposure from electric appliances and childhood cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 1990; 131: 763-73.
3. London SJ, Thomas DC, Bowman JD, Sobel E, Cheng TC, Peters JM. Exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and risk of childhood leukemia. Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 134: 923-37.
4. Jauchem JR, Merritt JH. The epidemiology of exposure to electromagnetic fields: An overview of the recent literature. J Clin Epidemiol 1991; 44: 895-906.
5. Demers PA, Thomas DB, Rosenblatt KA, et al. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields and breast cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol. 1991; 134 (4): 340-7.
6. Therıault G. Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer Risks. Rev Epidemiol Sante. 1992; 40: 555-61.
7. Goodman R, Chizmadzhev Y, Shirly-Henderson A. Electromagnetic fields and cells. J Cell Biochem. 1993; 51: 436-41.
8. Matanoski GM, Elliot EA, Breysse PN, Lynberg MC. Leukemia in telephone linemen. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 137: 609-19.

9. Feychting M, Ahlbom A. Magnetic fields and cancer in children residing near Swedish high-voltage power lines. Am J Epidemiol. 1993; 138: 467-81.
10. Polk C, Postow E. Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields. New York: CRC Press, 1996: 103- 142.
11. Galt S, Whalstrom J, Hamnerıus Y, Holmqvist D, Johannesson T. Study of effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields on choromosome aberration and growth-related enzyme ODC in human amniotic cells. Bioelectroch Bioener.1995; 36: 1-8.
12. Gürgün V, Halkman AK. Mikrobiyolojide Sayım Yöntemleri. 2. baskı. İstanbul: Gıda Teknolojisi Derneği Yayınları No: 7, 1990.
13. Temizkan G, Arda, N. Moleküler Biyolojide Kullanılan Yöntemler. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi Biyoteknoloji ve Genetik Mühendisliği Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi (Biyogem) Yayın No:1 Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 1999: 33-149.
14. Hoffman CS, Winston F. A ten minute DNA preparation from yeast efficiently releases autonomous plasmid for transformation of Escherichia coli. Gene. 1987; 57: 267-72.
15. Horvath A, Riezman H. Rapid protein extraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast. 1994; 10 (10): 1305-10.
16. Schleif RF, Wensinle PC. Practical Methods in Molecular Biology, New York: 1981: 74-75.
17. Phillips JL, Haggren W, Thomas WJ, Ishida-Jones T, Adey WR. Magnetic field-induced changes in specific gene transcription. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992; 1132: 140-4.
18. Binninger DM, Ungvichian V. Effects of 60 Hz ac magnetic fields on gene expression following exposure over multiple cell generations using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioelectroch Bioener.1997; 43 (1): 83-9.
19. Schreiber WG, Teichmann EM, Schiffer I, et al. Lack of mutagenic and co-mutagenic effects of magnetic fields during magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2001; 14: 779-88.
20. Novikov VV, Sheiman IM, Fesenko EE. Effect of weak and extraweak magnetic fields on the intensity of asexual propagation of Planarians Dugesia tigrina. Biofizika. 2002; 47: 125-9.
21. Malko JA, Constantinidis I, Dillehay D, Fajman WA. Search for influence of 1.5 tesla magnetic field on growth of yeast cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 1994; 15(6): 495-501.
22. Schimmelpfeng J, Dertinger H. The action of 50 Hz magenetic and electric fields upon cell proliferation and cyclic amp content of cultured mammalian cells. Bioelectroch Bioener. 1993; 30: 143-50.