Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccase enzyme

Öz

Environmental pollution had emerged by the beginning of urban life and increased parallel to the industrial development. Rapidly increasing industrial activities, dumping of the wastes to the environment by the factories and releasing of the toxic chemicals have adverse impact on human health. Due to their ability to oxidise a wide range of substrates, which makes laccases very useful biocatalysts for their application to different industrial and biotechnological areas in recent years. Laccase enzyme is used in enhancing appearance color of the foods and drinks, in seperating lignin from paper and paper pulp and removing lignin from paper pulp, in textile industry as a colourant, bleaching of textile products, denim washing, various boiling processes, biological degradation and discoloration of textile waste waters, in different industries such as bioremediation and cosmetic industries and in biotechnology applications as biocatalyst. Laccase enzymes are obtained mainly from fungi and various types of organisms. In today’s conditions laccase enzyme are not obtained cheaply and easily for use in the industrial field. Surplus amount of laccase enzyme production is required for the bioremoval of the contaminated zones especially in industrial areas. To find the most effective laccase-producing source, it is required to choose the most appropriate fungal type, to find out the regenerative and inexpensive isolation methods or to optimize the enzyme production conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Laccase, Laccase gene, biotechnological applications

Lakkaz enziminin endüstriyel ve biyoteknoloji alanında kullanımı

Öz

Çevre kirliliği kentsel yaşamın başlamasıyla birlikte ortaya çıkmış ve endüstriyel gelişmeler sonucu artış göstermiştir. Hızla artan endüstriyel faaliyetler ve bunun sonucu olarak fabrikaların çevreye bırakmış olduğu atıklar ile toksik kimyasal salınımı insan sağlığını olumsuz etkilenmektedir. Lakkaz enzimi oldukça geniş bir çeşitlilikteki substratları oksitleyebilme özelliğinden dolayı son zamanlarda bu enzimlerin farklı endüstriyel alanlarda kullanılmalarına yol açmıştır. Lakkaz enzimi, gıdaların veya meşrubatların görünüm renklerinin artırılması, kağıt ve kağıt hamurundaki ligninin ayrıştırılması ve kağıt hamurundan uzaklaştırılması, tekstil endüstrisinde boyar madde olarak kullanımı, tekstil ürünlerinin ağartılması, kot yıkama, çeşitli kaynatma işlemleri, tekstil atık sularının biyolojik parçalanması ve renksizleştirilmesinde kullanımı, biyoremidasyon ve kozmetik gibi farklı endüstriyel ve biyoteknolojik uygulamalarda biyokatalizör olarak kullanılmaktadır. Lakkaz enzimleri başta fungus türleri olmak üzere çeşitli organizmalardan elde edilmektedir. Günümüz koşullarında lakkaz enzimi endüstriyel alanlarda kullanım için ucuz ve kolay elde edilememektedir. Özellikle endüstriyel alanlarda kirlenmiş bölgelerin biyogiderimi için fazla miktarlarda lakkaz enzimi üretimi gerekmektedir. Lakkaz üreten en etkili kaynağı bulmak için en uygun fungal türünü seçmek, yeniden üretilebilir ve pahalı olmayan izolasyon yöntemlerini bulmak ya da enzim üretim koşullarını optimize etmek gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lakkaz, Lakkaz gen, Biyoteknolojik uygulamalar

Kaynakça

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