Şanlıurfa yöresindeki Anofel larvalarının morfolojik tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerin araştırılması

Öz

Amaç: Sivrisinek kontrol çalışmalarının bilimsel temelli olarak yapılabilmesi için vektör türlerinin tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi son derece önemlidir. Bu çalışmada Şanlıurfa yöresinde Anopheles türlerinin morfolojik yöntemle tanımlanması ve üreme alanlarının fiziksel ve ekolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: 29 Eylül 2009 ile 03 Ekim 2009 tarihleri arasında sıtma vakalarının görüldüğü Şanlıurfa ilinin Birecik, Eyyübiye, Haliliye, Harran, Siverek ve Viranşehir ilçelerinde belirlenen dokuz üreme alanından sivrisinek larvası toplanmış, dördüncü evre larvaları morfolojik karakterleri DuBose ve Curtin 1965 , Merdivenci 1984 ve Darsie ve Samanidou-Vojadjoglou 1997 ’nın anahtarlarına göre tanımlanmıştır. Üreme alanlarındaki suyun temel ekolojik parametrelerinden sıcaklık ve çözünmüş oksijen ExStik® DO600 Extech Instruments-USA ; pH ve iletkenlik Hanna Instruments 98129 pH/Conductivity/TDS Tester Hanna InstrumentsGermany ; tuzluluk ExStik®II EC400 Conductivity/TDS/ Salinity/Temperature Meter Extech Instruments-USA kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.Bulgular: Toplanan 274 dördüncü evre larvalardan 231 %84,3 were identified as An. sacharovi and 41 %14,96 of them were identified as An. superpictus. Two 0,73% samples identified as Anopheles genus, species discrimination could not be done. In %88,89 n=8 of nine breeding places An. sacharovi and in %11,11 n=1 of total breeding places An. superpictus found to be dominant species according to the morphological results. Malaria vector An. sacharovi detected in all breeding places which had different pH values, dissolved oxygen proportions, electrical conductivity, water temperature and salinity proportions with horizontal vegetation. The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of species found to be as: pH – 7,77-9,18 mean 8,53 ; electrical conductivity – 310-1100 µS/cm mean 496,91 ; dissolved oxygen mg/l – 1,64-13,06 mean 9,67 ; temperature of water – 20,3-25,8 °C mean 23,46 ; salinity 0,15-0,55 ppt mean 0,24 . The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of An. superpictus species in study area measured as: pH 8,48; electrical conductivity 710 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen 8,91 mg/l; temperature of water 25,8 °C; salinity 0,35. In statistical analysis of physical and ecological characteristics of mosquito breeding places; no significant difference between pH values p=0,189 was found between An. sacharovi and An. superpictus breeding places but significant difıference have been found in water temperature p= 0,0000001 , electrical conductivity p= 0,0000001 , salinity p= 0,0000001 and dissolved oxygen p= 0,001 values. Conclusion: An. sacharovi is thought to be considered to be primary malaria vector in Şanlıurfa Province as it can become the dominant species in malaria endemic areas and also in areas where transmission reoccur due to its ecological flexibility. In this context, vector control strategies in Şanlıurfa

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anopheles, sıtma, Şanlıurfa, üreme alanı, vektör

Morphological identification of Anopheles larvae, and investigation of physical and ecological characteristics of reproduction areas in Sanliurfa region

Abstract

Objective: Identification of vector species and determination of physical and ecological features of their breeding places is essential in implementation of scientific based mosquito control activities. In this study, it is aimed to identify Anopheles species by morphological method and determination of physical and ecological characteristics of their breeding places in Şanlıurfa territory.Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected between September 29 and October 03, 2009 from determined 9 breeding places in Birecik, Eyyübiye, Haliliye, Harran, Siverek and Viransehir districts of Şanlıurfa province where malaria cases had been reported and four instar larvae were identified morphologically according to keys of DuBose ve Curtin 1965 , Merdivenci 1984 and Darsie and Samanidou-Vojadjoglou 1997 . Essential ecological parameters of water in breeding places were measured. Temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured by using ExStik® DO600 Extech Instruments-USA ; pH and conductivity were measured by using Hanna Instruments 98129 pH / Conductivity /TDS Tester Hanna InstrumentsGermany and salinity was measured using ExStik®II EC400 Conductivity/TDS / Salinity/Temperature Meter Extech Instruments-USA .Results: Of the 274 four instar larvae collected, 231 %84,3 were identified as An. sacharovi and 41 %14,96 of them were identified as An. superpictus. Two 0,73% samples identified as Anopheles genus, species discrimination could not be done. In %88,89 n=8 of nine breeding places An. sacharovi and in %11,11 n=1 of total breeding places An. superpictus found to be dominant species according to the morphological results. Malaria vector An. sacharovi detected in all breeding places which had different pH values, dissolved oxygen proportions, electrical conductivity, water temperature and salinity proportions with horizontal vegetation. The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of species found to be as: pH – 7,77-9,18 mean 8,53 ; electrical conductivity – 310-1100 µS/cm mean 496,91 ; dissolved oxygen mg/l – 1,64-13,06 mean 9,67 ; temperature of water – 20,3-25,8 °C mean 23,46 ; salinity 0,15-0,55 ppt mean 0,24 . The limits of tolerance for essential ecological parameters of An. superpictus species in study area measured as: pH 8,48; electrical conductivity 710 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen 8,91 mg/l; temperature of water 25,8 °C; salinity 0,35. In statistical analysis of physical and ecological characteristics of mosquito breeding places; no significant difference between pH values p=0,189 was found between An. sacharovi and An. superpictus breeding places but significant difıference have been found in water temperature p= 0,0000001 , electrical conductivity p= 0,0000001 , salinity p= 0,0000001 and dissolved oxygen p= 0,001 values. Conclusion: An. sacharovi is thought to be considered to be primary malaria vector in Şanlıurfa Province as it can become the dominant species in malaria endemic areas and also in areas where transmission reoccur due to its ecological flexibility. In this context, vector control strategies in Şanlıurfa

Keywords

• Anopheles, malaria, Şanlıurfa, breeding place, vector

Kaynakça

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