Anadolu ve Balkan Yarımadası’nda Kırım Kongo kanamalı ateşi KKKA ’nin güncel durumu

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 3, 139 - 151, 01.09.2011

Yavuz Uyar Iva Christova Anna Papa

Öz

Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi KKKA , özellikle Ixodid cinsi kene ısırığı esas olarak Hyalomma cinsi tarafından insanlara bulaşan viral bir hastalıktır. CCHFV, Bunyaviridae ailesinden Nairovirus cinsine aittir. KKKA virüsü segmentli, tek iplikli, negatif polariteli bir RNA virüsüdür. Hastalığın başlangıcında ani ateş, titreme, şiddetli baş ağrısı, sırt ağrısı ya da bacak ağrıları, kas ağrısı, mide bulantısı ve kusma gibi belirtiler olabilir. KKKA, ilk olarak eski Sovyetler Birliği ve Kongo’da tespit edilmiş olup, hızlıca Avrupa, Asya ve Afrika’nın büyük bölümüne yayılmıştır ve 30’dan fazla ülkede bildirimi yapılmıştır.İklim değişiklikleri; kenelerin yaşam döngüsünü ve göçmen kuşların göç yollarını etkileyebilir, KKKA’nden yoksun bölgelere virüs yayılımında ve kene sayısının artmasında rol alabilir. Tarım ve çiftçilik için arazi kullanımının genişletilmesi ve avcılık faaliyetlerindeki değişiklikler de KKKA insidansında rol oynayabilir. Hayvan ticareti ve nakli KKKA virüsü ile enfekte kenelerin endemik olmayan bölgelere transferine neden olarak konak-kene-virüs dinamiklerini etkileyebilir. Son yıllarda, Balkanlar’da ve Türkiye’de KKKA epidemiyolojisi değişmektedir. Balkanlar endemik KKKA bölgesi olarak bilinir ve heryıl sporadik vakalar, hatta salgınlar bildirilir. Balkanlar ve Türkiye’de yıllık olarak tespit edilen insan KKKA vakalarının sayısı artmaktadır. Hastalık, Balkanlarda; Bulgaristan, Kosova ve Arnavutluk

Anahtar Kelimeler

KKKA virüsü, Balkanlar, Anadolu, Türkiye

Current situation of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever CCHF in Anatolia and Balkan Peninsula

Öz

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever CCHF is a viral disease transmitted to humans mainly by bite of Ixodid ticks, mainly those of the Hyalomma genus. CCHFV belongs to the genus Nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. CCHF virus is a segmented, single stranded, negative sense and RNA viruses. The onset of the disease is very sudden, with symptoms such as fever, rigors, intense headache, chills, and backache or leg pains, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. CCHF originally identified in the former Soviet Union and the Congo, has rapidly spread across large sections of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and has been reported in more than 30 countries. The climatic changes may affect the life cycle of ticks and the routes of migratory birds, leading to tick abundance and virus distribution in CCHF-free areas. Extended use of land for agriculture and farming and changes in hunting activities play also a role in CCHF incidence, while livestock trade and movement may influence host-tick-virus dynamics resulting in transfer of CCHFV-infected ticks in non-endemic areas. Recent years, the epidemiology of CCHF is changing in Balkans and Turkey. Balkan Peninsula is a known endemic CCHF area, and sporadic cases and even outbreaks are being reported every year. The annual number of human CCHF cases is increasing in Balkans and Turkey. While Bulgaria, Kosovo and Albania were

Anahtar Kelimeler

CCHF virus, Balkans, Anatolia, Turkey

Kaynakça

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