Kıtalararası köprü; Avrupa ve Küçük Asya’nın Hantavirüsleri

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 68 Sayı: 1, 41 - 48, 01.03.2011

Paul Heyman Christel Cochez Gulay Korukluoglu Aysegul Gözalan Yavuz Uyar åke Lundkvist

Öz

Hantavirüs cinsinin üyeleri, Bunyaviridea ailesi içinde yer alır ve Avrasya kıtasında renal sendromla seyreden kanamalı ateş RSKA ve Amerika kıtasında hantavirüs Kardiyopulmoner Kemirgenler –ve son olarak keşfedilen insektuvarlar böcek yiyiciler - şimdiye kadar keşfedilen hantavirus serotipleri için taşıyıcı olarak rol oynarlar. Avrupa alt kıtasında bütün bilinen hantavirüs taşıyıcıları Türkiye’de de mevcuttur. Bu nedenle, olasılıkla gelecekte daha birçok hantavirüs serotipi Türkiye’de tespit edilebilecektir. Avrupa kıtası üzerinde, RSKA on binlerce bireyi etkileyen endemik bir zoonozdur. Türkiye’nin Karadeniz bölgesinde 2009 yılında, hantavirüs hastalığının ilk salgını yaşanmıştır. Bu olay için, bölgedeki meteorolojik veriler önemli ölçüde ipuçları sağlayabilir: Temmuz-Ağustos-Eylül aylarındaki ortalama sıcaklık değerleri ve aylık ortalama yağış oranları önceki yıllara göre daha yüksektir. Bartın ilinde 2008 ve 2009 yılları aynı zamanda kayın Fagus sylvatica ağaçları için meşe palamudu yılı mast years idi. Bu olaylar uygun iklim koşulları ve gıda bolluğu , 2008 ve 2009 yıllarında salgın meydana gelen bölgelerde muhtemelen Bank Vole ve diğer tohum yiyen kemirgenlerde bir artışa yol açtı. Tarım ve ormancılık uzmanları tarafından sağlanan bilgilerle de kemirgen nüfus artışı teyit edilmiştir. Bu makalede Avrupa ve Türkiye’deki hantavirüs sorununa genel bir bakış sağlamayı amaçladık

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hantavirüs, Puumala, Dobrava, Avrupa, Türkiye

Bridging continents; Hantaviruses of Europe and Asia Minor

Öz

Members of the genus hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae, are the causative agents of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome HFRS on the Eurasian continent and Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome HCPS on the American continent. Rodents -and as was recently discovered also insectivores- act as carriers for the so far discovered hantaviral serotypes. All known hantavirus carriers from the European sub-continent are also present in Turkey. Therefore the possibility exists that in the future more hantavirus serotypes will be detected in Turkey. On the European subcontinent, HFRS is an endemic zoonosis that affects tens of thousands of individuals. In the year 2009 Turkey experienced his first outbreak of hantavirus disease in the Black Sea region. The meteorological data from the region provide clues for this event as both the average temperature in JulyAugust-September and monthly average precipitation were significantly higher than in previous years. The years 2008 and 2009 were also mast years for the beech Fagus sylvatica in the Bartin province. These events favorable climatic conditions and food abundance probably led to an abundance of bank voles and other seed-eating rodents as witnessed by information provided by agricultural and forestry experts concerning an increase in rodent populations in 2008 and 2009 in the regions where the outbreak occurred. Here we provide an overview of the hantavirus problem in Europe and Turkey

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hantavirus, Puumala, Dobrava, Europe, Turkey

Kaynakça

• 1. Heyman P, Vaheri A, Lundkvist Å , Avsic-Zupanc T. Hantavirus infections in Europe: from virus carrier to major health problem. Exp Rev of Anti-infect Ther, 2009; 7(2): 1-7.
• 2. Heyman P, Ceianu C, Christova I, Tordo N, Beersma M, Alves MJ, et al. ENIVD-CLRN report on nephropathia epidemica (NE) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Europe. Euro Surveill. Accepted Jan 2011.
• 3. Hjelle B, Torrez-Pérez F. Hantaviruses in the Americas and Their Role as Emerging Pathogens. Viruses, 2010; 2:2559-86.
• 4. Muranyi W, Bahr U, Zeier M, van der Woude FJ. Hantavirus infection. J Am Soc Nephrol, 2005; 16: 3669–79.
• 5. Atalay I. Mountain ecosystems of Turkey. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on high Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography, ICA 2002, Bishkek, Kyrgys Republic, Kartographische Bausteine, Band 28 (2004); Institute for Cartography, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Eds: M.F. Buchroithner (Institute for Cartography, Dresden University of Technology, Germany), 2004: pp 29-38.
• 6. Sensoy E, Demircan M, Ulupinar Y, Balta I. Climate of Turkey. Turkish State Meteorological Service. Eastern Mediterranean Climate Center. 2008. http://emcc.dmi.gov.tr/climate-analysis.aspx
• 7. Atalay I. The Effects of Mountainous Areas on Biodiversity: A Case Study from the Northern Anatolian Mountains and the Taurus Mountains. Grazer Schriften der Geographie und Raumforschung Band 41/2006. Institute for Geography and Regional Science, Karl Franzens University Graz, Austria, 2006: pp. 17–26.
• 8. Wilson DE, Reeder DM. (editors). Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference Johns Hopkins University Press. 3rd edition, 2005.
• 9. McCormick M. Rats, communications and plague: Toward an ecological history. J Interdiscipl Hist, 2003; 34(1); 1-25.
• 10. König S. The medieval settlement of Klein Freden near Salzgitter from the 9th - 13th century. Settlement - manor- horse husbandry. In: Materialhefte zur Urund Frühgeschichte Niedersachsens. Verlag Marie Leidorf GmbH, Rahden/Westf, 2007.
• 11. Twigg G. The Black Death: a biological reappraisal. Batsford Academic and Educational. (ISBN 0713446188), London, 1984.
• 12. Wessels W. Miocene rodent evolution and migration. Muroidea from Pakistan, Turkey and Northern Africa. Geologica Ultraiectina. Doctoral Tesis, (ISBN 978-90-5744-170-7), University of Utrecht, 2009.
• 13. Yiğit N, Çolak E, Sözen M, Karataş A. Rodents of Turkey. (Eds. Ali Demirsoy) Meteksan Co. Ankara, Turkey, 2006.
• 14. Felten H, Spitzenberger F, Storch G. Zur Kleinsaugerfauna West-Anatoliens. Teil II. Senckenbergiana Biol, 1973; 54: 227-90.
• 15. Pamukoğlu N, Albayrak İ. The Rodents of Kastamonu Province (Mammalia; Rodentia). Comm. Faculty of Sci., Univ. of Ankara, Serie C, 1996; 14(1-2): 1-22.
• 16. Yiğit N, Çolak E. Contribution to the geographic distribution of rodent species and ecological analyses of their habitats in Asiatic Turkey. Turk J Biol, 1998; 22: 435-46
• 17. Kefelioglu H, Tez C, Gündüz Ü. The Taxonomy and Distribution of Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in the European Part of Turkey. Turk J Zool, 2003; 27:141-6
• 18. Laakkonen J, Kallio-Kokko H, Oktem MA, Blasdell K, Plyusnina A, Niemimaa J, et al. Serological survey for viral pathogens in Turkish rodents. J Wildl Dis, 2006 ;42(3):672-6.
• 19. Tersago K, Verhagen R, Servais A, Heyman P, Ducoffre G, Leirs H. Hantavirus disease (nephropathia epidemica) in Belgium; effects of tree seed production and climate. Epidemiol Infect, 2009; 137:250-6.
• 20. Tersago K, Verhagen R, Vapalahti O, Heyman P, Ducoffre G, Leirs H. Hantavirus outbreak in Western Europe: reservoir host infection dynamics related to human disease patterns. Epidemiol Infect, 2010; 10:1-10
• 21. Brummer-Korvenkontio M, Henttonen H, Vaheri A. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Finland: ecology and virology of nephropathia epidemica. Scand J Infect Dis, 1982; 36:88-91.
• 22. Avsic-Zupanc T, Xiao SY, Stojanovic R, Gligic A, van der GG, Leduc JW. Characterization of Dobrava virus: a Hantavirus from Slovenia, Yugoslavia. J Med Virol 1992; 38(2):132-7.
• 23. Heyman P, Vaheri A, the ENIVD members. Situation of hantavirus infections and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in European countries as of December 2006. Euro Surveill, 2008;13(28):pii=18925.
• 24. Ertek M, Buzgan T. (On behalf of Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency; Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.) An outbreak caused by hantavirus in the Black Sea region of Turkey, January-May 2009. Euro Surveill, 2009; 21;14(20). pii: 19214.
• 25. Kaya S, Yilmaz G, Erensov S, Yağçı Çağlayık D, Uyar Y, Köksal I. Hantavirus infection: two case reports from a province in the Eastern Blacksea Region, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul, 2010; 44(3):479-87.
• 26. Oncul O, Atalay Y, Onem Y, Turhan V, Acar A, Uyar Y, et al. Hantavirus infection in istanbul, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis, 2011; 17(2):303-4.
• 27. Kavukcu S, Türkmen M, Salman A, Soylu A, Amsari DTC. What is the risk of nephropathy associated with hantavirus in Agean region? J Turkish Nephrol, 1997;3–4: 131–5.
• 28. Öktem IMA. Hantavirus ve kene ile bulasan ensefalit virusu infeksiyonlari. ANKEM Derg, 2009; 23(2): 245-48.
• 29. Rossignol-Strick M. Late Quaternary climate in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In: Paléorient, 1993; 19 (1):135-52.
• 30. Hewitt G. The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature, 2000; 405:907-13.
• 31. Koufos GD, Kostopoulos DS, Vlachou TD. Neogene/ Quaternary mammalian migrations in Eastern Mediterranean. Belg J Zool, 2005;135 (2):181-90.