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Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, - , 01.09.2012

Öz

Amaç: Amaç Metisiline dirençli Staphylococcus aureus MRSA ve metisiline dirençli koagülaz negatif stafilokoklar MRKNS dünya genelinde önemli enfeksiyon etkenleridir. Vankomisin ve diğer glikopeptit antibiyotikler MRSA ve MRKNS ile oluşan enfeksiyonların tedavisinde kullanılan belli başlı antibiyotiklerdir. Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarının yüksek prevelansı, vankomisin kullanımında artışa yol açmıştır. Bu durum ise metisiline dirençli stafiloklarda glikopeptitlere duyarlılığın azalmasına neden olmuştur. Vankomisine duyarlılığı azalmış olan MRSA suşlarının yol açtığı enfeksiyonların tedavi seçenekleri sınırlıdır. Tigesiklin MRSA ve/veya MRKNS’ nin yol açtığı enfeksiyonların antimikrobiyal tedavileri için alternatif olarak göz önünde tutulmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tigesiklinin çeşitli kliniklerden izole edilen metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarına karşı in vitro antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin belirlenmesidir. Yöntem: Stafilokok suşları Ocak ve Aralık 2010 tarihleri arasında Konya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarında izole edilmiştir. İzole edilen suşlar konvansiyonel metodlar ve tam otomatik bakteri identifikasyon ve duyarlılık sisteminin Phoenix 100, BD, Sparks, USA her ikisi kullanılarak tanımlanmıştır. Metisilin direnci disk difüzyon yöntemi oksasilin 1 µg ve sefoksitin 30 µg diskleri Klinik ve Laboratuvar Standartları Enstitüsü’nün Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute-CLSI talimatlarına göre uygulanmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. İzole edilen suşlar için tigesiklinin minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon MİK değerleri E-test metodu bio-Merieux Marcy l’Etoile, France ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Seksen beş dirençli stafilokok suşunda 35 %41 ’i Staphylococcus aureus ve 50 %59 ’si koagülaz negatif stafilokok olarak tanımlanmıştır. Otuz beş MRSA izolatı için tigesiklinin MİK değerleri şu şekilde bulunmuştur: MİK50: 0,094 µg/ml, MİK90: 0,5 µg/ml, 50 MRKNS izolatı için ise MİK50: 0,047 µg/ml, MİK90: 0,25. Bütün izolatların tamamı tigesikline duyarlı %100 bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları tigesiklinin MRSA ve MRKNS izolatlarının her ikisine karşı etkili in vitro antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Tigesiklin, dirençli MRSA ve MRKNS etkenlerinin yol açtığı enfeksiyonların tedavisinde alternatif antibiyotiklerin tamamının dirençli olduğu durumlarda son seçenek olarak tercih edilebilir.

Kaynakça

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Investigation of activity of tigecycline against methicillin-resistant staphylococci strains

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3, - , 01.09.2012

Öz

Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA and Methicillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci MRCNS are important cause of infections worldwide. Vancomycin and other glycopeptide antibiotics are mainstay of therapy for infections caused by MRSA and MRCNS. High prevalence of methicillin resistant staphylococci strains led to increased use of vancomycin. This situation caused to reduction of glycopeptide susceptibility in methicillinresistant staphylococci. Treatment options of infections due to MRSA with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin are limited. Tigecycline should be take into consideration as an antimicobial therapeutic alternative for infecitons caused by MRSA and/or MRCNS. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of tigecycline against methicillin-resistant staphylococci strains isolated from various clinical specimens. Method: Staphylococcus strains isolated at the Microbiology Laboratory of Konya Education and Research Hospital in between January and December in 2010. The isolated strains were identified by using both conventional methods and fully automated bacteria identification and susceptibility system Phoenix 100, BD, Sparks, USA . Methicillin resistance was determined and evaluated according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute CLSI instrucions by using disc diffusion method oxacillin 1 µg and cefoxitin 30 µg discs Minimum inhibitory concentration MIC values of tigecycline for isolated strains were detected with E-test method bio-Merieux Marcy l’Etoile, France . Results: Of all the eighty five methicillin-resistant staphylococci strains 35 41% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus and 50 59% coagulase negative staphylococci. MIC values of tigecycline for the 35 MRSA isolates were MIC50: 0.094 µg/ml, MIC90: 0.5 µg/ml and for the 50 MRCNS isolates were MIC50: 0.047 µg/ml, MIC90: 0.25 µg/ml. All isolates 100% were found to be sensitive to tigecycline. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that tigecycline was effective in vitro antimicrobial activity against both MRSA and MRCNS isolates. Tigecycline may be preferred as a last choice in the treatment of resistant infections due to the MRSA and MRCNS that alternative antibiotics were all resistant.

Kaynakça

  • Arslan P. Enteral beslenme ürünleri. In: Sağlık Bakanlığı. Gıda Denetçi Eğitim Materyali. 1. Basım. Ankara: Aydoğdu Ofset Baskı, 1998: 515-6.
  • Özdener H, Çelik C. Vitamin C’nin metabolik ve klinik önemi, yeni yaklaşımlar. T Klin Tıp Bilimleri, ; 13: 200-10. Okiei W, Ogunlesi M, Azeez L, Obakachi V, Osunsanmi M, Nkenckor G. The voltammetric and titrimetric determination of ascorbic acid levels in tropical fruit samples. Int J Electrochem Sci, 2009; : 276-87.
  • Sultan SM, Abdennabi AM, Suliman FE. Flow injection colorimetric method for the assay of vitamin C in drug formulations using tris, 1-10- phenanthroline-iron (III) complex as an oxidant in sulfuric acid media. Talanta, 1994; 41 (1): 30.
  • Sultan SM, Walmsley AD. Simultaneous kinetic method for the determination of vitamin C, citrate and oxalate employing the kalman fitler. Analyst, ; 122: 1601-4.
  • Danielczuk J, Pietrzykowski R, Zieliński W. Comparative study of the enzymatic method for determination of vitamin C with routine methods according to ISO. Pol J Food Nutr Sci, 2004; 13/54 (1): 41-6.
  • Bajaj KL, Kaur G. Spectrophotometric determina- tion of L-ascorbic acid in vegetables and fruits. Anaylst, 1981; 106: 117-20.
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  • Nishiwaki-Matsushima R, Ohta T, Nishiwaki S, Suganuma M, Kohyama K, Ishikawa T, Carmichael WW, Fujiki H. Liver tumor promotion by the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin- LR. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 1992; 118: 420–4.
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  • Tanabe Y, Sano T, Kasai F, Watanabe MM. Recombination, cryptic clades and neutral molecular divergence of the microcystin synthetase (mcy) genes of toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. BMC Evol Biol, 2009; 9:115.
  • Tillett D, Dittmann E, Erhard M, von Dohren H, Borner T, Neilan BA. Structural organization of microcystin biosynthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806: an integrated peptide-polyketide synthetase system. Chem Biol, 2000; 7: 753–64.
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  • Hicks LM, Moffitt MC, Beer LL, Moore B, Kelleher NL. Structural characterisation of in vitro and in vivo intermediates on the loading module of microcystin synthetase. ACS Chem Biol, 2006; 1: –102.
  • Nishizawa T, Asayama M, Shirai M. Cyclic heptapeptide microcystin biosynthesis requires the glutamate racemase gene. Microbiology, 2001; : 1235–41.
  • Sielaff H, Dittmann E, Tandeau De Marsac N, Bouchier C, Von Dohren H, Borner T, Schwecke T. The mcyF gene of the microcystin biosynthetic gene cluster from Microcystis aeruginosa encodes an aspartate racemase. Biochem J, 2003; 373: –16.
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  • Pearson LA, Hisbergues M, Borner T, Dittmann E, Neilan BA. Inactivation of an ABC transporter gene, mcyH, results in loss of microcystin production in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa PCC Appl Environ Microbiol, 2004; 70: 6370–8.
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  • Young FM, Thomson C, Metcalf JS, Lucocq JM, Codd GA. Immunogold localisation of microcystins in cryosectioned cells of Microcystis. J Struct Biol, ; 151: 208–14.
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  • Mikalsen B, Boison G, Skulberg OM, Fastner J, Davies W, Gabrielsen TM, Rudi K, Jakobsen KS. Natural variation in the microcystin synthetase operon mcyABC and impact on microcystin production in Microcystis strains. J Bacteriol, ; 185: 2774–85.
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  • Davis TW, Berry DL, Boyer GL, Gobler CJ. The effects of temperature and nutrients on the growth and dynamics of toxic and non-toxic strains of Microcystis during cyanobacteria blooms. Harmful Algae, 2009; 8 : 715–25.
  • Tonk L, Visser PM, Christiansen G, Dittmann E, Snelder EO, Wiedner C, Mur LR, Huisman J. The microcystin composition of the cyanobacterium Planktothrix agardhii changes toward a more toxic variant with increasing light intensity. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2005; 71: 5177–81.
  • Sevilla E, Martin-Luna B, Vela L, Bes MT, Fillat MF, Peleato ML. Iron availability affects mcyD expression and microcystin-LR synthesis in Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806. Environ Microbiol, ; 10: 2476–83.
  • Kaebernick M, Dittmann E, Borner T, Neilan BA. Multiple alternate transcripts direct the biosynthesis of microcystin, a cyanobacterial nonribosomal peptide. Appl Environ Microbiol, ; 68: 449–55.
  • Meissner K, Dittmann E, Borner T. Toxic and non- toxic strains of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa contain sequences homologous to peptide synthetase genes. FEMS Microbiol Lett, ;135: 295–303.
  • Dittmann E, Meissner K, Borner T. Conserved sequences of peptide synthetase genes in the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Phycologia, 1996; 35: 62–7.
  • Neilan BA, Dittmann E, Rouhiainen L, Bass RA, Schaub V, Sivonen K, Borner T. Nonribosomal peptide synthesis and toxigenicity of cyanobacteria. J Bacteriol, 1999; 181: 4089–97.
  • Kurmayer R, Kutzenberger T. Application of real- time PCR for quantification of microcystin genotypes in a population of the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2003; 69: –30.
  • Zhao S, Xie P, Li G, Jun C, Cai Y, Xiong Q, Zhao Y.The proteomic study on cellular responses of the testes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to microcystin-RR. Proteomics, 2012; 12(2): 300-12.
  • Srivastava A, Choi GG, Ahn CY, Oh HM, Ravi AK, Asthana RK. Dynamics of microcystin production and quantification of potentially toxigenic Microcystis sp. using real-time PCR. Water Res, ; 1: 46(3): 817-27.
  • Cantor GH, Beckonert O, Bollard ME, Keun HC, Ebbels TM, Antti H, Wijsman JA, Bible RH, Breau AP, Cockerell GL, Holmes E, Lindon JC, Nicholson JK. Integrated histopathological and urinary metabonomic investigation of the pathogenesis of Microcystin-LR toxicosis. Vet Pathol, 2012; in press.
Toplam 97 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Recep Keşli Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 69 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Keşli, R. (2012). Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 69(3).
AMA Keşli R. Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. Eylül 2012;69(3).
Chicago Keşli, Recep. “Metisiline dirençli Stafilokok suşlarında Tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 69, sy. 3 (Eylül 2012).
EndNote Keşli R (01 Eylül 2012) Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 69 3
IEEE R. Keşli, “Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, c. 69, sy. 3, 2012.
ISNAD Keşli, Recep. “Metisiline dirençli Stafilokok suşlarında Tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 69/3 (Eylül 2012).
JAMA Keşli R. Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2012;69.
MLA Keşli, Recep. “Metisiline dirençli Stafilokok suşlarında Tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, c. 69, sy. 3, 2012.
Vancouver Keşli R. Metisiline dirençli stafilokok suşlarında tigesiklin etkinliğinin araştırılması. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2012;69(3).