Metalürji işçilerin saç örneklerinden tespit edilen arsenik düzeyleri

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 70 Sayı: 1, 15 - 20, 01.03.2013

Vugar Ali Türksoy Dilek Kaya Hınç Ömer Yılmaz Tülin Söylemezoğlu

Öz

Amaç: Birçok ülkede özellikle çevresel metal maruziyetini ve ülke standartlarını belirlemek amacıyla toplum bireylerine ait veriler değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; arsenik maruziyeti olduğu düşünülen metalurji işçilerinin yanısıra bilinen bir metal maruziyeti olmayan gönüllülerden alınan saç örneklerinde arsenik analizi yapılarak ülkemizde yaşayanlara ait ortalama değerlerin bulunması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışmada, 20-58 yaş arası 175 erkek metalürji işçisi ile aynı yaş grubunda 21-60 yaş 175 erkek gönüllüye ait saç örneklerinde zeeman düzeltmeli grafit fırınlı atomik absorbsiyon spektroskopisi GFAAS ile arsenik analizi yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Metalurji işçilerine ait saç örneklerinde arsenik düzeyi 2,53±2,47 μg/g, kontrol grubunda ise 0,21±0,20 μg/g bulunmuştur. Metal maruziyeti olan grupta bulunan sonuçlar istatistiki olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksek bulunmuştur p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arsenik, atomik absorpsiyon spektrometresi, maden sektörü işçileri

Hair arsenic levels of metalurgical workers

Öz

Objective: In many countries, data obtained from individuals has been evaluated in order to determine environmental metal exposure and country standards. In the present study, the aim is to find out the mean arsenic levels of residents of our country by detecting the arsenic levels in hair samples of metallurgical workers who were thought to be exposed to arsenic and unexposed volunteers.Methods: The study population comprised 175 metallurgy workers aged 20 to 58 and 175 age-matched 21 to 60 years volunteers. GFAAS equipped with zeeman background correction system was utilized for hair as determination.Results: The average levels in hair of exposed workers and the control group was 2.53±2.47 μg/g and 0.21±0.20 μg/g, respectively. The level in hair was found significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group p

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arsenic, atomic absorption spectrometry, metallurgy workers

Kaynakça

• 1. Saad A, Hassanien MA. Assessment of arsenic level in the hair of the nonoccupational Egyptian population: pilot study. Environ Int, 2001; 27 (6): 471-8.
• 2. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxicological profile for arsenic Atlanta, GA: US Public Health Service, 1997.
• 3. Nriagu JO, Pacyna JM. Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace elements. Nature, 1988; 333: 134-9.
• 4. Abernathy CO, Liu Y, Longfellow D, Aposhian HV, Beck B, Fowler B, et al. Arsenic: health effects, mechanisms of actions and research issues. Environ Health Prespect, 1999; 107: 593-7.
• 5. Han B, Jeng WL, Chen RY, Fang GT, Hung TC, Tseng RJ. Estimation of target hazard quotients and potential health risks for metals by consumption of seafood in Taiwan. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 1998; 35: 711-20.
• 6. Thomas KW, Pellizzari ED, Berry MR. Populationbased dietary intakes and tap water concentrations for selected elements in the EPA region V. national human exposure assessment survey (NHEXAS). J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol, 1999; 9: 402-13.
• 7. Tripathi RM, Raghunath R, Krishnamoorthy TM. Arsenic intake by the adult population in Bombay city. Sci Total Environ, 1997; 208: 89-95.
• 8. Tamaki S, Frankenberger WTJ. Environmental biochemistry of arsenic. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol, 1992; 124: 79-110.
• 9. Ratnaike RN. Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgrad Med J, 2003; 79 (933): 391-6.
• 10. Buchet JP, Lauwerys R, Roels H. Comparison of the urinary excretion of arsenic metabolites after a single oral dose of sodium arsenite, monoethylarsenate, or dimethylarsenate in man. Int Arch Occup Environ Health, 1981; 48: 71-9.
• 11. Benramdane L, Accominotti M, Fanton L, Malicier D, Vallon JJ. Arsenic speciation in human organs following fatal arsenic trioxide poisoning-a case report. Clin Chem, 1999; 45: 301–6.
• 12. Benbrahim-Tallaa L, Waalkes MP. Inorganic arsenic and human prostate cancer. Environ Health Perspect, 2008; 116 (2): 158-64.
• 13. IARC. Some metals and metallic compounds. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Chem Hum, 1980; 23: 1-415.
• 14. Lamm SH, Robbins SA, Zhou C, Lu J, Chen R, Feinleib M. Bladder/lung cancer mortality in blackfoot-disease (BFD)-endemic area villages with low (lt;150 μg/L) well water arsenic levels an exploration of the dose-response poisson analysis. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2013; 65 (1): 147-56.
• 15. EPA. Arsenic in drinking water update 2001. National Research Council. National Academy Press. Washington, DC., 2001.
• 16. Hei TK. Research reports: Arsenic and cancer. J Coll Phys Surg Col Uni, 1999; 19 (2): 1-3.
• 17. Hindmarsh JT. Arsenic, its clinical and environmental significance. J Trace Elem Exp Med, 2000; 13: 165-72.
• 18. Kreppel H, Reichl FX, Kleine A, Szinicz L, Singh PK, Jones MM. Antidotal efficacy of newly synthesized dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) mono esters in experimental arsenic poisoning in mice. Fund Appl Tox, 1995; 26 (2): 239-45.
• 19. Aposhian HV. Biochemical toxicology of arsenic. Rev Biochem Toxicol, 1989; 10: 265-99.
• 20. Maes D, Pate DB. The absorbtion of arsenic into single human head hairs. J Foren Sci, 1977; 22: 89-94.
• 21. Koons RD, Peters CA. Axial distribution of arsenic in individual human hairs by solid sampling graphite furnace AAS. J Anal Toxicol, 1994; 18 (1): 36-40.
• 22. Rogers CE, Tomita AV, Trowbridge PR, Gone JK, Chen J, Zeeb P, et al. Hair analysis does not support hypothesized arsenic and chromium exposure from drinking water in Woburn. Massachusetts. Environ Health Perspect, 1997; 105 (10): 1090-7.
• 23. Aliyev V, Kaya D, Yılmaz H, Söylemezoğlu T. The potential health risk of arsenic levels in workers exposed to arsenic (abstract). Toxicol Lett, 2012; 205 (Suppl 1): 214-5.
• 24. Rahman L, Corns W, Bryce DW, Stockwell PB. Determination of mercury, selenium, bismuth, arsenic and antimony in human hair by microwave digestion atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta, 2000; 52: 833-43.
• 25. Wilhelm M, Schulz C, Schwenk M. Revised and new reference values for arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury in blood or urine of children: Basis for validation of human biomonitoring data in environmental medicine. Int J Hyg Environ Health, 2006; 209 (3): 301-5.
• 26. Pekey H. Heavy metal pollution assessment in sediments of the İzmit Bay, Turkey. Environ Monit Assess, 2006; 123 (1-3): 219-31.
• 27. Apostoli P, Bartoli D, Alessio L, Buchet JP. Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to inorganic arsenic. Occup Environ Med, 1999; 56 (12): 825-32.
• 28. Cuzick J, Sasieni P, Evans S. Ingested arsenic, keratoses, and bladder cancer. Am J Epidemiol, 1992; 136: 417-21.
• 29. Chiou HY, Chiou ST, Hsu YH, Chou YL, Tseng CH, Wei ML, et al. Incidence of transitional cell carcinoma and arsenic in drinking water: a follow-up study of 8102 residents in an arseniasis-endemic area in northeastern Taiwan. Am J Epidemiol, 2001; 153: 411-88.
• 30. Chen CL, Hsu LI, Chiou HY, Hsueh YM, Chen SY, Wu MM, et al. Ingested arsenic, cigarette smoking, and lung cancer risk: a follow-up study in arseniasisendemic areas in Taiwan. JAMA, 2004; 292 (24): 2984-90.
• 31. Jin Y, Liang C, He G, Cao J. Study on distribution of endemic arsenism in China. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, 2003; 32 (6): 519-40.
• 32. Tang MX, Cross P, Andrews H, Jacobs DM, Small S, Bell K, et al. Incidence of AD in African- Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in northern Manhattan. Neurology, 2001; 56 (1): 49-56.
• 33. Hinwood AL, Sim MR, Jolley D, de Klerk N, Bastone EB, Gerostamoulos J, et al. Hair and toenail arsenic concentrations of residents living in areas with high environmental arsenic concentrations. Environ Health Perspect, 2003; 111 (2): 187-93.
• 34. Afridi HI, Kazi TG, Kazi AG, Shah F, Wadhwa SK, Kolachi NF, et al. Levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese and zinc in biological samples of paralysed steel mill workers with related to controls. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011;144 (1-3): 164- 82.
• 35. Garcia F, Ortega A, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Accumulation of metals in autopsy tissues of subjects living in Tarragona County, Spain. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2001; 36 (9): 1767-86.
• 36. Kraus T, Quidenus G, Schaller KH. Normal values for arsenic and selenium concentrations in human lung tissue. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2000; 38 (3): 384-9.
• 37. Kintz P, Ginet M, Cirimele V. Multi-element screening by ICP-MS of two specimens of Napoleon's hair. J Anal Toxicol, 2006; 30 (8): 621-3.
• 38. Benderli Cihan Y, Sözen S, Oztürk Yıldırım S. Trace elements and heavy metals in hair of stage III breast cancer patients. Biol Trace Elem Res, 2011; 144 (1-3): 360-79.
• 39. Bass DA, Hickock D, Quig D, Urek K. Trace element analysis in hair: factors determining accuracy, precision, and reliability. Altern Med Rev, 2001; 6 (5): 472-81.
• 40. Druyan ME, Bass D, Puchyr R, Urek K, Quig D, Harmon E, et al. Determination of reference ranges for elements in human scalp hair. Biol Trace Elem Res, 1998; 62 (3): 183-97.