Farklı Yönleriyle Netosis
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 351 - 360, 01.12.2017
Neslihan Sürsal
Kader Yıldız
Öz
Gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde otoimmün ve otoinflamatuar hastalıkların görülme sıklığında ciddi bir artış vardır. Bu hastalıkların etiyolojisi karmaşık ve multifaktöriyel nedenlere bağlı gelişmektedir. Sistemik otoimmün hastalıkların temelinde otoantijenler olduğu düşünülmektedir. Son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar NETosisin bazı otoimmün ve otoinflamasyon hastalıkları tetikleyebileceği ortaya konulmuş ve bu savunma mekanizması büyük ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Bu karmaşık mekanizmanın daha iyi anlaşılması otoimmün hastalıkların teşhisinde önemli araçların geliştirilmesi ile beraberinde bu hastalıklara yeni tedavi yöntemlerinin belirlenmesinde oldukça umut verici ve kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede organizmada bazı patolojilere karışan netosis hakkında bilgi verilmiştir
Kaynakça
- 1. Abi Abdallah DS, Denkers EY. Neutrophils cast
extracellular traps in response to protozoan
parasites. Front Immunol, 2012; 3: 382.
- 2. Mocsai A. Diverse novel functions of neutrophils
in immunity, inflammation, and beyond. J Exp
Med. 2013; 210(7): 1283-99.
- 3. Papayannopoulos V, Zychlinsky A. NETs: a
new strategy for using old weapons. Trends in
Immunol, 2009; 30(11): 513-21.
- 4. Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler
B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, et al. Neutrophil
extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science, 2004;
303(5663): 1532-5.
- 5. Branzk N, Papayannopoulos V. Molecular
mechanisms regulating NETosis in infection and
disease. Semin Immunopathol, 2013; 35(4): 513-
306.
- 6. Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: is immunity the second
function of chromatin? J Cell Biols, 2012; 198(5):
773-83.
- 7. TPruchniak MP, Kotula I, Manda-Handzlik A.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) impact
upon autoimmune disorders. Cent Eur J Immunol,
2015; 40(2): 217-24.
- 8. Yildiz K. Netosis: Alternative defense method
used by neutrophils to fight pathogen. Acta
Parasitologica Turcica, 2016; 40(3): 158-62.
- 9. Nathan C. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges
and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol, 2006; 6(3):
173-82.
- 10. Amagai M, Matsushima K. Overview on
autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Inflamm
Regen, 2011; 31(1): 50-1.
- 11. McGonagle D, McDermott MF. A proposed
classification of the immunological diseases.
PLoS Med, 2006; 3(8): e297.
- 12. Doria A, Zen M, Bettio S, Gatto M, Bassi N, Nalotto
L, et al. Autoinflammation and autoimmunity:
bridging the divide. Autoimmun Rev, 2012; 12(1):
22-30.
- 13. Kaufmann SH. Immunology’s foundation: the
100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize to Paul
Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff. Nat Immunol, 2008;
9(7): 705-12.
- 14. Beiter T, Fragasso A, Hartl D, Niess AM. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: a walk on the wild side of
exercise immunology. Sports Med, 2015; 45(5):
625-40.
- 15. Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation
and role in health and disease. Biochemistry
(Mosc), 2014; 79(12): 1286-96.
- 16. von Brühl M-L, Stark K, Steinhart A, Chandraratne
S, Konrad I, Lorenz M, et al. Monocytes,
neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate
and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in
vivo. The J Exp Med, 2012; 209(4): 819-35.
- 17. Gupta AK, Joshi MB, Philippova M, Erne P, Hasler
P, Hahn S, et al. Activated endothelial cells
induce neutrophil extracellular traps and are
susceptible to NETosis-mediated cell death. Febs
Letters, 2010; 584(14): 3193-7.
- 18. Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Xu J, Esmon NL,
Esmon CT. Extracellular histones increase
plasma thrombin generation by impairing
thrombomodulin-dependent protein C activation.
J Thromb Haemost 2011;9(9):1795-803.
- 19. Vogelmeier C, Döring G. Neutrophil proteinases
and rhDNase therapy in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respi
J, 1996; 9(11): 2193-95.
- 20. Ratjen F. Recent advances in cystic fibrosis.
Paediatr Respi Rev, 2008; 9(2): 144-8.
- 21. Roghanian A, Sallenave J-M. Neutrophil
elastase (NE) and NE inhibitors: canonical
and noncanonical functions in lung chronic
inflammatory diseases (cystic fibrosis and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease). J Aerosol Med
Pulm Drug Deliv, 2008; 21(1): 125-44.
- 22. Papayannopoulos V, Staab D, Zychlinsky
A. Neutrophil elastase enhances sputum
solubilization in cystic fibrosis patients receiving
DNase therapy. PloS one, 2011; 6(12): e28526.
- 23. Hahn S, Giaglis S, Hoesli I, Hasler P. Neutrophil
NETs in reproduction: from infertility to
preeclampsia and the possibility of fetal loss.
Front Immunol, 2012; 3: 362.
- 24. Salamonsen LA, Lathbury LJ. Endometrial
leukocytes and menstruation. Hum Reprod
Update, 2000; 6(1): 16-27.
- 25. Smith JM, Shen Z, Wira CR, Fanger MW, Shen
L. Effects of menstrual cycle status and gender
on human neutrophil phenotype. Am J Reprod
Immunol, 2007; 58(2): 111-19.
- 26. Alghamdi AS, Lovaas BJ, Bird SL, Lamb GC,
Rendahl AK, Taube PC, et al. Species-specific
interaction of seminal plasma on spermneutrophil binding. Anim Reprod Sci, 2009;
114(4): 331-44.
- 27. Roberts JM, Redman C. Pre-eclampsia: more
than pregnancy-induced hypertension. The
Lancet, 1993; 341(8858): 1447-51.
- 28. Gupta AK, Hasler P, Holzgreve W, Gebhardt S,
Hahn S. Induction of neutrophil extracellular
DNA lattices by placental microparticles and
IL-8 and their presence in preeclampsia. Hum
Immunol, 2005; 66(11): 1146-54.
- 29. Gupta A, Hasler P, Gebhardt S, Holzgreve W,
Hahn S. Occurrence of Neutrophil Extracellular
DNA Traps (NETs) in Pre‐Eclampsia. Ann N Y Acad
of Sci, 2006; 1075(1): 118-22.
- 30. Gupta AK, Hasler P, Holzgreve W, Hahn S.
Neutrophil NETs: a novel contributor to
preeclampsia-associated placental hypoxia? In:
Seminars in immunopathology; 2007: Springer,
2007: 29(2); 163-7.
- 31. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Placental oxidative
stress: from miscarriage to preeclampsia. J Soc
Gynecol Investig, 2004; 11(6): 342-52.
- 32. Bergonier D, de Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul
G, Berthelot X. Mastitis of dairy small ruminants.
Vet Res, 2003; 34(5): 689-716.
- 33. Pisanu S, Cubeddu T, Pagnozzi D, Rocca S,
Cacciotto C, Alberti A, et al. Neutrophil
extracellular traps in sheep mastitis. Vet Res,
2015; 46(1): 1.
- 34. Vitkov L, Klappacher M, Hannig M, Krautgartner
W. Extracellular neutrophil traps in periodontitis.
J Periodontal Res, 2009; 44(5): 664-72.
- 35. Farquharson D, Butcher J, Culshaw S.
Periodontitis, Porphyromonas, and the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mucosal
immunol, 2012; 5(2): 112-20.
- 36. Almyroudis NG, Grimm MJ, Davidson BA, Rohm
M, Urban CF, Segal BH. NETosis and NADPH
oxidase: at the intersection of host defense,
inflammation, and injury. Front Immunol, 2013;
4: 45.
- 37. Stasia MJ, Li XJ. Genetics and immunopathology
of chronic granulomatous disease. In: Seminars
in immunopathology; 2008: Springer, 2008;
30(3): 209-35.
- 38. Bianchi M, Hakkim A, Brinkmann V, Siler U,
Seger RA, Zychlinsky A, et al. Restoration of
NET formation by gene therapy in CGD controls
aspergillosis. Blood, 2009; 114(13): 2619-22.
- 39. Fadini GP, Menegazzo L, Rigato M, Scattolini V,
Poncina N, Bruttocao A, et al. NETosis Delays
Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice and Humans.
Diabetes, 2016; 65(4): 1061.
- 40. Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao
Y, Herrmann M. New insights into neutrophil
extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation
and role in inflammation. Front Immunol, 2016;
7: 302.
- 41. Fadini GP, Menegazzo L, Scattolini V, Gintoli M,
Albiero M, Avogaro A. A perspective on NETosis
in diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutr
Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2016; 26(1): 1-8.
- 42. Wong SL, Demers M, Martinod K, Gallant M,
Wang YM, Goldfine AB, et al. Diabetes primes
neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs
wound healing. Nat Med, 2015; 21(7): 815.
- 43. Berezin A. Is the neutrophil extracellular trapdriven microvascular inflammation essential for
diabetes vasculopathy? Biomed Res Ther, 2016;
3(5): 1-7.
- 44. Laakso M, Kuusisto J. Insulin resistance and
hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease
development. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2014; 10(5):
293-302.
- 45. Rensen SS, Slaats Y, Nijhuis J, Jans A, Bieghs
V, Driessen A, et al. Increased hepatic
myeloperoxidase activity in obese subjects with
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Pathol, 2009;
175(4): 1473-82.
- 46. Yipp BG, Kubes P. NETosis: how vital is it? Blood,
2013; 122(16): 2784-94.
- 47. Dwivedi N, Radic M. Citrullination of
autoantigens implicates NETosis in the induction
of autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014; 73(3):
483-91.
- 48. Hasler P, Giaglis S, Hahn S. Neutrophil
extracellular traps in health and disease. Swiss
Med Wkly, 2016; 146: w14352.
- 49. Yu Y, Su K. Neutrophil extracellular traps and
systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Cell
Immunol, 2013; 4.
- 50. Crispin JC, Liossis SN, Kis-Toth K, Lieberman
LA, Kyttaris VC, Juang YT, et al. Pathogenesis
of human systemic lupus erythematosus: recent
advances. Trends Mol Med, 2010; 16(2): 47-57.
- 51. Lin AM, Rubin CJ, Khandpur R, Wang JY, Riblett
M, Yalavarthi S, et al. Mast cells and neutrophils
release IL-17 through extracellular trap
formation in psoriasis. J Immunol, 2011; 187(1):
490-500.
- 52. Hu SC, Yu HS, Yen FL, Lin CL, Chen GS, Lan
CC. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
is increased in psoriasis and induces human
beta-defensin-2 production in epidermal
keratinocytes. Sci Rep, 2016; 6: 31119.
- 53. Brandau S, Dumitru CA, Lang S. Protumor and
antitumor functions of neutrophil granulocytes.
In: Seminars in immunopathology; 2013: Springer,
2013; 35(2): 163-76.
- 54. Gregory AD, Houghton AM. Tumor-associated
neutrophils: new targets for cancer therapy.
Cancer Res, 2011; 71(7): 2411-16.
- 55. Cedervall J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhang L, Femel
J, Dimberg A, et al. Neutrophil Extracellular
Traps Accumulate in Peripheral Blood Vessels and
Compromise Organ Function in Tumor-Bearing
Animals. Cancer Res 2015; 75(13): 2653-62.
- 56. Berger-Achituv S, Brinkmann V, Abed UA, Kuhn
LI, Ben-Ezra J, Elhasid R, et al. A proposed role
for neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer
immunoediting. Front Immunol, 2013; 4: 48.
- 57. Swystun LL, Mukherjee S, Liaw PC. Breast cancer
chemotherapy induces the release of cell‐free
DNA, a novel procoagulant stimulus. J Thrombo
Haemost, 2011; 9(11): 2313-21.
- 58. Demers M, Wagner DD. NETosis: a new factor
in tumor progression and cancer-associated
thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2014; 40(3):
277-83
Different Aspects of Netosis
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 74 Sayı: 4, 351 - 360, 01.12.2017
Neslihan Sürsal
Kader Yıldız
Öz
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases have dramatically increased in both developed and developing countries. The etiology of these diseases is complex and developed due to multifactorial causes. It is tought that autoantigens are the basis of systemic autoimmune diseases in organism. Recent studies have revealed that NETosis can triggered some autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, so this defence mechanism has begun to attract great interest. A better understanding of this complex mechanism is believed to have a promising and critical prescription for the identification of new treatment modalities for these diseases with the development of important tools in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, information has been given on NETosis which is participate in some pathologies in the organism
Kaynakça
- 1. Abi Abdallah DS, Denkers EY. Neutrophils cast
extracellular traps in response to protozoan
parasites. Front Immunol, 2012; 3: 382.
- 2. Mocsai A. Diverse novel functions of neutrophils
in immunity, inflammation, and beyond. J Exp
Med. 2013; 210(7): 1283-99.
- 3. Papayannopoulos V, Zychlinsky A. NETs: a
new strategy for using old weapons. Trends in
Immunol, 2009; 30(11): 513-21.
- 4. Brinkmann V, Reichard U, Goosmann C, Fauler
B, Uhlemann Y, Weiss DS, et al. Neutrophil
extracellular traps kill bacteria. Science, 2004;
303(5663): 1532-5.
- 5. Branzk N, Papayannopoulos V. Molecular
mechanisms regulating NETosis in infection and
disease. Semin Immunopathol, 2013; 35(4): 513-
306.
- 6. Brinkmann V, Zychlinsky A. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: is immunity the second
function of chromatin? J Cell Biols, 2012; 198(5):
773-83.
- 7. TPruchniak MP, Kotula I, Manda-Handzlik A.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (Nets) impact
upon autoimmune disorders. Cent Eur J Immunol,
2015; 40(2): 217-24.
- 8. Yildiz K. Netosis: Alternative defense method
used by neutrophils to fight pathogen. Acta
Parasitologica Turcica, 2016; 40(3): 158-62.
- 9. Nathan C. Neutrophils and immunity: challenges
and opportunities. Nat Rev Immunol, 2006; 6(3):
173-82.
- 10. Amagai M, Matsushima K. Overview on
autoimmunity and autoinflammation. Inflamm
Regen, 2011; 31(1): 50-1.
- 11. McGonagle D, McDermott MF. A proposed
classification of the immunological diseases.
PLoS Med, 2006; 3(8): e297.
- 12. Doria A, Zen M, Bettio S, Gatto M, Bassi N, Nalotto
L, et al. Autoinflammation and autoimmunity:
bridging the divide. Autoimmun Rev, 2012; 12(1):
22-30.
- 13. Kaufmann SH. Immunology’s foundation: the
100-year anniversary of the Nobel Prize to Paul
Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff. Nat Immunol, 2008;
9(7): 705-12.
- 14. Beiter T, Fragasso A, Hartl D, Niess AM. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: a walk on the wild side of
exercise immunology. Sports Med, 2015; 45(5):
625-40.
- 15. Vorobjeva NV, Pinegin BV. Neutrophil
extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation
and role in health and disease. Biochemistry
(Mosc), 2014; 79(12): 1286-96.
- 16. von Brühl M-L, Stark K, Steinhart A, Chandraratne
S, Konrad I, Lorenz M, et al. Monocytes,
neutrophils, and platelets cooperate to initiate
and propagate venous thrombosis in mice in
vivo. The J Exp Med, 2012; 209(4): 819-35.
- 17. Gupta AK, Joshi MB, Philippova M, Erne P, Hasler
P, Hahn S, et al. Activated endothelial cells
induce neutrophil extracellular traps and are
susceptible to NETosis-mediated cell death. Febs
Letters, 2010; 584(14): 3193-7.
- 18. Ammollo CT, Semeraro F, Xu J, Esmon NL,
Esmon CT. Extracellular histones increase
plasma thrombin generation by impairing
thrombomodulin-dependent protein C activation.
J Thromb Haemost 2011;9(9):1795-803.
- 19. Vogelmeier C, Döring G. Neutrophil proteinases
and rhDNase therapy in cystic fibrosis. Eur Respi
J, 1996; 9(11): 2193-95.
- 20. Ratjen F. Recent advances in cystic fibrosis.
Paediatr Respi Rev, 2008; 9(2): 144-8.
- 21. Roghanian A, Sallenave J-M. Neutrophil
elastase (NE) and NE inhibitors: canonical
and noncanonical functions in lung chronic
inflammatory diseases (cystic fibrosis and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease). J Aerosol Med
Pulm Drug Deliv, 2008; 21(1): 125-44.
- 22. Papayannopoulos V, Staab D, Zychlinsky
A. Neutrophil elastase enhances sputum
solubilization in cystic fibrosis patients receiving
DNase therapy. PloS one, 2011; 6(12): e28526.
- 23. Hahn S, Giaglis S, Hoesli I, Hasler P. Neutrophil
NETs in reproduction: from infertility to
preeclampsia and the possibility of fetal loss.
Front Immunol, 2012; 3: 362.
- 24. Salamonsen LA, Lathbury LJ. Endometrial
leukocytes and menstruation. Hum Reprod
Update, 2000; 6(1): 16-27.
- 25. Smith JM, Shen Z, Wira CR, Fanger MW, Shen
L. Effects of menstrual cycle status and gender
on human neutrophil phenotype. Am J Reprod
Immunol, 2007; 58(2): 111-19.
- 26. Alghamdi AS, Lovaas BJ, Bird SL, Lamb GC,
Rendahl AK, Taube PC, et al. Species-specific
interaction of seminal plasma on spermneutrophil binding. Anim Reprod Sci, 2009;
114(4): 331-44.
- 27. Roberts JM, Redman C. Pre-eclampsia: more
than pregnancy-induced hypertension. The
Lancet, 1993; 341(8858): 1447-51.
- 28. Gupta AK, Hasler P, Holzgreve W, Gebhardt S,
Hahn S. Induction of neutrophil extracellular
DNA lattices by placental microparticles and
IL-8 and their presence in preeclampsia. Hum
Immunol, 2005; 66(11): 1146-54.
- 29. Gupta A, Hasler P, Gebhardt S, Holzgreve W,
Hahn S. Occurrence of Neutrophil Extracellular
DNA Traps (NETs) in Pre‐Eclampsia. Ann N Y Acad
of Sci, 2006; 1075(1): 118-22.
- 30. Gupta AK, Hasler P, Holzgreve W, Hahn S.
Neutrophil NETs: a novel contributor to
preeclampsia-associated placental hypoxia? In:
Seminars in immunopathology; 2007: Springer,
2007: 29(2); 163-7.
- 31. Burton GJ, Jauniaux E. Placental oxidative
stress: from miscarriage to preeclampsia. J Soc
Gynecol Investig, 2004; 11(6): 342-52.
- 32. Bergonier D, de Cremoux R, Rupp R, Lagriffoul
G, Berthelot X. Mastitis of dairy small ruminants.
Vet Res, 2003; 34(5): 689-716.
- 33. Pisanu S, Cubeddu T, Pagnozzi D, Rocca S,
Cacciotto C, Alberti A, et al. Neutrophil
extracellular traps in sheep mastitis. Vet Res,
2015; 46(1): 1.
- 34. Vitkov L, Klappacher M, Hannig M, Krautgartner
W. Extracellular neutrophil traps in periodontitis.
J Periodontal Res, 2009; 44(5): 664-72.
- 35. Farquharson D, Butcher J, Culshaw S.
Periodontitis, Porphyromonas, and the
pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Mucosal
immunol, 2012; 5(2): 112-20.
- 36. Almyroudis NG, Grimm MJ, Davidson BA, Rohm
M, Urban CF, Segal BH. NETosis and NADPH
oxidase: at the intersection of host defense,
inflammation, and injury. Front Immunol, 2013;
4: 45.
- 37. Stasia MJ, Li XJ. Genetics and immunopathology
of chronic granulomatous disease. In: Seminars
in immunopathology; 2008: Springer, 2008;
30(3): 209-35.
- 38. Bianchi M, Hakkim A, Brinkmann V, Siler U,
Seger RA, Zychlinsky A, et al. Restoration of
NET formation by gene therapy in CGD controls
aspergillosis. Blood, 2009; 114(13): 2619-22.
- 39. Fadini GP, Menegazzo L, Rigato M, Scattolini V,
Poncina N, Bruttocao A, et al. NETosis Delays
Diabetic Wound Healing in Mice and Humans.
Diabetes, 2016; 65(4): 1061.
- 40. Yang H, Biermann MH, Brauner JM, Liu Y, Zhao
Y, Herrmann M. New insights into neutrophil
extracellular traps: mechanisms of formation
and role in inflammation. Front Immunol, 2016;
7: 302.
- 41. Fadini GP, Menegazzo L, Scattolini V, Gintoli M,
Albiero M, Avogaro A. A perspective on NETosis
in diabetes and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutr
Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 2016; 26(1): 1-8.
- 42. Wong SL, Demers M, Martinod K, Gallant M,
Wang YM, Goldfine AB, et al. Diabetes primes
neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs
wound healing. Nat Med, 2015; 21(7): 815.
- 43. Berezin A. Is the neutrophil extracellular trapdriven microvascular inflammation essential for
diabetes vasculopathy? Biomed Res Ther, 2016;
3(5): 1-7.
- 44. Laakso M, Kuusisto J. Insulin resistance and
hyperglycaemia in cardiovascular disease
development. Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2014; 10(5):
293-302.
- 45. Rensen SS, Slaats Y, Nijhuis J, Jans A, Bieghs
V, Driessen A, et al. Increased hepatic
myeloperoxidase activity in obese subjects with
nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am J Pathol, 2009;
175(4): 1473-82.
- 46. Yipp BG, Kubes P. NETosis: how vital is it? Blood,
2013; 122(16): 2784-94.
- 47. Dwivedi N, Radic M. Citrullination of
autoantigens implicates NETosis in the induction
of autoimmunity. Ann Rheum Dis, 2014; 73(3):
483-91.
- 48. Hasler P, Giaglis S, Hahn S. Neutrophil
extracellular traps in health and disease. Swiss
Med Wkly, 2016; 146: w14352.
- 49. Yu Y, Su K. Neutrophil extracellular traps and
systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Cell
Immunol, 2013; 4.
- 50. Crispin JC, Liossis SN, Kis-Toth K, Lieberman
LA, Kyttaris VC, Juang YT, et al. Pathogenesis
of human systemic lupus erythematosus: recent
advances. Trends Mol Med, 2010; 16(2): 47-57.
- 51. Lin AM, Rubin CJ, Khandpur R, Wang JY, Riblett
M, Yalavarthi S, et al. Mast cells and neutrophils
release IL-17 through extracellular trap
formation in psoriasis. J Immunol, 2011; 187(1):
490-500.
- 52. Hu SC, Yu HS, Yen FL, Lin CL, Chen GS, Lan
CC. Neutrophil extracellular trap formation
is increased in psoriasis and induces human
beta-defensin-2 production in epidermal
keratinocytes. Sci Rep, 2016; 6: 31119.
- 53. Brandau S, Dumitru CA, Lang S. Protumor and
antitumor functions of neutrophil granulocytes.
In: Seminars in immunopathology; 2013: Springer,
2013; 35(2): 163-76.
- 54. Gregory AD, Houghton AM. Tumor-associated
neutrophils: new targets for cancer therapy.
Cancer Res, 2011; 71(7): 2411-16.
- 55. Cedervall J, Zhang Y, Huang H, Zhang L, Femel
J, Dimberg A, et al. Neutrophil Extracellular
Traps Accumulate in Peripheral Blood Vessels and
Compromise Organ Function in Tumor-Bearing
Animals. Cancer Res 2015; 75(13): 2653-62.
- 56. Berger-Achituv S, Brinkmann V, Abed UA, Kuhn
LI, Ben-Ezra J, Elhasid R, et al. A proposed role
for neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer
immunoediting. Front Immunol, 2013; 4: 48.
- 57. Swystun LL, Mukherjee S, Liaw PC. Breast cancer
chemotherapy induces the release of cell‐free
DNA, a novel procoagulant stimulus. J Thrombo
Haemost, 2011; 9(11): 2313-21.
- 58. Demers M, Wagner DD. NETosis: a new factor
in tumor progression and cancer-associated
thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost, 2014; 40(3):
277-83