Polimerik Veziküller ve Biyolojik Uygulamaları

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 75 Sayı: 4, 443 - 458, 01.12.2018

Asuman Bozkır

Öz

Bilimin gelişmesindeki temel yaklaşım olan doğayı taklit etme çabasının günümüzdeki en son örneklerinden birisi polimerik veziküler sistemlerdir. Hücresel bölümlendirmenin yapıtaşı olan fosfolipitlerin kendiliğinden oluşum süreci ile veziküler yapıları oluşturması sürecinin, sentetik amfifilik kopolimerler üzerinde uygulanması ile üretilen polimerik veziküllerin biyolojik uygulamaları, özellikle eczacılık ve tıp alanında büyük ilgi görmüştür. Polimerik veziküller, kopolimerin hidrofobik bloğunun su ile temasını en aza indirgemek için yan yana gelerek çifte tabakalı bir membran oluşturması ve bu membranın sulu ortamı çevrelemesiyle meydana gelen mikroskopik/nanoskopik partiküllerdir. Yapılarındaki sulu lümen içerisinde hidrofilik molekülleri barındırabilen bu sistemler aynı zamanda hidrofobik molekülleri kopolimerik vezikül membranı içerisinde taşıyabilmektedirler. Dolayısıyla, yapısında her türlü molekülü taşıyabilme kapasitesi olan ve üretilen çeşitli kopolimerler ile kendisine farklı uygulama alanları bulmuş polimerik veziküller, araştırmacılar tarafından çoğunlukla ilaç taşıyıcı sistemler, medikal görüntüleme ajanları, nanoreaktörler ve son yıllarda da kendiliğinden çalışan nanomotorlar olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme ile, polimerik veziküller üzerinde çalışma yapacak bilim insanlarına/araştırmacılara genel bir perspektifin sunulması ve güncel bilgilerin bir arada verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

polimerik vezikül, polimerzom, ilaç taşıyıcı sistem, yapay hücre

Polymeric Vesicles and Biological Applications

Öz

One of the most recent example of the effort to imitate nature which is the basic approach for the development of science, is the polymeric vesicular systems. The biological applications of the polymeric vesicles produced by the application of self-assembly process of vesicle forming phospholipids which are the building blocks of cellular compartmentalization, on synthetic amphiphilic copolymers, have attracted considerable interest, especially in the field of pharmaceutics and medicine. Polymeric vesicles are microscopic / nanoscopic particles which are formed by the confinemet of an aqueous environment by the copolymeric bilayer membrane which is shaped by the aim of minimizing the contact angle between the hydrophobic block of the copolymer and water. These systems, which can contain hydrophilic molecules in their aqueous lumen, can also carry hydrophobic molecules in the copolymeric vesicle membrane. Therefore, polymeric vesicles, which have the capacity to carry all kinds of molecules in the structure and can be produced from various copolymers, have been utilized in different application areas such as drug delivery systems, medical imaging agents, nanoreactors and self-propelling nanomotors in recent years. With this review, it is aimed to present a general perspective to scientists / researchers who will work onpolymeric vesicles and along with outlining the current information in the field.

Anahtar Kelimeler

polymeric vesicle, polymersome, drug delivery system, protocell

Kaynakça

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