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Farklı bakım koşullarındaki tavşanlarda encephalitozoonosis

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 77 Sayı: 3, 349 - 354, 01.09.2020

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı bakım ve hijyen koşullarına sahip tesislerde yetiştirilen tavşanlarda Encephalitozoon cuniculi’nin seroprevalansını araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Farklı çevresel koşullara, hijyenik durumlara, bakım ve beslenme koşullarına sahip; açık, yarı açık ve kontrollü alanlarda barındırma yapılan üç farklı işletmeden alınan tavşanların serum örnekleri ELISA kitleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Sonuç olarak, açık, yarı açık ve kontrollü barınaklardaki tavşanların seropozitifliği sırasıyla %70, %40 ve %80 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, farklı bakım koşullarına sahip üç tesise de serum örneklerinde anti - E. cuniculi %63.3 antikor varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen veriler ışığında, tesise alınan hayvanların orijin olarak enfekte olabileceği, tesiste enfekte bir hayvanın sürü için enfeksiyon kaynağı olabileceği, tesislerde olası yürütülen septik/aseptik kuralların etkenle mücadele için yeterli olmadığı ve zoonoz karakterdeki enfeksiyonun hayvan bakıcısı ve araştırmacılar için de potansiyel risk taşıdığı kanısına varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Didier ES, Weiss LM. Microsporidiosis: current status. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006; 19(5): 485–92.
  • 2. Otto GM, Franklin CL, Clifford CB. Biology and diseases of rats. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, editors. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Laboratory Animal Medicine (Third Edition). Boston: Academic Press; 2015. pp. 151–207.
  • 3. Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Villarreal-Marroquín A, Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, RodríguezRamírez HG, Navarro-Soto MC et al. Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017; 29 (3): 269–77. doi. org/10.1177/1040638716668559.
  • 4. Jordan CN, Zajac AM, Lindsay DS. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Parasitology Compendium. 2006; 28 (2): 108–16.
  • 5. Dipineto L, Rinaldi L, Santaniello A, Sensale M, Cuomo A, Calabria M et al.. Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Italy. Zoonoses Public Hlth. 2008; 55 (3): 173–5.
  • 6. Weese JS, Fulford MB. Fungal Disease. In: Weese JS, Fulford MB, editors. Companion Animal Zoonoses. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2011. pp. 275–99.
  • 7. Lavazza A, Chiari M, Nassuato C, Giardiello D, Tittarelli C, Grilli G. Serological investigation on Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in northcentral Italy. J Exot Pet Med. 2016; 25 (1): 52–9.
  • 8. Özkan Ö, Alçığır ME. Subacute Stage of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection in Eye Lesions of Rabbit in Turkey. Iran. J Parasitol. 2018; 13 (2): 301-9.
  • 9. Ozkan O, Karagoz A, Kocak N. First molecular evidence of ocular transmission of Encephalitozoonosis during the intrauterine period in rabbits. Parasitol Int. 2019; 71: 1-4.
  • 10. Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Nevárez-Garza AM, TrejoChávez A, Hernández-Martínez CA, Gustavo Hernández-Vidal G, Zarate-Ramos JJ et al. Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Grading the histological lesions in brain, kidney, and liver during primoinfection outbreak in rabbits. J Pathog. 2016; 1–9. doi.org/10.1155/2016/5768428.
  • 11. Pellett S. Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits: An overview. Companion Animal. 2016; 21 (5): 300–5. doi.org/10.12968/coan.2016.21.5.300.
  • 12. Harcourt-Brown FM. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med. 2004; 13 (2): 86–93.
  • 13. Ozkan O, Ozkan AT, Zafer K. Encephalitozoonosis in New Zealand rabbits and potential transmission risk. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 179 (1-3): 234–7. doi. org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.007.
  • 14. Keeble E. Nervous system and musculoskeletal disorders. In: Meredith A and Lord B, editors. BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine, England: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016. pp: 214–32.
  • 15. Santaniello A, Dipineto L, Rinaldi L, Menna LF, Cringoli G, Fioretti A. Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in farm rabbits in Italy. Res Vet Sci. 2009; 87: 67–9.
  • 16. Shin JC, Kim DG, Kim SH, Kim S, Song KH. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2014;52(3):321– 3. doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.321.
  • 17. Künzel F, Fisher PG. Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2018; 21 (1): 69–82. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2017.08.002. PMID:29146032.
  • 18. Berkin Ş, Kahraman MM. Türkiye’de tavşanlarda Encephalitozoon (Nosema) cuniculi enfeksiyonu. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 1983; 30 (2): 397–406.
  • 19. Eröksüz H, Eröksüz Y, Metin N, Özer H. Morphologic examinations of cases of naturally acquired encephalitozoonosis in a rabbit colony. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 1999; 23: 191–5.
  • 20. Eröksüz Y, Eröksüz H, Özer H, Cevik A, Unver O. A survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbit colonies in Elazig, Turkey: Pathomorphologic and serologic (Carbonimmunoassay Test) studies. Isr J Vet Med. 1999a; 54 (3): 73–7.
  • 21. Kruse H, Kirkemo A, Handeland K. Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10 (12): 2067–72. doi:10.3201/eid1012.040707.
  • 22. Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X, Li T, Sun Y, Gadahi JA. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in humans and rabbits in China. Iran J Parasitol. 2015; 10 (2): 290–5.
  • 23. Okewole EA. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in domestic rabbits in Nigeria. Onderstepoort J Vet. 2008; 75 (1): 33–8.
  • 24. Lonardi C, Grilli G, Ferrazzi V, Cin MD, Rigolin D, Piccirillo A. Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in commercially reared rabbit does in Northern Italy. Res Vet Sci. 2013; 94: 295-8.
  • 25. Baldotto SB, Cray C, Giannico AT, Reifur L, MontianiFerreira F. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in pet rabbits in Brazil. J Exot Pet Med. 2015; 24 (4): 435–40.
  • 26. Intachat C, Jiwaganont P, Wannasilp S, Udompattanakorn O, Kovitvadhi, Jala S et al. Slaughterhouse seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in meat rabbits at central part of Thailand. Thai J Vet Med. 2018; 12 (2): 35–45.
  • 27. Igarashi M, Oohashi E, Dautu G, Ueno A, Kariya T, Koji F. High seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2008; 70 (12): 1301–4.
  • 28. Keeble EJ, Shaw DJ. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in domestic rabbits in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec. 2006; 158 (16): 539–44.
  • 29. Jordan CN, Dicristina JA, Lindsay DS. Activity of bleach, ethanol and two commercial disinfectants against spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 136 (3–4):343–6.

Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 77 Sayı: 3, 349 - 354, 01.09.2020

Öz

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits in facilities with different care conditions in three different provinces. Methods: The sera samples of rabbits that have been hosted in open, semi–open and controlled areas which were obtained from three different enterprises with different environmental possibilities, hygienic situations, maintenance and feeding conditions were evaluated by using the ELISA kits. Results: Consequently, the seropositivity of the rabbits in open, semi–open and controlled shelters were found to be 70%, 40% and 80%, respectively. In this study, in the rabbit under the different care conditions, antibodies anti – E. cuniculi 63.3% were found in all sera samples. Conclusion: In the context of the data obtained, it was seen that the animals taken into the facility may be infected from the beginning and an infected animal in the facility may have been a source of infection for the many others in the facility. It was also concluded that the septic and aseptic rules which are potentially accepted in the facilties are not enough in battling with the agent and that the zoonotic disease can be a risk for animal keepers and researchers.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Didier ES, Weiss LM. Microsporidiosis: current status. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006; 19(5): 485–92.
  • 2. Otto GM, Franklin CL, Clifford CB. Biology and diseases of rats. In: Fox JG, Anderson LC, Otto GM, Pritchett-Corning KR, Whary MT, editors. American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Laboratory Animal Medicine (Third Edition). Boston: Academic Press; 2015. pp. 151–207.
  • 3. Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Villarreal-Marroquín A, Nevárez-Garza AM, Castillo-Velázquez U, RodríguezRamírez HG, Navarro-Soto MC et al. Histochemical study of Encephalitozoon cuniculi spores in the kidneys of naturally infected New Zealand rabbits. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2017; 29 (3): 269–77. doi. org/10.1177/1040638716668559.
  • 4. Jordan CN, Zajac AM, Lindsay DS. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Parasitology Compendium. 2006; 28 (2): 108–16.
  • 5. Dipineto L, Rinaldi L, Santaniello A, Sensale M, Cuomo A, Calabria M et al.. Serological survey for antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Italy. Zoonoses Public Hlth. 2008; 55 (3): 173–5.
  • 6. Weese JS, Fulford MB. Fungal Disease. In: Weese JS, Fulford MB, editors. Companion Animal Zoonoses. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.; 2011. pp. 275–99.
  • 7. Lavazza A, Chiari M, Nassuato C, Giardiello D, Tittarelli C, Grilli G. Serological investigation on Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in northcentral Italy. J Exot Pet Med. 2016; 25 (1): 52–9.
  • 8. Özkan Ö, Alçığır ME. Subacute Stage of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection in Eye Lesions of Rabbit in Turkey. Iran. J Parasitol. 2018; 13 (2): 301-9.
  • 9. Ozkan O, Karagoz A, Kocak N. First molecular evidence of ocular transmission of Encephalitozoonosis during the intrauterine period in rabbits. Parasitol Int. 2019; 71: 1-4.
  • 10. Rodríguez-Tovar LE, Nevárez-Garza AM, TrejoChávez A, Hernández-Martínez CA, Gustavo Hernández-Vidal G, Zarate-Ramos JJ et al. Encephalitozoon cuniculi: Grading the histological lesions in brain, kidney, and liver during primoinfection outbreak in rabbits. J Pathog. 2016; 1–9. doi.org/10.1155/2016/5768428.
  • 11. Pellett S. Encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits: An overview. Companion Animal. 2016; 21 (5): 300–5. doi.org/10.12968/coan.2016.21.5.300.
  • 12. Harcourt-Brown FM. Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med. 2004; 13 (2): 86–93.
  • 13. Ozkan O, Ozkan AT, Zafer K. Encephalitozoonosis in New Zealand rabbits and potential transmission risk. Vet Parasitol. 2011; 179 (1-3): 234–7. doi. org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.02.007.
  • 14. Keeble E. Nervous system and musculoskeletal disorders. In: Meredith A and Lord B, editors. BSAVA Manual of Rabbit Medicine, England: British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016. pp: 214–32.
  • 15. Santaniello A, Dipineto L, Rinaldi L, Menna LF, Cringoli G, Fioretti A. Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in farm rabbits in Italy. Res Vet Sci. 2009; 87: 67–9.
  • 16. Shin JC, Kim DG, Kim SH, Kim S, Song KH. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Korea. Korean J Parasitol. 2014;52(3):321– 3. doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2014.52.3.321.
  • 17. Künzel F, Fisher PG. Clinical signs, diagnosis, and treatment of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbits. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract. 2018; 21 (1): 69–82. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2017.08.002. PMID:29146032.
  • 18. Berkin Ş, Kahraman MM. Türkiye’de tavşanlarda Encephalitozoon (Nosema) cuniculi enfeksiyonu. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. 1983; 30 (2): 397–406.
  • 19. Eröksüz H, Eröksüz Y, Metin N, Özer H. Morphologic examinations of cases of naturally acquired encephalitozoonosis in a rabbit colony. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 1999; 23: 191–5.
  • 20. Eröksüz Y, Eröksüz H, Özer H, Cevik A, Unver O. A survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in rabbit colonies in Elazig, Turkey: Pathomorphologic and serologic (Carbonimmunoassay Test) studies. Isr J Vet Med. 1999a; 54 (3): 73–7.
  • 21. Kruse H, Kirkemo A, Handeland K. Wildlife as source of zoonotic infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10 (12): 2067–72. doi:10.3201/eid1012.040707.
  • 22. Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X, Li T, Sun Y, Gadahi JA. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in humans and rabbits in China. Iran J Parasitol. 2015; 10 (2): 290–5.
  • 23. Okewole EA. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in domestic rabbits in Nigeria. Onderstepoort J Vet. 2008; 75 (1): 33–8.
  • 24. Lonardi C, Grilli G, Ferrazzi V, Cin MD, Rigolin D, Piccirillo A. Serological survey of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in commercially reared rabbit does in Northern Italy. Res Vet Sci. 2013; 94: 295-8.
  • 25. Baldotto SB, Cray C, Giannico AT, Reifur L, MontianiFerreira F. Seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in pet rabbits in Brazil. J Exot Pet Med. 2015; 24 (4): 435–40.
  • 26. Intachat C, Jiwaganont P, Wannasilp S, Udompattanakorn O, Kovitvadhi, Jala S et al. Slaughterhouse seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in meat rabbits at central part of Thailand. Thai J Vet Med. 2018; 12 (2): 35–45.
  • 27. Igarashi M, Oohashi E, Dautu G, Ueno A, Kariya T, Koji F. High seroprevalence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in pet rabbits in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 2008; 70 (12): 1301–4.
  • 28. Keeble EJ, Shaw DJ. Seroprevalence of antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi in domestic rabbits in the United Kingdom. Vet Rec. 2006; 158 (16): 539–44.
  • 29. Jordan CN, Dicristina JA, Lindsay DS. Activity of bleach, ethanol and two commercial disinfectants against spores of Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Vet Parasitol. 2006; 136 (3–4):343–6.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Hakan Tüfek Bu kişi benim

Özcan Özkan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 77 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Tüfek, H., & Özkan, Ö. (2020). Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 77(3), 349-354.
AMA Tüfek H, Özkan Ö. Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. Eylül 2020;77(3):349-354.
Chicago Tüfek, Hakan, ve Özcan Özkan. “Encephalitozoonosis in Rabbits under Different Care Conditions”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77, sy. 3 (Eylül 2020): 349-54.
EndNote Tüfek H, Özkan Ö (01 Eylül 2020) Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77 3 349–354.
IEEE H. Tüfek ve Ö. Özkan, “Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions”, Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, c. 77, sy. 3, ss. 349–354, 2020.
ISNAD Tüfek, Hakan - Özkan, Özcan. “Encephalitozoonosis in Rabbits under Different Care Conditions”. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 77/3 (Eylül 2020), 349-354.
JAMA Tüfek H, Özkan Ö. Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77:349–354.
MLA Tüfek, Hakan ve Özcan Özkan. “Encephalitozoonosis in Rabbits under Different Care Conditions”. Türk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, c. 77, sy. 3, 2020, ss. 349-54.
Vancouver Tüfek H, Özkan Ö. Encephalitozoonosis in rabbits under different care conditions. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg. 2020;77(3):349-54.