Araştırma Makalesi

Quaker Response to Gender Inequality in Institutional Christianity

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4 31 Aralık 2025
Mustafa Özbaş *
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Quaker Response to Gender Inequality in Institutional Christianity

Abstract

Gender equality remains a central concern in contemporary cultural, political, and academic debates. Numerous scholars and international organizations contend that patriarchal traditions constitute the primary source of gender inequality, often drawing legitimacy from religious teachings. Conversely, other perspectives argue that religion can support or accommodate egalitarian principles. This article examines the Quaker movement's approach to gender equality in order to shed light on broader processes of religious reinterpretation. The study focuses on whether the Quakers adopted egalitarian practices in both spiritual and social domains, and on the foundations upon which such practices were based. Findings indicate that during its first two centuries, Quakerism developed an egalitarian orientation rooted in the doctrine of the “Inner Light.” However, in modern contexts, the movement's distinctively transformative influence appears to have diminished significantly.

Keywords

Quakerism , Inner Light , Gender , Spiritual Equality , Feminism

Kaynakça

  1. Apetrei, Sarah. Women, Feminism and Religion in Early Enlightenment England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
  2. Brailsford, Mabel Richmond. Quaker Women, 1650–1690. London: Duckworth & Co., 1915.
  3. Connell, Raewyn. Gender and Power. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1987.
  4. Hamm, D. Thomas. The Quakers in America, 1st edit. New York, Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. 2003.
  5. Inayatullah, Sohail, & Kynsilehto, Anitta. Religion, Gender, And Politics. In P. Nynäs, M. Lassander, & T. Utriainen (Eds.), Religion and Politics: Continuities, Entanglements, and Discontinuities. Transaction Publishers. (2011), 83–100.
  6. Kutsal Kitap. Eski ve Yeni Antlaşma (Tevrat, Zebur, İncil). 1st ed. Istanbul.: Kitab-ı Mukaddes Co., 2001.
  7. Larson, Rebecca. Daughters of Light: Quaker Women Preaching and Prophesying in the Colonies and Abroad 1700-1775. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. 1999.
  8. Leonard, Hillary. “The Inner Light: A Comparison of George Fox’s and Margaret Fell’s Views on Women’s Equality”. Gardner-Webb Review, Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship, Volume VI, edited by Christopher V. Davis and Nancy Bottoms, Raleigh, North Carolina: Printed by Publications Unltd. 2012.
  9. Mahmood, Saba. Politics of Piety: The Islamic Revival and The Feminist Subject. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 2005.
  10. Matthews, Glenna. American Women’s History: A Student Companion. Quakers article. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Din Sosyolojisi , Hrıstiyanlık Araştırmaları

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

7 Ağustos 2025

Kabul Tarihi

13 Ekim 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32711/tiad.1760085

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA95LW73LM

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex
ISNAD
Özbaş, Mustafa. “Quaker Response to Gender Inequality in Institutional Christianity”. Türkiye İlahiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi 9/4 (01 Aralık 2025): 1334-1354. https://doi.org/10.32711/tiad.1760085.

Türkiye İlahiyat Araştrımaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.