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Erişkinlerde Sık Görülen İç Kulak Hastalıklarında Odyolojik Bulgular

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 54 - 60, 31.08.2022

Öz

İç kulak hastalıkları, bireylerin günlük hayatlarındaki iletişim becerilerini önemli derecede etkileyebilen koklear işitme kaybına yol açabilmektedir. Bu tip işitme kayıplarının etiyolojisi genellikle multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla birlikte planlanan ayrıntılı değerlendirmeler sonucunda belirlenebilmektedir. Koklear işitme kayıpları değerlendirilirken odyolojik değerlendirme sürecinde doğru ve etkili ayırıcı tanı test yöntemlerinin uygulanması, uygun tedavi/rehabilitasyon yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi açısından önem taşımaktadır. Odyologlara kılavuz olması amaçlanan bu derleme makalesinde, iç kulak hastalıklarında görülen genel semptomların ve odyolojik bulguların yanında, sık karşılaşılan patolojilerde uygulanabilecek ayırıcı tanı testleri ve bu testlerin olası sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, M. E., Kileny, P. R., Telian, S. A., El-Kashlan, H. K., Heidenreich, K. D., Mannarelli, G. R., ve Arts, H. A. (2011). Electrocochleography as a Diagnostic and Intraoperative Adjunct in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome. Otology & Neurotology, 32(9), 1506-1512. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182382a7c
  • Al-Malky, G., Dawson, S. J., Sirimanna, T., Bagkeris, E., ve Suri, R. (2015). High-frequency audiometry reveals high prevalence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in children with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 14(2), 248-254. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.009
  • American Academy of Audiology. (2009). American Academy of Audiology Position Statement and Clinical Practice Guidelines Ototoxicity Monitoring October 2009. Arora, R. (2020). Labyrinthitis. StatPearls [Internet].
  • Arts, H. A., Adams, M. E., Telian, S. A., El-Kashlan, H., ve Kileny, P. R. (2009). Reversible Electrocochleographic Abnormalities in Superior Canal Dehiscence. Otology & Neurotology, 30(1), 79-86. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31818d1b51
  • ASHA. (1994). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Guidelines for the audiologic management of individuals receiving cochleotoxic drug therapy.
  • Attias, J., Horovitz, G., El-Hatib, N., ve Nageris, B. (2001). Detection and Clinical Diagnosis of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Otoacoustic Emissions. Noise ve Health, 3(12), 19-31
  • Berlinger, N. T. (2011). Meniere's disease: new concepts, new treatments. Minn Med, 94(11), 33-36.
  • Bramhall, N. F., Konrad-Martin, D., McMillan, G. P., ve Griest, S. E. (2017). Auditory Brainstem Response Altered in Humans With Noise Exposure Despite Normal Outer Hair Cell Function. Ear and Hearing, 38(1), E1-E12. doi:10.1097/Aud.0000000000000370
  • Browaeys, P., Larson, T. L., Wong, M. L., ve Patel, U. (2013). Can MRI Replace CT in Evaluating Semicircular Canal Dehiscence? American Journal of Neuroradiology, 34(7), 1421-1427. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3459
  • Castillo, M. P., Roland, P.S. . (2007). Disorders of the Auditory System. . In R. J. Roeser, Valente, M. Dunn, H.H. (Ed.), Audiology Diagnosis (2 ed.). New York: Medical Publishers, Inc.
  • Cianfrone, G., Pentangelo, D., Cianfrone, F., Mazzei, F., Turchetta, R., Orlando, M. P., ve Altissimi, G. (2011). Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms and tinnitus: a reasoned and updated guide. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 15(6), 601-636.
  • Constantinescu, R. M., Georgescu, M., Pascu, A., Hristea, A., Arama, V., Baicus, C., Kovacs, E. (2009). Otoacoustic emissions analysers for monitoring aminoglycosides ototoxicity. Rom J Intern Med, 47(3), 273-278.
  • Crovetto, M. A., Whyte, J., Rodriguez, O. M., Lecumberri, I., Martinez, C., Fernandez, C., Vrotsou, K. (2012). Influence of Aging and Menopause in the Origin of the Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence. Otology & Neurotology, 33(4), 681-684. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31824f9969
  • da Silva, A. M., Latorre Mdo, R., Cristofani, L. M., ve Odone Filho, V. (2007). The prevalence of hearing loss in children and adolescents with cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 73(5), 608-614. doi:10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30120-8
  • Daniel, E. (2007). Noise and hearing loss: A review. Journal of School Health, 77(5), 225-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00197.x
  • Dasgupta, S., Ratnayake, S., Crunkhorn, R., Iqbal, J., Strachan, L., ve Avula, S. (2020). Audiovestibular Quantification in Rare Third Window Disorders in Children. Front Neurol, 11, 954. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00954
  • Fausti, S., Larson, V. D., Noffsinger, D., Wilson, R. H., Phillips, D. S., ve Fowler, C. G. (1994). High-Frequency Audiometric Monitoring Strategies for Early Detection of Ototoxicity. Ear and Hearing, 15(3), 232-239. Doi: 10.1097/00003446-199406000-00004
  • Feeney, M. P., ve Schairer, K.S. (2014). Acoustic Stapedius Reflex Measurements. İçinde J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology. (7 ed., pp. 165-186). Philadelphia.
  • Fiedler, T., Boeger, D., Buentzel, J., Esser, D., Hoffmann, K., Jecker, P., Guntinas-Lichius, O. (2013). Middle Ear Surgery in Thuringia, Germany: A Population-Based Regional Study on Epidemiology and Outcome. Otology & Neurotology, 34(5), 890-897.
  • Flamme, G. A., Stephenson, M. R., Deiters, K., Tatro, A., VanGessel, D., Geda, K., McGregor, K. (2012). Typical noise exposure in daily life. International Journal of Audiology, 51, S3-S11. doi:10.3109/14992027.2011.635316
  • Gelfand, S. A. (2016). Essentials Of Audiology (4 ed.). New York: Medical Publishers, Inc.
  • Hızal, E., Erbek, H. S, ve Ozluoglu, L. N. (2014). Vestibüler uyarılmış miyojenik potansiyeller (VEMP). Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 1(1), 26-37.
  • Hung, T. V., Bounaix, M. J., ve Fraysse, B. (2001). Meniere's disease - Pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs, 61(8), 1089-1102. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161080-00005
  • Katzenell, U., ve Segal, S. (2001). Hyperacusis: review and clinical guidelines. Otology & Neurotology, 22(3), 321-326; discussion 326-327. doi:10.1097/00129492-200105000-00009
  • Kujawa, S. G. (2018). Cochlear Synaptopathy: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Functional Consequences.
  • Kujawa, S. G., ve Liberman, M. C. (2015). Synaptopathy in the noise-exposed and aging cochlea: Primary neural degeneration in acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing Research, 330, 191-199. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.02.009
  • LaMarte, F. P., ve Tyler, R. S. (1987). Noise-induced tinnitus. AAOHN J, 35(9), 403-406.
  • Lee, J. Y., Kwon, E., Kim, H. J., Choi, J. Y., Oh, H. J., Koo, J. W., ve Kim, J. S. (2020). Dissociated Results between Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Dizziness: Prevalence, Pattern, Lesion Location, and Etiology. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 16(2), 277-284. doi:10.3988/jcn.2020.16.2.277
  • Liberman, M. C., Epstein, M. J., Cleveland, S. S., Wang, H. B., ve Maison, S. F. (2016). Toward a Differential Diagnosis of Hidden Hearing Loss in Humans. Plos One, 11(9). doi:ARTN e016272610.1371/journal.pone.0162726
  • Lindblad, A. C., Hagerman, B., ve Rosenhall, U. (2011). Noise-induced tinnitus: A comparison between four clinical groups without apparent hearing loss. Noise ve Health, 13(55), 423-431. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.90310
  • Lonsbury-Martin, B. L., Martin, G. K. (2001). Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions as Objective. Seminars in Hearing, 22(4).
  • Maire, R., ve Van Melle, G. (2004). Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex dynamics in acute vestibular neuritis and viral labyrinthitis: Evidence of otolith-canal interaction. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 124(1), 36-40. doi:10.1080/00016480310015272
  • Masaki, Y. (2011). The prevalence of superior canal dehiscence syndrome as assessed by temporal bone computed tomography imaging. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 131(3), 258-262. doi:10.3109/00016489.2010.526145
  • Mau, C., Kamal, N., Badeti, S., Reddy, R., Ying, Y. L. M., Jyung, R. W., ve Liu, J. K. (2018). Superior semicircular canal dehiscence: Diagnosis and management. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 48, 58-65. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.019
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Davari, M. H., Mostaghaci, M., Mollasadeghi, A., Bahaloo, M., ve Hashemi, S. H. (2014). Conventional Audiometry, Extended High-Frequency Audiometry, and DPOAE for Early Diagnosis of NIHL. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 16(1), e9628. doi:10.5812/ircmj.9628
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Ghoreyshi, A., Mollasadeghi, A., ve Loukzadeh, Z. (2011). High-frequency audiometry: a means for early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. Noise ve Health, 13(55), 402-406. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.90295
  • Mepani, A. M., Kirk, S. A., Hancock, K. E., Bennett, K., de Gruttola, V., Liberman, M. C., ve Maison, S. F. (2020). Middle Ear Muscle Reflex and Word Recognition in "Normal-Hearing" Adults: Evidence for Cochlear Synaptopathy? Ear Hear, 41(1), 25-38. doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000804
  • Metidieri, M. M., Rodrigues, H. F., Filho, F. J., Ferraz, D. P., Neto, A. F., ve Torres, S. (2013). Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL): literature review with a focus on occupational medicine. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 17(2), 208-212. doi:10.7162/S1809-97772013000200015
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Audiological Findings in Common Inner Ear Diseases in Adults

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 54 - 60, 31.08.2022

Öz

Inner ear diseases can lead to cochlear hearing loss, which can significantly affect the communication skills of individuals in their daily lives. The etiology of this type of hearing loss can usually be determined as a result of detailed evaluations planned with a multidisciplinary approachWhile evaluating cochlear hearing losses, applying correct and effective differential diagnosis test methods in the audiological evaluation process is important in determining the appropriate treatment/rehabilitation methods. In this review article, which is intended as a guide for audiologists, besides the general symptoms and audiological findings seen in inner ear diseases, the differential diagnostic tests that can be applied in common pathologies and the possible results of these tests are evaluated.

Kaynakça

  • Adams, M. E., Kileny, P. R., Telian, S. A., El-Kashlan, H. K., Heidenreich, K. D., Mannarelli, G. R., ve Arts, H. A. (2011). Electrocochleography as a Diagnostic and Intraoperative Adjunct in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome. Otology & Neurotology, 32(9), 1506-1512. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182382a7c
  • Al-Malky, G., Dawson, S. J., Sirimanna, T., Bagkeris, E., ve Suri, R. (2015). High-frequency audiometry reveals high prevalence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in children with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 14(2), 248-254. doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.009
  • American Academy of Audiology. (2009). American Academy of Audiology Position Statement and Clinical Practice Guidelines Ototoxicity Monitoring October 2009. Arora, R. (2020). Labyrinthitis. StatPearls [Internet].
  • Arts, H. A., Adams, M. E., Telian, S. A., El-Kashlan, H., ve Kileny, P. R. (2009). Reversible Electrocochleographic Abnormalities in Superior Canal Dehiscence. Otology & Neurotology, 30(1), 79-86. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31818d1b51
  • ASHA. (1994). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Guidelines for the audiologic management of individuals receiving cochleotoxic drug therapy.
  • Attias, J., Horovitz, G., El-Hatib, N., ve Nageris, B. (2001). Detection and Clinical Diagnosis of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Otoacoustic Emissions. Noise ve Health, 3(12), 19-31
  • Berlinger, N. T. (2011). Meniere's disease: new concepts, new treatments. Minn Med, 94(11), 33-36.
  • Bramhall, N. F., Konrad-Martin, D., McMillan, G. P., ve Griest, S. E. (2017). Auditory Brainstem Response Altered in Humans With Noise Exposure Despite Normal Outer Hair Cell Function. Ear and Hearing, 38(1), E1-E12. doi:10.1097/Aud.0000000000000370
  • Browaeys, P., Larson, T. L., Wong, M. L., ve Patel, U. (2013). Can MRI Replace CT in Evaluating Semicircular Canal Dehiscence? American Journal of Neuroradiology, 34(7), 1421-1427. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3459
  • Castillo, M. P., Roland, P.S. . (2007). Disorders of the Auditory System. . In R. J. Roeser, Valente, M. Dunn, H.H. (Ed.), Audiology Diagnosis (2 ed.). New York: Medical Publishers, Inc.
  • Cianfrone, G., Pentangelo, D., Cianfrone, F., Mazzei, F., Turchetta, R., Orlando, M. P., ve Altissimi, G. (2011). Pharmacological drugs inducing ototoxicity, vestibular symptoms and tinnitus: a reasoned and updated guide. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 15(6), 601-636.
  • Constantinescu, R. M., Georgescu, M., Pascu, A., Hristea, A., Arama, V., Baicus, C., Kovacs, E. (2009). Otoacoustic emissions analysers for monitoring aminoglycosides ototoxicity. Rom J Intern Med, 47(3), 273-278.
  • Crovetto, M. A., Whyte, J., Rodriguez, O. M., Lecumberri, I., Martinez, C., Fernandez, C., Vrotsou, K. (2012). Influence of Aging and Menopause in the Origin of the Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence. Otology & Neurotology, 33(4), 681-684. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31824f9969
  • da Silva, A. M., Latorre Mdo, R., Cristofani, L. M., ve Odone Filho, V. (2007). The prevalence of hearing loss in children and adolescents with cancer. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 73(5), 608-614. doi:10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30120-8
  • Daniel, E. (2007). Noise and hearing loss: A review. Journal of School Health, 77(5), 225-231. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00197.x
  • Dasgupta, S., Ratnayake, S., Crunkhorn, R., Iqbal, J., Strachan, L., ve Avula, S. (2020). Audiovestibular Quantification in Rare Third Window Disorders in Children. Front Neurol, 11, 954. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00954
  • Fausti, S., Larson, V. D., Noffsinger, D., Wilson, R. H., Phillips, D. S., ve Fowler, C. G. (1994). High-Frequency Audiometric Monitoring Strategies for Early Detection of Ototoxicity. Ear and Hearing, 15(3), 232-239. Doi: 10.1097/00003446-199406000-00004
  • Feeney, M. P., ve Schairer, K.S. (2014). Acoustic Stapedius Reflex Measurements. İçinde J. Katz (Ed.), Handbook of Clinical Audiology. (7 ed., pp. 165-186). Philadelphia.
  • Fiedler, T., Boeger, D., Buentzel, J., Esser, D., Hoffmann, K., Jecker, P., Guntinas-Lichius, O. (2013). Middle Ear Surgery in Thuringia, Germany: A Population-Based Regional Study on Epidemiology and Outcome. Otology & Neurotology, 34(5), 890-897.
  • Flamme, G. A., Stephenson, M. R., Deiters, K., Tatro, A., VanGessel, D., Geda, K., McGregor, K. (2012). Typical noise exposure in daily life. International Journal of Audiology, 51, S3-S11. doi:10.3109/14992027.2011.635316
  • Gelfand, S. A. (2016). Essentials Of Audiology (4 ed.). New York: Medical Publishers, Inc.
  • Hızal, E., Erbek, H. S, ve Ozluoglu, L. N. (2014). Vestibüler uyarılmış miyojenik potansiyeller (VEMP). Bozok Tıp Dergisi, 1(1), 26-37.
  • Hung, T. V., Bounaix, M. J., ve Fraysse, B. (2001). Meniere's disease - Pathophysiology and treatment. Drugs, 61(8), 1089-1102. doi: 10.2165/00003495-200161080-00005
  • Katzenell, U., ve Segal, S. (2001). Hyperacusis: review and clinical guidelines. Otology & Neurotology, 22(3), 321-326; discussion 326-327. doi:10.1097/00129492-200105000-00009
  • Kujawa, S. G. (2018). Cochlear Synaptopathy: Prevalence, Diagnosis and Functional Consequences.
  • Kujawa, S. G., ve Liberman, M. C. (2015). Synaptopathy in the noise-exposed and aging cochlea: Primary neural degeneration in acquired sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing Research, 330, 191-199. doi:10.1016/j.heares.2015.02.009
  • LaMarte, F. P., ve Tyler, R. S. (1987). Noise-induced tinnitus. AAOHN J, 35(9), 403-406.
  • Lee, J. Y., Kwon, E., Kim, H. J., Choi, J. Y., Oh, H. J., Koo, J. W., ve Kim, J. S. (2020). Dissociated Results between Caloric and Video Head Impulse Tests in Dizziness: Prevalence, Pattern, Lesion Location, and Etiology. Journal of Clinical Neurology, 16(2), 277-284. doi:10.3988/jcn.2020.16.2.277
  • Liberman, M. C., Epstein, M. J., Cleveland, S. S., Wang, H. B., ve Maison, S. F. (2016). Toward a Differential Diagnosis of Hidden Hearing Loss in Humans. Plos One, 11(9). doi:ARTN e016272610.1371/journal.pone.0162726
  • Lindblad, A. C., Hagerman, B., ve Rosenhall, U. (2011). Noise-induced tinnitus: A comparison between four clinical groups without apparent hearing loss. Noise ve Health, 13(55), 423-431. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.90310
  • Lonsbury-Martin, B. L., Martin, G. K. (2001). Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions as Objective. Seminars in Hearing, 22(4).
  • Maire, R., ve Van Melle, G. (2004). Horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex dynamics in acute vestibular neuritis and viral labyrinthitis: Evidence of otolith-canal interaction. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 124(1), 36-40. doi:10.1080/00016480310015272
  • Masaki, Y. (2011). The prevalence of superior canal dehiscence syndrome as assessed by temporal bone computed tomography imaging. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 131(3), 258-262. doi:10.3109/00016489.2010.526145
  • Mau, C., Kamal, N., Badeti, S., Reddy, R., Ying, Y. L. M., Jyung, R. W., ve Liu, J. K. (2018). Superior semicircular canal dehiscence: Diagnosis and management. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 48, 58-65. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2017.11.019
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Davari, M. H., Mostaghaci, M., Mollasadeghi, A., Bahaloo, M., ve Hashemi, S. H. (2014). Conventional Audiometry, Extended High-Frequency Audiometry, and DPOAE for Early Diagnosis of NIHL. Iran Red Crescent Med J, 16(1), e9628. doi:10.5812/ircmj.9628
  • Mehrparvar, A. H., Mirmohammadi, S. J., Ghoreyshi, A., Mollasadeghi, A., ve Loukzadeh, Z. (2011). High-frequency audiometry: a means for early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. Noise ve Health, 13(55), 402-406. doi:10.4103/1463-1741.90295
  • Mepani, A. M., Kirk, S. A., Hancock, K. E., Bennett, K., de Gruttola, V., Liberman, M. C., ve Maison, S. F. (2020). Middle Ear Muscle Reflex and Word Recognition in "Normal-Hearing" Adults: Evidence for Cochlear Synaptopathy? Ear Hear, 41(1), 25-38. doi:10.1097/aud.0000000000000804
  • Metidieri, M. M., Rodrigues, H. F., Filho, F. J., Ferraz, D. P., Neto, A. F., ve Torres, S. (2013). Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL): literature review with a focus on occupational medicine. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 17(2), 208-212. doi:10.7162/S1809-97772013000200015
  • Meyerhoff, W. L., ve Yellin, M. W. (1990). Summating Potential Action-Potential Ratio in Perilymph Fistula. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 102(6), 678-682. doi: 10.1177/019459989010200609
  • Minor, L. B. (2005). Clinical manifestations of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Laryngoscope, 115(10), 1717-1727. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000178324.55729.b7
  • Minor, L. B., Schessel, D. A., ve Carey, J. P. (2004). Ménière's disease. Current Opinion in Neurology, 17(1), 9-16.
  • Modugno, G. C., Magnani, G., Brandolini, C., Savastio, G., ve Pirodda, A. (2006). Could vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) also be useful in the diagnosis of perilymphatic fistula? European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 263(6), 552-555. doi:10.1007/s00405-006-0008-z
  • Mueller, H. G., ve Hall, J. W. . (1998). Audiologists' Desk Reference: Audiologic Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology.: Singular Publishing Group.
  • Musiek F.E., B. J. A., Shinn J.B., Jones R. O. (2012). Disorders of The Auditory System. : Plural Publishing, Inc. .
  • Naafs M. AB. (2018). Labyrinthitis, Vestibular Neuritis and Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL). . Glob J Oto, 15(3).
  • Nam, E. C., ve Won, J. Y. (2004). Extratympanic electrocochleographic changes on noise-induced temporary threshold shift. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 130(4), 437-442. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2003.12.016
  • Nelson, D. I., Nelson, R. Y., Concha-Barrientos, M., ve Fingerhut, M. (2005). The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 48(6), 446-458. doi:10.1002/ajim.20223
  • Palomar-Asenjo, V., Boleas-Aguirre, M. S., Sanchez-Ferrandiz, N., ve Fernandez, N. P. (2006). Caloric and rotatory chair test results in patients with Meniere's disease. Otology & Neurotology, 27(7), 945-950. doi:DOI 10.1097/01.mao.0000231593.03090.23
  • Reilly, J. S. (1989). Congenital perilymphatic fistula: a prospective study in infants and children. Laryngoscope, 99(4), 393-397. doi:10.1288/00005537-198904000-00006
  • Rodriguez Valiente, A., Roldan Fidalgo, A., Villarreal, I. M., ve Garcia Berrocal, J. R. (2016). Extended high-frequency audiometry (9,000-20,000 Hz). Usefulness in audiological diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp, 67(1), 40-44. doi:10.1016/j.otorri.2015.02.002
  • Sarna, B., Abouzari, M., Merna, C., Jamshidi, S., Saber, T., ve Djalilian, H. R. (2020). Perilymphatic Fistula: A Review of Classification, Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Front Neurol, 11, 1046. doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.01046
  • Schaette, R., ve McAlpine, D. (2011). Tinnitus with a Normal Audiogram: Physiological Evidence for Hidden Hearing Loss and Computational Model. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(38), 13452-13457. doi:10.1523/Jneurosci.2156-11.2011
  • Sharma, D. K. (2017). Audiological Assessment in Meniere’s Disease, Up to Date on Meniere's Disease.
  • Shirinian, M. J., ve Arnst, D. J. (1982). Patterns in the Performance-Intensity Functions for Phonetically Balanced Word Lists and Synthetic Sentences in Aged Listeners. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head ve Neck Surgery, 108(1), 15-20.
  • Sliwińska-Kowalska, M., ve Kotylo, P. (1997). [Is otoacoustic emission useful in the differential diagnosis of occupational noise-induced hearing loss?]. Med Pr, 48(6), 613-620.
  • Stach, B. A., Hornsby, B.W.Y., Rosenfeld , M.A.L., ve DeChicchis, A.R. (2011). The complexity of auditory aging. . Seminars in Hearing, , 30(2), 94-111.
  • Szmuilowicz, J., ve Young, R. (2019). Infections of the Ear. Emerg Med Clin North Am, 37(1), 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.emc.2018.09.001
  • Thompson, T. L., ve Amedee, R. (2009). Vertigo: a review of common peripheral and central vestibular disorders. Ochsner J, 9(1), 20-26.
  • van Knijff, E. C., Coene, M., ve Govaerts, P. J. (2018). Speech understanding in noise in elderly adults: the effect of inhibitory control and syntactic complexity. International Journal of Language ve Communication Disorders, 53(3), 628-642. doi:10.1111/1460-6984.12376
  • Watson, S. R. D., Halmagyi, G. M., ve Colebatch, J. G. (2000). Vestibular hypersensitivity to sound - (Tullio phenomenon) - Structural and functional assessment. Neurology, 54(3), 722-728. doi: 10.1212/Wnl.54.3.722
  • Williamson, R. A., Vrabec, J. T., Coker, N. J., ve Sandlin, M. (2003). Coronal computed tomography prevalence of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 129(5), 481-489. doi:10.1016/S0194-5998(03)01391-3
  • Wipperman, J. (2014). Dizziness and vertigo. Prim Care, 41(1), 115-131. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.10.004
  • Wojtczak, M., Beim, J. A., ve Oxenham, A. J. (2017). Weak Middle-Ear-Muscle Reflex in Humans with Noise-Induced Tinnitus and Normal Hearing May Reflect Cochlear Synaptopathy. eNeuro, 4(6). doi:10.1523/eneuro.0363-17.2017
  • Zhou, G. W., Gopen, Q., ve Poe, D. S. (2007). Clinical and diagnostic characterization of canal dehiscence syndrome: A great otologic mimicker. Otology & Neurotology, 28(7), 920-926. doi 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31814b25f2
  • Zuniga, M. G., Janky, K. L., Nguyen, K. D., Welgampola, M. S., ve Carey, J. P. (2013). Ocular Versus Cervical VEMPs in the Diagnosis of Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Syndrome. Otology & Neurotology, 34(1), 121-126. doi:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31827136b0
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Odyoloji
Bölüm Gözden Geçirme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Eser Sendesen 0000-0001-6363-6071

Hasan Çolak 0000-0003-3489-4842

Okan Öz 0000-0003-1844-6097

Sare Yıldırım 0000-0002-5503-9274

Murat Şahin 0000-0002-0172-3580

Samet Kılıç

Hilal Dinçer D'alessandro 0000-0001-7320-6577

Didem Türkyılmaz 0000-0001-5719-2355

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sendesen, E., Çolak, H., Öz, O., Yıldırım, S., vd. (2022). Erişkinlerde Sık Görülen İç Kulak Hastalıklarında Odyolojik Bulgular. Türk Odyoloji Ve İşitme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 54-60.