TİNNİTUSLU BİREYLERE ODYOLOJİK YAKLAŞIM
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 20.11.2025
Emine Ayça Ödemişlioğlu Aydın
,
Günay Kırkım
Öz
Tinnitusun kapsamlı klinik değerlendirmesi, iyi bir tedavinin temelini oluşturur. Tinnitusun ortaya çıkmasına birçok etiyolojik faktör katkıda bulunabilse de işitme kaybı en önemli risk faktörüdür. Tinnitusun etkili yönetiminde kapsamlı odyolojik değerlendirmenin yapılması ve odyolojik test bataryasındaki tüm testlerın birlikte yorumlanması önerilmektedir. Elde edilen veriler tinnitusun mevcut semptomlarını anlamaya yardımcı olmakla beraber, tedavi ve yönetim sürecine de önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.
Kaynakça
-
Aazh, H., Erfanian, M., Danesh, A. A., & Moore, B. C. (2022). Audiological and
other factors predicting the presence of misophonia symptoms among a clinical
population seeking help for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis. Front Neurosci, 16,
900065. [CrossRef]
-
Aksoy, S., Firat, Y., & Alpar, R. (2007). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of
validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J, 13(2), 94.
-
Allusoglu, S., & Aksoy, S. (2022). The reliability and validity of decreased sound
tolerance scale-screening. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 88(Suppl 3), 155–163.
[CrossRef]
-
Altın, B., & Aksoy, S. (2022). Adaptation, Validity, and reliability of the Turkish
version of misophonia assessment questionnaire. J Clin Pract Res, 44(3), 286.
[CrossRef]
-
Ambrosetti, U., & Del Bo, L. (2011). Audiologic clinical assessment. Textbook of
Tinnitus, 409–416. [CrossRef]
-
Ay, E., Huviyetli, M., & Çakmak, E. (2024). The mediating role of anxiety in the
relationship between misophonia and quality of life: findings from the validated
Turkish version of MisoQuest. Front Psychol, 15, 1361645. [CrossRef]
-
Aydoğan, Z., Bolat, K. B., Kutlu, S., & Özdeş, N. Ö. (2024). An investigation into the
validity and reliability of the Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire for adults
with normal auditory function. Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology/Kulak Burun
Boğaz Uygulamaları, 12(3). [CrossRef]
-
Caglar, O., Guclu, O., Oymak, S., & Derekoy, F. (2019). Reliability and usability of
the Turkish Tinnitus Functional Index. B-ENT, 15(4), 303–309.
-
Cakiroglu, S., Cosgun, S., & Gormez, V. (2022). The prevalence and severity of
misophonia in the Turkish population and validation of the Amsterdam
misophonia scale-revised. Bull Menninger Clin, 86(2), 159–180. [CrossRef]
-
Cardon, E., Joossen, I., Vermeersch, H., Jacquemin, L., Mertens, G., Vanderveken, O.
M., . . . Gilles, A. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of late auditory
evoked potentials as a candidate biomarker in the assessment of tinnitus. PLoS
One, 15(12), e0243785. [CrossRef]
-
Cederroth, C. R., Trpchevska, N., & Langguth, B. (2020). A new buzz for tinnitus –it’s in the genes! JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 146(11), 1025–1026.
[CrossRef]
-
Curlik, D. M., 2nd, & Shors, T. J. (2013). Training your brain: do mental and physical
(MAP) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the
hippocampus? Neuropharmacology, 64(1), 506–514. [CrossRef]
-
dos Santos Filha, V. A. V., Samelli, A. G., & Matas, C. G. (2015). Middle latency
auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) in workers with and without tinnitus who
are exposed to occupational noise. Med Sci Monit, 21, 2701. [CrossRef]
-
Erinc, M., & Derinsu, U. (2020). Turkish adaptation of Khalfa hyperacusis
questionnaire. Medeni Med J, 35(2), 142. [CrossRef]
-
Fernandes, L. d. C., & Santos, T. M. M. d. (2009). Tinnitus and normal hearing: a study
on the transient otoacoustic emissions suppression. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,
75, 414–419. [CrossRef]
-
Granjeiro, R. C., Kehrle, H. M., Bezerra, R. L., Almeida, V. F., André, L. S., & Oliveira,
C. A. (2008). Transient and distortion product evoked oto-acoustic emissions in
normal hearing patients with and without tinnitus. Otolaryngology-Head and
Neck Surgery, 138(4), 502–506. [CrossRef]
-
Gürses, E., Müjdeci, B., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Psychometric data for the reliability and
validity of the Mini Tinnitus Questionnaire Turkish version (TQ 12-T). ENT
Updates, 10(2), 340–348. [CrossRef]
-
Henry, J. A. (2016). “Measurement” of tinnitus. Otol Neurotol, 37(8), e276–e285.
[CrossRef]
-
Hoffman, H. J., & Reed, G.W. (2004) Epidemiology of tinnitus. In Tinnitus: Theory
and Management (Snow Jr., J. B. (Ed) (pp. 6–41). B.C. Decker, Inc., Hamilton,
Ontario, B.C.
-
Hood, L. J. (1998). Clinical applications of the auditory brainstem response. (No
Title).
-
Jacxsens, L., De Pauw, J., Cardon, E., Van Der Wal, A., Jacquemin, L., Gilles, A., .
. . De Hertogh, W. (2022). Brainstem evoked auditory potentials in tinnitus:
A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis. Front Neurol, 13, 941876.
[CrossRef]
-
Jafari, Z., Baguley, D., Kolb, B. E., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2022). A systematic review
and meta-analysis of extended high-frequency hearing thresholds in tinnitus
with a normal audiogram. Ear Hear, 43(6), 1643–1652. [CrossRef]
-
Jarach, C. M., Lugo, A., Scala, M., van den Brandt, P. A., Cederroth, C. R., Odone, A.,
. . . Gallus, S. (2022). Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol, 79(9), 888–900. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of
generation and perception. Neurosci Res, 8(4), 221–254. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J., & Hazell, J. W. P. (2004). Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): clinical
implementation of the model. Tinnitus retraining therapy: implementing the
neurophysiological model, 63–144. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J., & Jastreboff, M. M. (2003). Tinnitus retraining therapy for patients
with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance. Otolaryngol Clin North Am,
36(2), 321–336. [CrossRef]
-
Kamışlı, G. İ. Ş., Çabuk, G. B., & Aksoy, S. (2023). Adaptation and validation
of the Turkish version of the international tinnitus inventory. Turk Arch
Otorhinolaryngol, 61(3), 109. h [CrossRef]
-
Kleinjung, T., & Londero, A. (2024). Clinical otorhinolaryngological assessment. In
Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 345–349): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B. (2024). Tinnitus history taking. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 321–328):
Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., & De Ridder, D. (2024). Tinnitus, tinnitus disorder, and other phantom
perceptions. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 17–24): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., de Ridder, D., Schlee, W., & Kleinjung, T. (2024). Tinnitus: clinical
insights in its pathophysiology-a perspective. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 25(3),
249–258. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., & Gilles, A. (2024). Tinnitus questionnaires. In Textbook of Tinnitus
(pp. 329–343): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Elbert, T. (2007). Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment
outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July
2006. Prog Brain Res, 166, 525–536. [CrossRef]
-
Liberman, M. C., & Kujawa, S. G. (2017). Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired
sensorineural hearing loss: manifestations and mechanisms. Hear Res, 349,
138–147. [CrossRef]
-
Madhukesh, S., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ganapathy, K., Rajashekhar, B., & Nisha, K.
V. (2024). The impact of tinnitus on speech perception in noise: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1–18. [CrossRef]
-
Makar, S. K. (2021). Etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus: a systematic review.
Int Tinnitus J, 25(1), 76–86. [CrossRef]
-
McPherson, D. L. (1996). Late potentials of the auditory system. (No Title).
Milloy, V., Fournier, P., Benoit, D., Noreña, A., & Koravand, A. (2017). Auditory
brainstem responses in tinnitus: a review of who, how, and what? Front Aging
Neurosci, 9, 237. [CrossRef]
-
Møller, A. R., Langguth, B., DeRidder, D., & Kleinjung, T. (2010). Textbook of
Tinnitus. Springer Science & Business Media. [CrossRef]
-
Norena, A., Micheyl, C., Chéry-Croze, S., & Collet, L. (2002). Psychoacoustic
characterization of the tinnitus spectrum: implications for the underlying
mechanisms of tinnitus. Audiol Neurotol, 7(6), 358–369. [CrossRef]
-
Norton, S. J., Schmidt, A. R., & Stover, L. J. (1990). Tinnitus and otoacoustic
emissions: is there a link? Ear Hear, 11(2), 159. [CrossRef]
-
Öcal, F. C. A., Bozkurt, H. K., Ünlü, C. E., Tyler, R., & Satar, B. (2025). Validity of
the Turkish version of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Turk Arch
Otorhinolaryngol, 62(4), 145.
-
Öztürk Özdeş, N., Kır, G., & Tokgöz-Yılmaz, S. (2025). Revision of the Turkish
Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire: a boosted tool for the tinnitus population.
Acta Otolaryngol, 1–7. [CrossRef]
-
Paglialonga, A., Del Bo, L., Ravazzani, P., & Tognola, G. (2010). Quantitative
analysis of cochlear active mechanisms in tinnitus subjects with normal
hearing sensitivity: multiparametric recording of evoked otoacoustic emissions
and contralateral suppression. Auris Nasus Larynx, 37(3), 291–298. [CrossRef]
-
Roberts, L. E. (2007). Residual inhibition. Prog Brain Res, 166, 487–495. [CrossRef]
-
Schecklmann, M., Jacquemin, L., & Baguley, D. M. (2024). Hyperacusis and Tinnitus.
In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 501–513). Springer. [CrossRef]
AUDIOLOGIC APPROACH TO INDIVIDUALS WITH TINNITUS
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 20.11.2025
Emine Ayça Ödemişlioğlu Aydın
,
Günay Kırkım
Öz
Comprehensive clinical evaluation of tinnitus is the basis for good treatment. Although many etiologic factors may contribute to the occurrence of tinnitus, hearing loss is the most important risk factor. Comprehensive audiologic evaluation and interpretation of the entire test battery together are recommended for effective management of tinnitus. The data obtained not only helps to understand the presenting symptoms of tinnitus but also makes important contributions to the treatment and management process.
Kaynakça
-
Aazh, H., Erfanian, M., Danesh, A. A., & Moore, B. C. (2022). Audiological and
other factors predicting the presence of misophonia symptoms among a clinical
population seeking help for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis. Front Neurosci, 16,
900065. [CrossRef]
-
Aksoy, S., Firat, Y., & Alpar, R. (2007). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of
validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J, 13(2), 94.
-
Allusoglu, S., & Aksoy, S. (2022). The reliability and validity of decreased sound
tolerance scale-screening. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 88(Suppl 3), 155–163.
[CrossRef]
-
Altın, B., & Aksoy, S. (2022). Adaptation, Validity, and reliability of the Turkish
version of misophonia assessment questionnaire. J Clin Pract Res, 44(3), 286.
[CrossRef]
-
Ambrosetti, U., & Del Bo, L. (2011). Audiologic clinical assessment. Textbook of
Tinnitus, 409–416. [CrossRef]
-
Ay, E., Huviyetli, M., & Çakmak, E. (2024). The mediating role of anxiety in the
relationship between misophonia and quality of life: findings from the validated
Turkish version of MisoQuest. Front Psychol, 15, 1361645. [CrossRef]
-
Aydoğan, Z., Bolat, K. B., Kutlu, S., & Özdeş, N. Ö. (2024). An investigation into the
validity and reliability of the Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire for adults
with normal auditory function. Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology/Kulak Burun
Boğaz Uygulamaları, 12(3). [CrossRef]
-
Caglar, O., Guclu, O., Oymak, S., & Derekoy, F. (2019). Reliability and usability of
the Turkish Tinnitus Functional Index. B-ENT, 15(4), 303–309.
-
Cakiroglu, S., Cosgun, S., & Gormez, V. (2022). The prevalence and severity of
misophonia in the Turkish population and validation of the Amsterdam
misophonia scale-revised. Bull Menninger Clin, 86(2), 159–180. [CrossRef]
-
Cardon, E., Joossen, I., Vermeersch, H., Jacquemin, L., Mertens, G., Vanderveken, O.
M., . . . Gilles, A. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of late auditory
evoked potentials as a candidate biomarker in the assessment of tinnitus. PLoS
One, 15(12), e0243785. [CrossRef]
-
Cederroth, C. R., Trpchevska, N., & Langguth, B. (2020). A new buzz for tinnitus –it’s in the genes! JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 146(11), 1025–1026.
[CrossRef]
-
Curlik, D. M., 2nd, & Shors, T. J. (2013). Training your brain: do mental and physical
(MAP) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the
hippocampus? Neuropharmacology, 64(1), 506–514. [CrossRef]
-
dos Santos Filha, V. A. V., Samelli, A. G., & Matas, C. G. (2015). Middle latency
auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) in workers with and without tinnitus who
are exposed to occupational noise. Med Sci Monit, 21, 2701. [CrossRef]
-
Erinc, M., & Derinsu, U. (2020). Turkish adaptation of Khalfa hyperacusis
questionnaire. Medeni Med J, 35(2), 142. [CrossRef]
-
Fernandes, L. d. C., & Santos, T. M. M. d. (2009). Tinnitus and normal hearing: a study
on the transient otoacoustic emissions suppression. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol,
75, 414–419. [CrossRef]
-
Granjeiro, R. C., Kehrle, H. M., Bezerra, R. L., Almeida, V. F., André, L. S., & Oliveira,
C. A. (2008). Transient and distortion product evoked oto-acoustic emissions in
normal hearing patients with and without tinnitus. Otolaryngology-Head and
Neck Surgery, 138(4), 502–506. [CrossRef]
-
Gürses, E., Müjdeci, B., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Psychometric data for the reliability and
validity of the Mini Tinnitus Questionnaire Turkish version (TQ 12-T). ENT
Updates, 10(2), 340–348. [CrossRef]
-
Henry, J. A. (2016). “Measurement” of tinnitus. Otol Neurotol, 37(8), e276–e285.
[CrossRef]
-
Hoffman, H. J., & Reed, G.W. (2004) Epidemiology of tinnitus. In Tinnitus: Theory
and Management (Snow Jr., J. B. (Ed) (pp. 6–41). B.C. Decker, Inc., Hamilton,
Ontario, B.C.
-
Hood, L. J. (1998). Clinical applications of the auditory brainstem response. (No
Title).
-
Jacxsens, L., De Pauw, J., Cardon, E., Van Der Wal, A., Jacquemin, L., Gilles, A., .
. . De Hertogh, W. (2022). Brainstem evoked auditory potentials in tinnitus:
A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis. Front Neurol, 13, 941876.
[CrossRef]
-
Jafari, Z., Baguley, D., Kolb, B. E., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2022). A systematic review
and meta-analysis of extended high-frequency hearing thresholds in tinnitus
with a normal audiogram. Ear Hear, 43(6), 1643–1652. [CrossRef]
-
Jarach, C. M., Lugo, A., Scala, M., van den Brandt, P. A., Cederroth, C. R., Odone, A.,
. . . Gallus, S. (2022). Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol, 79(9), 888–900. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of
generation and perception. Neurosci Res, 8(4), 221–254. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J., & Hazell, J. W. P. (2004). Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): clinical
implementation of the model. Tinnitus retraining therapy: implementing the
neurophysiological model, 63–144. [CrossRef]
-
Jastreboff, P. J., & Jastreboff, M. M. (2003). Tinnitus retraining therapy for patients
with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance. Otolaryngol Clin North Am,
36(2), 321–336. [CrossRef]
-
Kamışlı, G. İ. Ş., Çabuk, G. B., & Aksoy, S. (2023). Adaptation and validation
of the Turkish version of the international tinnitus inventory. Turk Arch
Otorhinolaryngol, 61(3), 109. h [CrossRef]
-
Kleinjung, T., & Londero, A. (2024). Clinical otorhinolaryngological assessment. In
Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 345–349): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B. (2024). Tinnitus history taking. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 321–328):
Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., & De Ridder, D. (2024). Tinnitus, tinnitus disorder, and other phantom
perceptions. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 17–24): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., de Ridder, D., Schlee, W., & Kleinjung, T. (2024). Tinnitus: clinical
insights in its pathophysiology-a perspective. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 25(3),
249–258. [CrossRef]
-
Langguth, B., & Gilles, A. (2024). Tinnitus questionnaires. In Textbook of Tinnitus
(pp. 329–343): Springer. [CrossRef]
-
Elbert, T. (2007). Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment
outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July
2006. Prog Brain Res, 166, 525–536. [CrossRef]
-
Liberman, M. C., & Kujawa, S. G. (2017). Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired
sensorineural hearing loss: manifestations and mechanisms. Hear Res, 349,
138–147. [CrossRef]
-
Madhukesh, S., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ganapathy, K., Rajashekhar, B., & Nisha, K.
V. (2024). The impact of tinnitus on speech perception in noise: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1–18. [CrossRef]
-
Makar, S. K. (2021). Etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus: a systematic review.
Int Tinnitus J, 25(1), 76–86. [CrossRef]
-
McPherson, D. L. (1996). Late potentials of the auditory system. (No Title).
Milloy, V., Fournier, P., Benoit, D., Noreña, A., & Koravand, A. (2017). Auditory
brainstem responses in tinnitus: a review of who, how, and what? Front Aging
Neurosci, 9, 237. [CrossRef]
-
Møller, A. R., Langguth, B., DeRidder, D., & Kleinjung, T. (2010). Textbook of
Tinnitus. Springer Science & Business Media. [CrossRef]
-
Norena, A., Micheyl, C., Chéry-Croze, S., & Collet, L. (2002). Psychoacoustic
characterization of the tinnitus spectrum: implications for the underlying
mechanisms of tinnitus. Audiol Neurotol, 7(6), 358–369. [CrossRef]
-
Norton, S. J., Schmidt, A. R., & Stover, L. J. (1990). Tinnitus and otoacoustic
emissions: is there a link? Ear Hear, 11(2), 159. [CrossRef]
-
Öcal, F. C. A., Bozkurt, H. K., Ünlü, C. E., Tyler, R., & Satar, B. (2025). Validity of
the Turkish version of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Turk Arch
Otorhinolaryngol, 62(4), 145.
-
Öztürk Özdeş, N., Kır, G., & Tokgöz-Yılmaz, S. (2025). Revision of the Turkish
Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire: a boosted tool for the tinnitus population.
Acta Otolaryngol, 1–7. [CrossRef]
-
Paglialonga, A., Del Bo, L., Ravazzani, P., & Tognola, G. (2010). Quantitative
analysis of cochlear active mechanisms in tinnitus subjects with normal
hearing sensitivity: multiparametric recording of evoked otoacoustic emissions
and contralateral suppression. Auris Nasus Larynx, 37(3), 291–298. [CrossRef]
-
Roberts, L. E. (2007). Residual inhibition. Prog Brain Res, 166, 487–495. [CrossRef]
-
Schecklmann, M., Jacquemin, L., & Baguley, D. M. (2024). Hyperacusis and Tinnitus.
In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 501–513). Springer. [CrossRef]