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TİNNİTUSLU BİREYLERE ODYOLOJİK YAKLAŞIM

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 20.11.2025

Öz

Tinnitusun kapsamlı klinik değerlendirmesi, iyi bir tedavinin temelini oluşturur. Tinnitusun ortaya çıkmasına birçok etiyolojik faktör katkıda bulunabilse de işitme kaybı en önemli risk faktörüdür. Tinnitusun etkili yönetiminde kapsamlı odyolojik değerlendirmenin yapılması ve odyolojik test bataryasındaki tüm testlerın birlikte yorumlanması önerilmektedir. Elde edilen veriler tinnitusun mevcut semptomlarını anlamaya yardımcı olmakla beraber, tedavi ve yönetim sürecine de önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aazh, H., Erfanian, M., Danesh, A. A., & Moore, B. C. (2022). Audiological and other factors predicting the presence of misophonia symptoms among a clinical population seeking help for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis. Front Neurosci, 16, 900065. [CrossRef]
  • Aksoy, S., Firat, Y., & Alpar, R. (2007). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J, 13(2), 94.
  • Allusoglu, S., & Aksoy, S. (2022). The reliability and validity of decreased sound tolerance scale-screening. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 88(Suppl 3), 155–163. [CrossRef]
  • Altın, B., & Aksoy, S. (2022). Adaptation, Validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of misophonia assessment questionnaire. J Clin Pract Res, 44(3), 286. [CrossRef]
  • Ambrosetti, U., & Del Bo, L. (2011). Audiologic clinical assessment. Textbook of Tinnitus, 409–416. [CrossRef]
  • Ay, E., Huviyetli, M., & Çakmak, E. (2024). The mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between misophonia and quality of life: findings from the validated Turkish version of MisoQuest. Front Psychol, 15, 1361645. [CrossRef]
  • Aydoğan, Z., Bolat, K. B., Kutlu, S., & Özdeş, N. Ö. (2024). An investigation into the validity and reliability of the Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire for adults with normal auditory function. Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology/Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları, 12(3). [CrossRef]
  • Caglar, O., Guclu, O., Oymak, S., & Derekoy, F. (2019). Reliability and usability of the Turkish Tinnitus Functional Index. B-ENT, 15(4), 303–309.
  • Cakiroglu, S., Cosgun, S., & Gormez, V. (2022). The prevalence and severity of misophonia in the Turkish population and validation of the Amsterdam misophonia scale-revised. Bull Menninger Clin, 86(2), 159–180. [CrossRef]
  • Cardon, E., Joossen, I., Vermeersch, H., Jacquemin, L., Mertens, G., Vanderveken, O. M., . . . Gilles, A. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of late auditory evoked potentials as a candidate biomarker in the assessment of tinnitus. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243785. [CrossRef]
  • Cederroth, C. R., Trpchevska, N., & Langguth, B. (2020). A new buzz for tinnitus –it’s in the genes! JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 146(11), 1025–1026. [CrossRef]
  • Curlik, D. M., 2nd, & Shors, T. J. (2013). Training your brain: do mental and physical (MAP) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus? Neuropharmacology, 64(1), 506–514. [CrossRef]
  • dos Santos Filha, V. A. V., Samelli, A. G., & Matas, C. G. (2015). Middle latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) in workers with and without tinnitus who are exposed to occupational noise. Med Sci Monit, 21, 2701. [CrossRef]
  • Erinc, M., & Derinsu, U. (2020). Turkish adaptation of Khalfa hyperacusis questionnaire. Medeni Med J, 35(2), 142. [CrossRef]
  • Fernandes, L. d. C., & Santos, T. M. M. d. (2009). Tinnitus and normal hearing: a study on the transient otoacoustic emissions suppression. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 75, 414–419. [CrossRef]
  • Granjeiro, R. C., Kehrle, H. M., Bezerra, R. L., Almeida, V. F., André, L. S., & Oliveira, C. A. (2008). Transient and distortion product evoked oto-acoustic emissions in normal hearing patients with and without tinnitus. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 138(4), 502–506. [CrossRef]
  • Gürses, E., Müjdeci, B., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Psychometric data for the reliability and validity of the Mini Tinnitus Questionnaire Turkish version (TQ 12-T). ENT Updates, 10(2), 340–348. [CrossRef]
  • Henry, J. A. (2016). “Measurement” of tinnitus. Otol Neurotol, 37(8), e276–e285. [CrossRef]
  • Hoffman, H. J., & Reed, G.W. (2004) Epidemiology of tinnitus. In Tinnitus: Theory and Management (Snow Jr., J. B. (Ed) (pp. 6–41). B.C. Decker, Inc., Hamilton, Ontario, B.C.
  • Hood, L. J. (1998). Clinical applications of the auditory brainstem response. (No Title).
  • Jacxsens, L., De Pauw, J., Cardon, E., Van Der Wal, A., Jacquemin, L., Gilles, A., . . . De Hertogh, W. (2022). Brainstem evoked auditory potentials in tinnitus: A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis. Front Neurol, 13, 941876. [CrossRef]
  • Jafari, Z., Baguley, D., Kolb, B. E., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of extended high-frequency hearing thresholds in tinnitus with a normal audiogram. Ear Hear, 43(6), 1643–1652. [CrossRef]
  • Jarach, C. M., Lugo, A., Scala, M., van den Brandt, P. A., Cederroth, C. R., Odone, A., . . . Gallus, S. (2022). Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol, 79(9), 888–900. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception. Neurosci Res, 8(4), 221–254. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J., & Hazell, J. W. P. (2004). Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): clinical implementation of the model. Tinnitus retraining therapy: implementing the neurophysiological model, 63–144. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J., & Jastreboff, M. M. (2003). Tinnitus retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 36(2), 321–336. [CrossRef]
  • Kamışlı, G. İ. Ş., Çabuk, G. B., & Aksoy, S. (2023). Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the international tinnitus inventory. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 61(3), 109. h [CrossRef]
  • Kleinjung, T., & Londero, A. (2024). Clinical otorhinolaryngological assessment. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 345–349): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B. (2024). Tinnitus history taking. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 321–328): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., & De Ridder, D. (2024). Tinnitus, tinnitus disorder, and other phantom perceptions. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 17–24): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., de Ridder, D., Schlee, W., & Kleinjung, T. (2024). Tinnitus: clinical insights in its pathophysiology-a perspective. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 25(3), 249–258. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., & Gilles, A. (2024). Tinnitus questionnaires. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 329–343): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Elbert, T. (2007). Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006. Prog Brain Res, 166, 525–536. [CrossRef]
  • Liberman, M. C., & Kujawa, S. G. (2017). Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: manifestations and mechanisms. Hear Res, 349, 138–147. [CrossRef]
  • Madhukesh, S., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ganapathy, K., Rajashekhar, B., & Nisha, K. V. (2024). The impact of tinnitus on speech perception in noise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1–18. [CrossRef]
  • Makar, S. K. (2021). Etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus: a systematic review. Int Tinnitus J, 25(1), 76–86. [CrossRef]
  • McPherson, D. L. (1996). Late potentials of the auditory system. (No Title). Milloy, V., Fournier, P., Benoit, D., Noreña, A., & Koravand, A. (2017). Auditory brainstem responses in tinnitus: a review of who, how, and what? Front Aging Neurosci, 9, 237. [CrossRef]
  • Møller, A. R., Langguth, B., DeRidder, D., & Kleinjung, T. (2010). Textbook of Tinnitus. Springer Science & Business Media. [CrossRef]
  • Norena, A., Micheyl, C., Chéry-Croze, S., & Collet, L. (2002). Psychoacoustic characterization of the tinnitus spectrum: implications for the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus. Audiol Neurotol, 7(6), 358–369. [CrossRef]
  • Norton, S. J., Schmidt, A. R., & Stover, L. J. (1990). Tinnitus and otoacoustic emissions: is there a link? Ear Hear, 11(2), 159. [CrossRef]
  • Öcal, F. C. A., Bozkurt, H. K., Ünlü, C. E., Tyler, R., & Satar, B. (2025). Validity of the Turkish version of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 62(4), 145.
  • Öztürk Özdeş, N., Kır, G., & Tokgöz-Yılmaz, S. (2025). Revision of the Turkish Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire: a boosted tool for the tinnitus population. Acta Otolaryngol, 1–7. [CrossRef]
  • Paglialonga, A., Del Bo, L., Ravazzani, P., & Tognola, G. (2010). Quantitative analysis of cochlear active mechanisms in tinnitus subjects with normal hearing sensitivity: multiparametric recording of evoked otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression. Auris Nasus Larynx, 37(3), 291–298. [CrossRef]
  • Roberts, L. E. (2007). Residual inhibition. Prog Brain Res, 166, 487–495. [CrossRef]
  • Schecklmann, M., Jacquemin, L., & Baguley, D. M. (2024). Hyperacusis and Tinnitus. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 501–513). Springer. [CrossRef]

AUDIOLOGIC APPROACH TO INDIVIDUALS WITH TINNITUS

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 34 - 42, 20.11.2025

Öz

Comprehensive clinical evaluation of tinnitus is the basis for good treatment. Although many etiologic factors may contribute to the occurrence of tinnitus, hearing loss is the most important risk factor. Comprehensive audiologic evaluation and interpretation of the entire test battery together are recommended for effective management of tinnitus. The data obtained not only helps to understand the presenting symptoms of tinnitus but also makes important contributions to the treatment and management process.

Kaynakça

  • Aazh, H., Erfanian, M., Danesh, A. A., & Moore, B. C. (2022). Audiological and other factors predicting the presence of misophonia symptoms among a clinical population seeking help for tinnitus and/or hyperacusis. Front Neurosci, 16, 900065. [CrossRef]
  • Aksoy, S., Firat, Y., & Alpar, R. (2007). The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory: a study of validity and reliability. Int Tinnitus J, 13(2), 94.
  • Allusoglu, S., & Aksoy, S. (2022). The reliability and validity of decreased sound tolerance scale-screening. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 88(Suppl 3), 155–163. [CrossRef]
  • Altın, B., & Aksoy, S. (2022). Adaptation, Validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of misophonia assessment questionnaire. J Clin Pract Res, 44(3), 286. [CrossRef]
  • Ambrosetti, U., & Del Bo, L. (2011). Audiologic clinical assessment. Textbook of Tinnitus, 409–416. [CrossRef]
  • Ay, E., Huviyetli, M., & Çakmak, E. (2024). The mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between misophonia and quality of life: findings from the validated Turkish version of MisoQuest. Front Psychol, 15, 1361645. [CrossRef]
  • Aydoğan, Z., Bolat, K. B., Kutlu, S., & Özdeş, N. Ö. (2024). An investigation into the validity and reliability of the Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire for adults with normal auditory function. Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology/Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları, 12(3). [CrossRef]
  • Caglar, O., Guclu, O., Oymak, S., & Derekoy, F. (2019). Reliability and usability of the Turkish Tinnitus Functional Index. B-ENT, 15(4), 303–309.
  • Cakiroglu, S., Cosgun, S., & Gormez, V. (2022). The prevalence and severity of misophonia in the Turkish population and validation of the Amsterdam misophonia scale-revised. Bull Menninger Clin, 86(2), 159–180. [CrossRef]
  • Cardon, E., Joossen, I., Vermeersch, H., Jacquemin, L., Mertens, G., Vanderveken, O. M., . . . Gilles, A. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of late auditory evoked potentials as a candidate biomarker in the assessment of tinnitus. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243785. [CrossRef]
  • Cederroth, C. R., Trpchevska, N., & Langguth, B. (2020). A new buzz for tinnitus –it’s in the genes! JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 146(11), 1025–1026. [CrossRef]
  • Curlik, D. M., 2nd, & Shors, T. J. (2013). Training your brain: do mental and physical (MAP) training enhance cognition through the process of neurogenesis in the hippocampus? Neuropharmacology, 64(1), 506–514. [CrossRef]
  • dos Santos Filha, V. A. V., Samelli, A. G., & Matas, C. G. (2015). Middle latency auditory evoked potential (MLAEP) in workers with and without tinnitus who are exposed to occupational noise. Med Sci Monit, 21, 2701. [CrossRef]
  • Erinc, M., & Derinsu, U. (2020). Turkish adaptation of Khalfa hyperacusis questionnaire. Medeni Med J, 35(2), 142. [CrossRef]
  • Fernandes, L. d. C., & Santos, T. M. M. d. (2009). Tinnitus and normal hearing: a study on the transient otoacoustic emissions suppression. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 75, 414–419. [CrossRef]
  • Granjeiro, R. C., Kehrle, H. M., Bezerra, R. L., Almeida, V. F., André, L. S., & Oliveira, C. A. (2008). Transient and distortion product evoked oto-acoustic emissions in normal hearing patients with and without tinnitus. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 138(4), 502–506. [CrossRef]
  • Gürses, E., Müjdeci, B., & Aksoy, S. (2020). Psychometric data for the reliability and validity of the Mini Tinnitus Questionnaire Turkish version (TQ 12-T). ENT Updates, 10(2), 340–348. [CrossRef]
  • Henry, J. A. (2016). “Measurement” of tinnitus. Otol Neurotol, 37(8), e276–e285. [CrossRef]
  • Hoffman, H. J., & Reed, G.W. (2004) Epidemiology of tinnitus. In Tinnitus: Theory and Management (Snow Jr., J. B. (Ed) (pp. 6–41). B.C. Decker, Inc., Hamilton, Ontario, B.C.
  • Hood, L. J. (1998). Clinical applications of the auditory brainstem response. (No Title).
  • Jacxsens, L., De Pauw, J., Cardon, E., Van Der Wal, A., Jacquemin, L., Gilles, A., . . . De Hertogh, W. (2022). Brainstem evoked auditory potentials in tinnitus: A best-evidence synthesis and meta-analysis. Front Neurol, 13, 941876. [CrossRef]
  • Jafari, Z., Baguley, D., Kolb, B. E., & Mohajerani, M. H. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of extended high-frequency hearing thresholds in tinnitus with a normal audiogram. Ear Hear, 43(6), 1643–1652. [CrossRef]
  • Jarach, C. M., Lugo, A., Scala, M., van den Brandt, P. A., Cederroth, C. R., Odone, A., . . . Gallus, S. (2022). Global prevalence and incidence of tinnitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol, 79(9), 888–900. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J. (1990). Phantom auditory perception (tinnitus): mechanisms of generation and perception. Neurosci Res, 8(4), 221–254. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J., & Hazell, J. W. P. (2004). Tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT): clinical implementation of the model. Tinnitus retraining therapy: implementing the neurophysiological model, 63–144. [CrossRef]
  • Jastreboff, P. J., & Jastreboff, M. M. (2003). Tinnitus retraining therapy for patients with tinnitus and decreased sound tolerance. Otolaryngol Clin North Am, 36(2), 321–336. [CrossRef]
  • Kamışlı, G. İ. Ş., Çabuk, G. B., & Aksoy, S. (2023). Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the international tinnitus inventory. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 61(3), 109. h [CrossRef]
  • Kleinjung, T., & Londero, A. (2024). Clinical otorhinolaryngological assessment. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 345–349): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B. (2024). Tinnitus history taking. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 321–328): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., & De Ridder, D. (2024). Tinnitus, tinnitus disorder, and other phantom perceptions. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 17–24): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., de Ridder, D., Schlee, W., & Kleinjung, T. (2024). Tinnitus: clinical insights in its pathophysiology-a perspective. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol, 25(3), 249–258. [CrossRef]
  • Langguth, B., & Gilles, A. (2024). Tinnitus questionnaires. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 329–343): Springer. [CrossRef]
  • Elbert, T. (2007). Consensus for tinnitus patient assessment and treatment outcome measurement: Tinnitus Research Initiative meeting, Regensburg, July 2006. Prog Brain Res, 166, 525–536. [CrossRef]
  • Liberman, M. C., & Kujawa, S. G. (2017). Cochlear synaptopathy in acquired sensorineural hearing loss: manifestations and mechanisms. Hear Res, 349, 138–147. [CrossRef]
  • Madhukesh, S., Palaniswamy, H. P., Ganapathy, K., Rajashekhar, B., & Nisha, K. V. (2024). The impact of tinnitus on speech perception in noise: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 1–18. [CrossRef]
  • Makar, S. K. (2021). Etiology and pathophysiology of tinnitus: a systematic review. Int Tinnitus J, 25(1), 76–86. [CrossRef]
  • McPherson, D. L. (1996). Late potentials of the auditory system. (No Title). Milloy, V., Fournier, P., Benoit, D., Noreña, A., & Koravand, A. (2017). Auditory brainstem responses in tinnitus: a review of who, how, and what? Front Aging Neurosci, 9, 237. [CrossRef]
  • Møller, A. R., Langguth, B., DeRidder, D., & Kleinjung, T. (2010). Textbook of Tinnitus. Springer Science & Business Media. [CrossRef]
  • Norena, A., Micheyl, C., Chéry-Croze, S., & Collet, L. (2002). Psychoacoustic characterization of the tinnitus spectrum: implications for the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus. Audiol Neurotol, 7(6), 358–369. [CrossRef]
  • Norton, S. J., Schmidt, A. R., & Stover, L. J. (1990). Tinnitus and otoacoustic emissions: is there a link? Ear Hear, 11(2), 159. [CrossRef]
  • Öcal, F. C. A., Bozkurt, H. K., Ünlü, C. E., Tyler, R., & Satar, B. (2025). Validity of the Turkish version of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 62(4), 145.
  • Öztürk Özdeş, N., Kır, G., & Tokgöz-Yılmaz, S. (2025). Revision of the Turkish Khalfa Hyperacusis Questionnaire: a boosted tool for the tinnitus population. Acta Otolaryngol, 1–7. [CrossRef]
  • Paglialonga, A., Del Bo, L., Ravazzani, P., & Tognola, G. (2010). Quantitative analysis of cochlear active mechanisms in tinnitus subjects with normal hearing sensitivity: multiparametric recording of evoked otoacoustic emissions and contralateral suppression. Auris Nasus Larynx, 37(3), 291–298. [CrossRef]
  • Roberts, L. E. (2007). Residual inhibition. Prog Brain Res, 166, 487–495. [CrossRef]
  • Schecklmann, M., Jacquemin, L., & Baguley, D. M. (2024). Hyperacusis and Tinnitus. In Textbook of Tinnitus (pp. 501–513). Springer. [CrossRef]
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Odyoloji
Bölüm Gözden Geçirme Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Emine Ayça Ödemişlioğlu Aydın 0000-0002-6381-0508

Günay Kırkım 0000-0003-4170-5317

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Kasım 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Mart 2025
Kabul Tarihi 14 Kasım 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Ödemişlioğlu Aydın, E. A., & Kırkım, G. (2025). TİNNİTUSLU BİREYLERE ODYOLOJİK YAKLAŞIM. Türk Odyoloji ve İşitme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 34-42.