Comparison of the Dynamic Characteristics of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers with Different Elbow Forms

Öz

This study aims to examine experimentally the damping performance of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCD) by considering different elbow forms. Experiments carried out within the scope of the study point out the dynamic characteristics of TLCD, which has 45 (open) and 90 (closed) degree-elbow forms with theoretical angular frequencies that are the same. Experiments consist of ±5 and ±10 mm harmonic excitation amplitude to observe the relationship between the damping ratio and head loss coefficient with the mass ratio of the TLCD. These experiments with an incremental mass ratio of 0.05% from 0.80% to 1.00% and with an incremental mass ratio of 0.10% from 1.00% to 1.20% had been carried out in detail. Mass and stiffness Modification Factors (MF) are suggested to minimize the difference between numerical and experimental results. Determined MFs are used to examine the earthquake performance of TLCD on a Single-Degree-of-Freedom (SDOF) system. It is shown that the open elbow has an advantage of approximately 25% over the close elbow under earthquake performance on the SDOF system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tuned liquid column dampers
• passive control
• shaking table experiments
• earthquake simulation

Kaynakça

1. Sakai, F., Takaeda, S., Tamaki, T., Tuned liquid column damper new type device for suppression of building vibration, Proc. Int. Con. on High-rise Buildings, Nanjing, China, 1989, 926-931, 1989.
2. Kwok, K.C.S., Samali, B., Xu, Y.L., Control of wind induced vibration of tall structures by optimised tuned liquid column dampers, Proc. Asia-Pacific Conf. On Computational Mechanics, Hong Kong, 569-574, 1991.
3. Samali, B., Kwok, K.C.S., Young, G., Xu, Y. L., Effectiveness of optimised tuned liquid column dampers in controlling vibration of tall buildings subject to strong ground motions, Proc. 2nd Int. Conf on Highrise Buildings, Nanjing, China, 402 -407, 1992.
4. Samali, B, Kwok, K.C.S., Parsanejad, S., Xu, Y.L., Vibration control of buildings by tuned liquid column dampers, Proc. 2nd hzt. Conf on Highrise Buildings, Nanjing, China, 425-430, 1992.
5. Xu, Y.L., Samali, B., Kwok, K.C.S., Control of along-wind response of structures by mass and liquid dampers, Journal of Engineering Mechanics- ASCE, 118 (1), 20-39, 1992.
6. Xu, Y.L., Kwok, K.C.S., Samali, B., The effect of tuned mass dampers and liquid dampers on cross-wind response of tall/slender structures, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 10, 33-54, 1992.
7. Aydın, E., Öztürk, Kebeli, Bati, M., Kavaz, Y., Kilic, B., Effects of Tuned Liquid Column Damper Properties on The Dynamic Response of Structures, ASCE-EMI 2019 International Conference, 2019.
8. Gao, H., Kwok, K.C.S., Samali, B., Optimization of tuned liquid column dampers. Engineering Structures, 19(6), 476–86, 1997.

9. Yalla, S.K., Kareem, A., Optimum absorber parameters for tuned liquid column dampers, Journal of Structural Engineering, 126(8), 906–15, 2000.
10. Wu, J.C., Chang C.H., Lin, Y.Y., Optimal design of non-uniform tuned liquid column dampers in horizontal motion, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 326, 104–22, 2009.
11. Shum, K.M., Closed form optimal solution of a tuned liquid column damper for suppressing harmonic vibration of structures, Engineering Structures, 31, 84–92, 2009.
12. Hochrainer, M.J., Ziegler, F., Control of tall building vibrations by sealed tuned liquid column dampers, Structural Control Health Monitoring, 13, 980–1002, 2006.
13. Balendra, T., Wang, C.M., Cheong H.G., Effectiveness of tuned liquid column dampers for vibration control of towers, Engineering Structures, 17(9), 668-678, 1995.
14. Min, K.W., Kim H.S, Lee S.H, Kim H., Ahn S.K., Performance evaluation of tuned liquid column dampers for response control of a 76-story benchmark building, Engineering Structures, 27, 1101-1112, 2005.
15. Bigdeli, Y., Kim, D., Damping Effects of the Passive Control Devices on Structural Vibration Control: TMD, TLC and TLCD for Varying Total Masses, KSCE journal of Engineering, 20, 301-308, 2016.
16. Balendra, T., Wang, C.M., Rakesh, G., Vibration control of various types of buildings using TLCD, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 83, 197–208, 1999.
17. Sadek, F., Mohraz B., Lew, H.S., Single- and multiple-tuned liquid column dampers for seismic applications, Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 27, 439– 63, 1998.
18. Gao, H., Kwok, K.S.C., Samali, B., Characteristics of multiple tuned liquid column dampers in suppressing structural vibration, Engineering Structures, 21, 316–331, 1999.
19. Hitchcock, P.A., Glanville, M.J., Kwok, K.C.S., Watkins, R.D., Samali, B., Damping properties and wind-induced response of a steel frame tower fitted with liquid column vibration absorbers, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 83,183-196, 1999.
20. Park, B.J., Lee, Y.J., Park, M.J., Ju, Y.K., Vibration control of a structure by a tuned liquid column damper with embossments, Engineering Structures, 168 290–299, 2018.
21. Gur, S., Roy K., Mishra, S.K., Tuned liquid column ball damper for seismic vibration control, Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 22, 1325–1342, 2015.
22. Lee, S.K., Min, K.W., Lee, H.R., Parameter identification of new bidirectional tuned liquid column and sloshing dampers, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 330 (7), 1312-1327, 2011.
23. Lee, H.R., Min, K.W., Reducing Acceleration Response of a SDOF Structure with a Bi-Directional Liquid Damper, Procedia Engineering, 14, 1237-1244, 2011.
24. Matteo, A.D., Iacono, F.L., Navarra, G., Pirrotta, A., Direct evaluation of the equivalent linear damping for TLCD systems in random vibration for pre-design purposes, International Journal of Non-linear Mechanics, 63, 19-30, 2014.
25. Matteo, A.D., Iacono, F.L., Navarra, G., Pirrotta, A., Experimental validation of a direct pre-design formula for TLCD, Engineering Structures, 75, 528-538, 2014.
26. Hitchcock, P.A., Kwok, K.C.S., Watkins, R.D., Samali, B., Characteristics of liquid column vibration absorbers (LCVA)-I, Engineering Structures, 19 (2), 126-134, 1997.
27. Balendra, T., Wang, C.M., Rakesh, G., Effectiveness of TLCD on various structural systems, Engineering Structures, 21, 91–305, 1999.
28. Chang, C.C., Hsu C.T., Control performance of liquid column vibration absorbers, Engineering Structures, 20 (7), 580-586, 1998.
29. Damcı, E., Şekerci, Ç., Development of a Low-Cost Single-Axis Shake Table Based on Arduino, Experimental Techniques, 43, 179-198, 2019.
30. Chopra. A. K., Dynamics of structures: theory and applications to earthquake engineering, 4th Edition, Pearson Education, USA, ISBN: 978-0-13-285803-8, 2011.
31. Wu, J.C., Shih, M.H., Lin, Y.Y., Shen, YC., Design Guidelines for tuned liquid column damper for structure responding to wind, Engineering Structures, 27, 1893-1905, 2005.
32. Aydın, E., Öztürk, Kebeli, Y.E., Gültepe, G., An Experimental Study on the Effects of Different Pendulum Damper Designs on Structural Behavior, 17th World Conference on Seismic Isolation, 2022.
33. Sarkar, A., Gudmestad, O.T., Pendulum type column damper (PLCD) for controlling vibrations of a structure – Theoretical and experimental study, Engineering Structures, 49, 221-233, 2013.
34. Aydın, E., Öztürk, B., Dutkiewicz, M., Çetin, H., Okkay, O., Ohancan, U., Şirin, Y.E., Experiments of tuned liquid damper (TLD) on the reduced shear frame model under harmonic loads, EPJ Web of Conference, 143, 02001, 2017.
35. Zhang, Z., Numerical and experimental investigations of the sloshing modal properties of sloped-bottom tuned liquid dampers for structural vibration control, Engineering Structures, 204, 2020.
36. Ashasi-Sorkhabi, A., Malekghasemi, H., Ghaemmaghami, A., Mercan, O., Experimental investigations of tuned liquid damper-structure interactions in resonance considering multiple parameters, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 388, 141-153, 2017.
37. Wen, Y.K., Design Equivalent Linearization for Hysteretic Systems Under Random Excitation, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 47(1), 150-4, 1980.
38. PEER Ground Motion Database - PEER Center. http://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/ (Accessed, 9th May 2024).