Creating Flight Safety Risk Analysis System: Samsun Çarşamba Airport Example

Öz

This study examines the risk analysis and results carried out around Samsun Çarşamba Airport through the Flight Safety Risk Analysis System (FSRAS), which was developed to increase aviation safety and minimize risks. It focuses on the effects of land management and zoning legislation on flight safety associated with development around the airport. In the study, possible threats to flight safety due to environmental factors and human activities were determined and risky areas were analyzed. With the software developed using the Python programming language, dynamic spatial queries were made via Google Maps and Google Places APIs, and the results were visualized on the QGIS platform. The analysis revealed the existence of structures that could threaten flight safety, such as a waste separation facility within the 13-kilometer risky area, fuel stations in the 15-kilometer risky area, places of worship and schools in the 3-kilometer risky area. In this context, it is recommended to minimize risky construction around the airport and to implement land management policies in accordance with international standards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Flight safety
• risk analysis
• transport safety
• land management
• disaster management

Kaynakça

1. Afonso, F., Sohst, M., Diogo C.M.A., Rodrigues, S.S., Ferreira, A., Ribeiro, I., Marques, R., Rego,F.F.C.,Sohouli,A.,Pereira, J.P., Policarpo, H., Soares, B., Ferreira, B., Fernandes, E.C., Lau, F., Suleman, A. (2023). Strategies towards a more sustainable aviation: A systematic review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 137, 100878.
2. Allan, J. R. (2000). The costs of bird strikes and bird strike prevention. Human Conflicts with Wildlife: Economic Considerations, 2, 147-153.
3. Andringa, L., Ökmen, Ö., Leijten, M., Bosch-Rekveldt, M., & Bakker, H. (2022). Incorporating project complexities in risk assessment: Case of an airport expansion construction project. Journal of Management in Engineering, 38(6), 05022015.
4. Allan, J.R. and A.P. Orosz,. (2001). “The costs of birdstrikes to commercial avition,’’ Bird Strike Committee-USA/Canada, Third Joint Annual Meeting, Calgary, AB, 218-226, 2001.
5. Bienz, A. F. (2004). Analysis of the Risks of the Population due to Airplane Crashes Around Zürich Airport. In Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management: PSAM 7-ESREL’04 June 14–18, 2004, Berlin, Germany, Volume 6 (pp. 229-235). London: Springer London.
6. Blackwell, B. F., Seamans, T. W., Schmidt, P. M., Devault, T. L., Belant, J. L., Whittingham, M. J., ... & Fernández-Juricic, E. (2013). A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities.l
7. Boeing. (2021). Commercial market outlook 2021-2040. Boeing Market Research.
8. Cleary, E. C., & Dolbeer, R. A. (2005). Wildlife hazard management at airports: A manual for airport personnel. Federal Aviation Administration, 133.

9. Civil Aviation Authority. (2023). Samsun Çarşamba Airport. Civil Aviation Journal.
10. Çakirgöz, M. S. (2017). Havacılık sektöründe uçuş güvenliği ve imar planları açısından maniâ planlarının irdelenmesi, Master's thesis, Yıldız Technical University Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
11. de Oliveira, L. H. W. (2024). Population densities and real estate development on the alignment of São Paulo’s Congonhas and Guarulhos airports’ runways. TRANSPORTES, 32(2), e2892-e2892.
12. DHMI. (2023). Samsun Çarşamba Havalimanı yıllık raporu. DHMI Resmi Yayını.
13. Di Mascio, P., Dinu, R., Loprencipe, G., & Moretti, L. (2024). Land Use Around Airports: Policies and Methods for Third-Party Risk Assessment—A Review. Future Transportation, 4(4), 1501-1519. https://doi.org/10.3390/futuretransp4040072
14. Dobryak, D. S., Novakovska, I. O., Nikolaiev, K. D., & Skrypnyk, L. R. (2019, December). Methods of imposing restrictions on land management in planning of an airport’s transport infrastructure. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering (Vol. 708, No. 1, p. 012003). IOP Publishing.
15. Dolbeer, R. A. (2006). Bird and other wildlife hazards at airports: Liability issues for airport managers. Journal of Airport Management, 1(1), 1-16.
16. Dolbeer, R. A., & Wright, S. E. (2009). Safety management systems: how useful will the FAA National Wildlife Strike Database be? Human-Wildlife Conflicts, 3(2), 167–178. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24875704.
17. Erol, A., & Kanbur, E. (2017). Uçak bakım örgütlerinde iş sağlığı ve güvenliği yönetimi: çalışma sahalarından örnekler. Al-Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 181-192.
18. Evans, A., & Schäfer, A. (2013). The rebound effect in the aviation sector. Energy economics, 36, 158-165.
19. Ferrulli, P. (2016). Green Airport Design Evaluation (GrADE)–methods and tools improving infrastructure planning. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 3781-3790.
20. Forsyth, P., Guiomard, C., & Niemeier, H.-M. (2023). Airport Economics (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003156901.
21. FSF. (2022). Airline accidents 2022. Retrieved from https://aviation-safety.net/database/2022-analysis (Access date: 23.09.2024).
22. Gemici, E., & YILMAZ, H. (2019). Güvenlik stratejileri ve yönetimi açısından havacılık güvenliği. Journal of Aviation, 3(1), 15-27.
23. Gössling, S., Humpe, A., & Fichert, F. (2021). COVID-19 and pathways to low-carbon air transport until 2050. Environmental Research Letters, 16(3), 034063.
24. Göv, A. S., & Kahraman, J. (2022). Havacilik Sektöründe İnsan Faktörü Ve Kazalar. Journal of Hava Taşımacılığında Güncel Araştırmalar, April 2022, 134-157.
25. Graham, B., & Guyer, C. (2020). Environmental sustainability, airport capacity and European air transport liberalization: irreconcilable goals?, Journal of Transport Geography, 7(3), 165-180.
26. Hatipoğlu, S., & Işık, E. S. (2015). Havayolu ulaşımında hizmet kalitesinin ölçülmesi: İç hatlarda bir uygulama. Journal of Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler, 12(2), 293-312.
27. J.D. Hardt, A. Colyer & J.R. Allen, “Developing bird-strike risk assessment models for openwater restorations,’’ Journal of Wildlife Conflicts, 3(2), 186-198, 2009.
28. International Air Transport Association (IATA). (2022). Air passenger market analysis: December 2021. IATA Reports.
29. ICAO,. (2020). Airport planning manual: Land use and safety considerations. ICAO Publications.
30. Karaman, A. S., Kilic, M., & Uyar, A. (2018). Sustainability reporting in the aviation industry: worldwide evidence. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 9(4), 362-391.
31. Keirn, Gail; Cepek, Jonathon; Blackwell, Bradley; and DeVaul, Travis L., (2010). "On a Quest for Safer Skies: Managing the Growing Threat of Wildlife Hazards to Aviation". USDA National Wildlife Research Center - Staff Publications. 927.
32. Khalafallah, A., & El-Rayes, K. (2006). Minimizing construction-related hazards in airport expansion projects. Journal of construction engineering and management, 132(6), 562-572.
33. Huang, C. (2020). Further improving general aviation flight safety: analysis of aircraft accidents during takeoff. The Collegiate Aviation Review International, 38(1).
34. Li, Y., & Liang, C. (2018). The analysis of spatial pattern and hotspots of aviation accident and ranking the potential risk airports based on GIS platform. Journal of advanced transportation, 2018(1), 4027498.
35. Linnell, M. A., Conover, M. R., & Ohashi, T. J. (1996). Analysis of bird strikes at a tropical airport. Journal of Wildlife Management, 60(3), 935-945.
36. Mendoca, F. A., Keller, J., & Wang, Y. (2017). Managing the risks: An analysis of bird strike reporting at Part 139 Airports in Indiana 2001-2014. Journal of Airline and Airport Management, 7(1), 43-64.
37. Nikolajeff, J. P. (2013). Analysis of the bird strike reports received by the Finnish Transport Safety Agency between the years 2000 and 2011, Master Thesis, Cranfield University School of Engineering.
38. NTSB. (2019). Aviation accident database & synopses. Retrieved from https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/index.aspx (Access date: 20.09.2024).
39. Okumuş, A., & Asil, H. (2007). Hizmet kalitesi algılamasının havayolu yolcularının genel memnuniyet düzeylerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Journal, 36(2), 7-29.
40. Pai, V. (2010). On the factors that affect airline flight frequency and aircraft size. Journal of air Transport management, 16(4), 169-177.
41. Schumann, U. (2002). Aircraft emissions. Encyclopedia of global environmental change, 3, 178-186.
42. Sodhi, N. S. (2002). Competition in the air: Birds versus aircraft. Journal of Transport Management, 19(3), 587-595, https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.3.587.
43. Stolzer, A. J., Sumwalt, R. L., & Goglia, J. J. (2023). Safety management systems in aviation. CRC Press 3rd Edition.
44. Sun, X., Zheng, C., Wandelt, S., & Zhang, A. (2023). Air transportation and COVID-19: A tale with three episodes. Transport Economics and Management, 1, 13-21.
45. THY. (2023). Samsun Çarşamba Havalimanı sefer bilgileri. THY Sefer Raporları.
46. Tsague, L., and Tatietsé, T. T. (2007). Aircraft cruise nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions prediction and environmental pollution factor. Energy & environment, 18(5), 565-575.
47. Umilia, E. (2014). Delineation of The Area of Aviation Safety as A Form of Land Use Control at The Airport and Surrounding; Case Studies Juanda Airport in Surabaya. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 135, 172-177.
48. Uzun, Ö. F., and Sesli, F. A. (2020). Creation and Analysis of Obstacle Plans with Geographic Informatıon System: Samsun Çarşamba Airport Example. Black Sea Journal of Engineering and Science, 3(3), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.34248/bsengineering.746948
49. Uzun, Ö. F. (2024). Reducing flight risks through wildlife control: John F. Kennedy International Airport example. Aerospace Traffic and Safety, 1(2-4), 165-170.
50. Vasilis, L., Jerrentrup, H., Dora, P., & Anastasios, E. (2005). Assessment and integrated risk management of collissions aircrafts to birds at International Civil Aerodrome of Kavala (NE Greece). In Proceedings of the International Bird Strike Committee (Vol. 27, pp. 1-16).
51. Warnock-Smith, D., Graham, A., O'Connell, J. F., & Efthymiou, M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on air transport passenger markets: Examining evidence from the Chinese market. Journal of Air Transport Management, 94, 102085.
52. Zummo, G., & Murrell, S. D. (2011). Case Study for the Planning, Design, and Construction Phase of Runway 13R-31L at John F. Kennedy International Airport. In Transportation and Development Institute Congress 2011: Integrated Transportation and Development for a Better Tomorrow (pp. 234-243).