Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Advanced Online Publication
https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1647446

Öz

Purpose: The long construction period of public infrastructure projects increases the probability of facing political and economic turmoil, which might be triggered by national and/or international instabilities. Combined with the chronic peculiarity of these projects, such as delays and cost overruns, political and economic turmoil could lead to the temporary suspension of public infrastructure projects since the governments and/or public authorities fail to allocate sufficient financial resources. However, suspension decision for public infrastructure projects poses a wide range of risks that are widely neglected in the literature. Thus, this study proposes a suspension risk management framework by identifying and assessing the risks that may arise after the suspension of public infrastructure projects. The study also investigates perception differences among the leading stakeholders of the public infrastructure projects to ensure that the stakeholders could formalize shared risk response strategies. Initially, a comprehensive literature review and focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted to identify the suspension risks. Next, the questionnaire survey and fuzzy TOPSIS analysis were jointly implemented to determine the significance of each risk. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test were implemented to examine the reliability of the dataset and the perception differences. The results indicated that the suspension decision of infrastructure projects has financial, technical, managerial, social, and environmental implications. Therefore, the suspension risks proposed in this study should be analyzed deeply before the suspension decision is given. Besides, the results pinpointed risks such as “Uncertainties due to constant changes in the contract,” “Financial losses arising from the judicial and/or alternative dispute resolution processes,” and “Administrative difficulties in obtaining financing in the re-starting period” as the most critical suspension risk factors, necessitating urgent and comprehensive risk response strategies. Lastly, the Mann-Whitney U test validated that the proposed framework could be implemented by contracting parties to formulate shared risk response strategies in infrastructure projects.

Kaynakça

  • A. Sanchez-Cazorla, R. Alfalla-Luque, and A. I. Irimia-Dieguez, “Risk Identification in Megaprojects as a Crucial Phase of Risk Management: A Literature Review,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 75–93, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1177/875697281604700606.
  • R. Iftikhar, R. Müller, and T. Ahola, “Crises and Coping Strategies in Megaprojects: The Case of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi Metro Bus Project in Pakistan,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 394–409, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1177/87569728211015850.
  • OECD, “Getting Infrastructure Right: The Ten Key Governance Challenges and Policy Options,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.oecd.org/gov/getting-infrastructure-right.pdf.
  • V. Valentin, N. Naderpajouh, and D. Abraham, “Impact of Characteristics of Infrastructure Projects on Public Opinion,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 1, p. 04017051, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000576/ASSET/170F8D10-B9B1-4121-B0AB-918C6BD16458/ASSETS/IMAGES/LARGE/FIGURE3.JPG.
  • T. Wang, J. Xu, Q. He, A. P. C. Chan, and E. K. Owusu, “Studies on the success criteria and critical success factors for mega infrastructure construction projects: a literature review,” vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1809–1834, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1042.
  • H. T. Dimitriou, E. J. Ward, and P. G. Wright, “Mega transport projects—Beyond the ‘iron triangle’: Findings from the OMEGA research programme,” Prog. Plann., vol. 86, pp. 1–43, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.progress.2013.03.001.
  • Infrastructure Australia, “National public private partnership guidelines: Overview,” Canberra, Australia, Australia, 2008.
  • McKinsey Global Institute, “Megaprojects: The good, the bad, and the better,” 2015. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/megaprojects-the-good-the-bad-and-the-better.
  • L. Molinari, E. Haezendonck, and V. Mabillard, “Cost overruns of Belgian transport infrastructure projects: Analyzing variations over three land transport modes and two project phases,” Transp. Policy, vol. 134, pp. 167–179, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2023.02.017.
  • A. C. Cagliano, S. Grimaldi, and C. Rafele, “Choosing project risk management techniques. A theoretical framework,” J. Risk Res., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 232–248, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1080/13669877.2014.896398.
  • H. Priemus and B. van Wee, International Handbook on Mega-Projects. Edward Elgar, 2013.
  • B. Flyvbjerg, “What you Should Know about Megaprojects and Why: An Overview,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 6–19, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1002/pmj.21409.
  • B. Flyvbjerg, Ed., The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • F. C. Matienzo, “Temporary Suspension of Construction Projects,” in Construction Research Congress 2016, 2016, pp. 2149–2159.
  • W. Jiang and I. Martek, “Strategies for managing the political risk of investing in infrastructure projects, in developing countries,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-12-2021-1072/FULL/PDF.
  • Rail Turkey, “Which metro projects suspended, which continue in Istanbul?,” 2018. .
  • A. M. Nafday, “Strategies for Professional Engineering Firms during Economic Recession,” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 7–11, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000035.
  • R. J. Wittbrodt and L. M. Eaton, “Project Suspension: What Owners And Contractors Need To Know-NOW!” [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/business/15lehman.html?pagewanted=all.
  • United Nations, “Monthly Briefing on the World Economic Situation and Prospects,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/document_gem/global-economic-monitoring-unit/monthly-briefing-on-the-world-economic-situation-and-prospects/page/2/.
  • A. Surahyo, Understanding Construction Contracts. Springer International Publishing, 2018.
  • R. J. Wittbrodt and L. M. Eaton, “Project Suspension: What Owners And Contractors Need To Know-NOW!,” 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/business/15lehman.html?pagewanted=all.
  • A. K. Sinha and K. N. Jha, “Impact of Judicial Overreach on PPP Construction Projects,” J. Leg. Aff. Disput. Resolut. Eng. Constr., vol. 11, no. 4, p. 05019006, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000330.
  • National Bureau of Economic Research, “Who Pays and Who Benefits from Public Infrastructure Projects,” 2019. https://www.nber.org/digest/may20/who-pays-and-who-benefits-public-infrastructure-projects.
  • McKinsey, “Selecting infrastructure projects for the next normal,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/selecting-infrastructure-projects-for-the-next-normal.
  • L. Bing, A. Akintoye, P. J. Edwards, and C. Hardcastle, “The allocation of risk in PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 25–35, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.006.
  • S. G. Kim, “Risk performance indexes and measurement systems for mega construction projects,” J. Civ. Eng. Manag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 586–594, 2010, doi: 10.3846/jcem.2010.65.
  • M. N. Ibrahim, D. Thorpe, and M. N. Mahmood, “Risk factors affecting the ability for earned value management to accurately assess the performance of infrastructure projects in Australia,” Constr. Innov., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 550–569, 2019, doi: 10.1108/CI-07-2018-0058.
  • L. Chen, Q. Lu, and X. Zhao, “Rethinking the Construction Schedule Risk of Infrastructure Projects Based on Dialectical Systems and Network Theory,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 36, no. 5, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000829.
  • S. Singh, S. Johari, A. Hasan, and K. N. Jha, “Risk Factors in Dedicated Freight Corridor and Mass Rapid-Transit Metro Rail Infrastructure Projects,” J. Leg. Aff. Disput. Resolut. Eng. Constr., vol. 14, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.1061/(asce)la.1943-4170.0000531.
  • J. Jeon et al., “Risk Breakdown Matrix for Risk-Based Inspection of Transportation Infrastructure Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 149, no. 4, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-12783.
  • Arcadis, “Global Construction Disputes Report,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.arcadis.com/en/news/europe/czech/2021/06/mezinárodní-zpráva-o-stavebních-sporech.
  • PMI, A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide). Project Management Institute, 2018.
  • C. Chen and J. R. Bartle, “Infrastructure financing: A guide for local government managers.,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://icma.org/documents/infrastructure-financing-guide-local-government-managers.
  • International Monetary Fund, “POLICY RESPONSES TO COVID-19,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19.
  • QUINTET, “UNDERSTANDING PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE: INVESTING IN PRIVATE MARKETS,” 2025.
  • World Bank Group, “Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Annual Report 2023,” 2023.
  • C. Budayan, “Evaluation of delay causes for BOT projects based on perceptions of different stakeholders in Turkey,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 35, no. 1, p. 04018057, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000668.
  • C. Budayan, O. Okudan, and I. Dikmen, “Identification and prioritization of stage-level KPIs for BOT projects – evidence from Turkey,” Int. J. Manag. Proj. Bus., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1311–1337, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1108/IJMPB-11-2019-0286.
  • N. B. Siraj and A. R. Fayek, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, 2019, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001685.
  • Permitting Dashboard, “About the Federal Infrastructure Permitting Dashboard,” 2019. .
  • HKA, “CRUX Insight,” 2020. [Online]. Available: file:///C:/Users/okuda/Downloads/CRUX Insight - Engineering and Construction - A Regional Analysis of Causation.pdf.
  • H. S. Cha and K. Y. Shin, “Predicting Project Cost Performance Level by Assessing Risk Factors of Building Construction in South Korea,” J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 437–444, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.3130/jaabe.10.437.
  • N. B. Siraj and A. R. Fayek, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001685.
  • K. Almarri, M. Aljarman, and H. Boussabaine, “Emerging contractual and legal risks from the application of building information modelling,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2307–2325, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-06-2018-0224.
  • R. Alizadeh, R. Gharizadeh Beiragh, L. Soltanisehat, E. Soltanzadeh, and P. D. Lund, “Performance evaluation of complex electricity generation systems: A dynamic network-based data envelopment analysis approach,” Energy Econ., vol. 91, p. 104894, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104894.
  • P. Boateng, Z. Chen, and S. O. Ogunlana, “An Analytical Network Process model for risks prioritisation in megaprojects,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1795–1811, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.08.007.
  • Y. Li, Y. Hu, B. Xia, M. Skitmore, and H. Li, “Proactive behavior-based system for controlling safety risks in urban highway construction megaprojects,” Autom. Constr., vol. 95, pp. 118–128, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.07.021.
  • Z. Chen, P. Boateng, and S. O. Ogunlana, “A dynamic system approach to risk analysis for megaproject delivery,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Manag. Procure. Law, vol. 172, no. 6, pp. 232–252, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1680/jmapl.18.00041.
  • H. Erol, I. Dikmen, G. Atasoy, and M. T. Birgonul, “Exploring the Relationship between Complexity and Risk in Megaconstruction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 146, no. 12, p. 04020138, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001946.
  • J. Xue, G. Q. Shen, R. J. Yang, I. Zafar, and E. M. A. C. Ekanayake, “Dynamic Network Analysis of Stakeholder Conflicts in Megaprojects: Sixteen-Year Case of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 146, no. 9, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001895.
  • A. F. Farahani, K. Khalili-Damghani, H. Didehkhani, A. H. Sarfaraz, and M. Hajirezaie, “A Framework for Project Risk Assessment in Dynamic Networks: A Case Study of Oil and Gas Megaproject Construction,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 88767–88781, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3084349.
  • C. D. Banerjee, J. Putta, and R. M. Rao P, “Risk Identification, Assessments, and Prediction for Mega Construction Projects: A Risk Prediction Paradigm Based on Cross Analytical-Machine Learning Model,” Buildings, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 172, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/buildings11040172.
  • K. M. Mazher et al., “Identifying Measures of Effective Risk Management for Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries,” Sustain., vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 1–19, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su142114149.
  • P. Boateng, T. Omotayo, T. Osunsanmi, and D. Ekundayo, “Socio-ecological risks management dynamic simulation in megaproject development of the Edinburgh Tram Network,” Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt., Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1108/IJBPA-05-2022-0076.
  • C. Coskun, I. Dikmen, and M. T. Birgonul, “Sustainability risk assessment in mega construction projects,” Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 700–718, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2022-0153.
  • K. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Kou, X. Yang, and G. Hu, “Efficiency of risk management for tunnel security of megaprojects construction in China based on system dynamics,” 2023, doi: 10.1080/13467581.2023.2223696.
  • D. Slizyte, N. Lepkova, and R. Mackevicius, “Geotechnical risk identification: Case study of flexible retaining wall installation,” Tek. Dergi/Technical J. Turkish Chamb. Civ. Eng., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 10085–10111, 2020, doi: 10.18400/TEKDERG.459316.
  • M. Çevi̇kbaş, “Identification of Dispute Sources in the Construction Industry via Court Files,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 57–75, 2023, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1224425.
  • Y. Hengbing, K. Terh Jing, L. Qinghua, and L. Yao, “Factors Influencing Schedule Management Delays on Residential Projects in China - A Case Study of Yun Yue Dong Fang Project,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1–25, 2025, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1571706.
  • H. Aladag and Z. Isik, “Multi Agent System Based Risk Allocation Model for Public-Private-Partnership Type Projects (RAMP3),” Tek. Dergi/Technical J. Turkish Chamb. Civ. Eng., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 12119–12142, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.745510.
  • H. Kunkcu, K. Koc, A. P. Gurgun, and H. H. Dagou, “Operational Barriers against the Use of Smart Contracts in Construction Projects,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 81–106, 2023, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1322972.
  • B. Bagenda and Z. Ndevu, “Principal Risks Associated with Public-Private Partnership Projects in Uganda,” Public Work. Manag. Policy, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 183–230, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1177/1087724X231167326.
  • N. Gao, Y. Chen, W. Wang, and Y. Wang, “Addressing project complexity: The role of contractual functions,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 3, p. 04018011, May 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000613.
  • F. Costa, A. Denis Granja, A. Fregola, F. Picchi, and A. Portioli Staudacher, “Understanding Relative Importance of Barriers to Improving the Customer–Supplier Relationship within Construction Supply Chains Using DEMATEL Technique,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 35, no. 3, May 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000680.
  • R. Der Sarkissian, Y. Diab, and M. Vuillet, “The ‘Build-Back-Better’ concept for reconstruction of critical Infrastructure: A review,” Safety Science, vol. 157. Elsevier B.V., Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105932.
  • F. C. Matienzo, “Temporary Suspension of Construction Projects,” in Construction Research Congress 2016, May 2016, pp. 2149–2159, doi: 10.1061/9780784479827.214.
  • Zurich Services, “Risk Topics: Managing construction project suspension and restart risks,” 2020.
  • D. N. Abeynayake and R. N. M. U. Kumara, “EFFECTS OF PREMATURE TERMINATION: CASE STUDIES OF SRI LANKAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS,” 2013.
  • M. O. Ahmed et al., “Contractual Guidelines for Promoting Integrated Project Delivery,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002173.
  • T. Al Khoori and A. H. Pinnington, “A study of factors causing cancellation or postponement of construction projects in the UAE Faculty of Business MSc in Project Management,” 2012.
  • N. B. Siraj, S. M. Asce, A. R. Fayek, P. Eng, and M. Asce, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001685.
  • I. Y. S. Chan, M. Leung, and S. S. W. Yu, “Managing the stress of Hong Kong expatriate construction professionals in Mainland China: Focus group study exploring individual coping strategies and organizational support,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 138, no. 10, pp. 1150–1160, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000533.
  • T. O. Nyumba, K. Wilson, C. J. Derrick, and N. Mukherjee, “The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation,” Methods Ecol. Evol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20–32, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12860.
  • A. R. J. Dainty, M. I. Cheng, and D. R. Moore, “Redefining performance measures for construction project managers: An empirical evaluation,” Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 209–218, 2003, doi: 10.1080/0144619032000049737.
  • M. M. Hennink, Focus Group Dicussions: Understanding Qualitative Research. New York: Oxford, 2013.
  • A. Hasan, A. Elmualim, R. Rameezdeen, and A. Marshall, “An exploratory study on the impact of mobile ICT on productivity in construction projects,” Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 320–332, 2018, doi: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2017-0080.
  • K. K. Tripathi, A. Hasan, and K. Neeraj Jha, “Evaluating performance of construction organizations using fuzzy preference relation technique,” Int. J. Constr. Manag., pp. 1–14, 2019, doi: 10.1080/15623599.2019.1613210.
  • Laerd Dissertation, “Purposive sampling,” 2023. https://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php#explained.
  • A. Kumar, A. Moktadir, Z. R. Liman, A. Gunasekaran, K. Hegemann, and S. A. Rehman Khan, “Evaluating sustainable drivers for social responsibility in the context of ready-made garments supply chain,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 248, no. April 2013, p. 119231, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119231.
  • C.-T. Chen, “Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision-making under fuzzy environment,” Fuzzy Sets Syst., vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Aug. 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00377-1.
  • J. Sofiyabadi, B. Kolahi, and C. Valmohammadi, “Key performance indicators measurement in service business: a fuzzy VIKOR approach,” Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell., vol. 27, no. 9–10, pp. 1028–1042, 2016, doi: 10.1080/14783363.2015.1059272.
  • X. Zhang, “Concessionaire’s Financial Capability in Developing Build-Operate-Transfer Type Infrastructure Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 131, no. 10, pp. 1054–1064, 2005.
  • G. K. Koulinas, O. E. Demesouka, P. K. Marhavilas, A. P. Vavatsikos, and D. E. Koulouriotis, “Risk assessment using fuzzy TOPSIS and PRAT for sustainable engineering projects,” Sustain., vol. 11, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.3390/su11030615.
  • H. M. Alshahrani et al., “Analysis and Ranking of IT Risk Factors Using Fuzzy TOPSIS-Based Approach,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 12, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12125911.
  • E. Sekhavati and R. J. Yengejeh, “Assessment Optimization of Safety and Health Risks Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique (Case Study: Construction Sites in the South of Iran),” J. Environ. Heal. Sustain. Dev., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1494–1506, 2021, doi: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i4.8154.
  • S. H. Zyoud, L. G. Kaufmann, H. Shaheen, S. Samhan, and D. Fuchs-Hanusch, “A framework for water loss management in developing countries under fuzzy environment: Integration of Fuzzy AHP with Fuzzy TOPSIS,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 61, pp. 86–105, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2016.05.016.
  • Laerd Statistics, “Mann-Whitney U Test using SPSS Statistics,” 2020. https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/mann-whitney-u-test-using-spss-statistics.php (accessed Mar. 09, 2020).
  • K. Koc and A. Pelin Gurgun, “Assessment of Readability Risks in Contracts Causing Conflicts in Construction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 6, pp. 1–13, 2021, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002050.
  • A. P. C. Chan, J. F. Y. Yeung, C. C. P. Yu, S. Q. Wang, and Y. Ke, “Empirical Study of Risk Assessment and Allocation of Public-Private Partnership Projects in China,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 136–148, 2011, doi: 10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000049.
  • The World Bank Group, “Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects Database,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://ppi.worldbank.org/explore/ppi_exploreSubSector.aspx?SubSectorID=8.
  • R. C. Marques, “Is Arbitration the Right Way to Settle Conflicts in PPP Arrangements?,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 1, p. 05017007, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000564.
  • IMF, “Fiscal Policy: Taking and giving away,” 2020.
  • A. Aisen and F. J. Veiga, “How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth?,” IMF Work. Pap., vol. 11, no. 12, p. 1, 2011, doi: 10.5089/9781455211906.001.
  • F. Morina, E. Hysa, U. Ergün, M. Panait, and M. C. Voica, “The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth: Case of the CEE Countries,” J. Risk Financ. Manag., vol. 13, no. 8, p. 177, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.3390/jrfm13080177.
  • B. Flyvbjerg and A. Budzier, “Why Your IT Project May Be Riskier Than You Think,” Harv. Bus. Rev., 2011.
  • H. P. Tserng and Y. C. Lin, Knowledge Management in the Construction Industry: A Socio-Technical Perspective. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group Publishing, 2005.
  • C. H. Lau, J. W. Mesthrige, P. T. I. Lam, and A. A. Javed, “The challenges of adopting new engineering contract: a Hong Kong study,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2389–2409, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-02-2018-0055.
  • K. Koc and A. Pelin Gurgun, “Assessment of Readability Risks in Contracts Causing Conflicts in Construction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 6, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002050.
  • P. Mackieson, A. Shlonsky, and M. Connolly, “Increasing rigor and reducing bias in qualitative research: A document analysis of parliamentary debates using applied thematic analysis,” Qual. Soc. Work, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 965–980, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1177/1473325018786996.
  • M. R. Hallowell and J. A. Gambatese, “Qualitative Research: Application of the Delphi Method to CEM Research,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 99–107, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000137.
  • H.-C. Liu, M.-Y. Quan, Z. Li, and Z.-L. Wang, “A new integrated MCDM model for sustainable supplier selection under interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic environment,” Inf. Sci. (Ny)., vol. 486, pp. 254–270, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2019.02.056.
  • K. Rogulj and N. Jajac, “Achieving a Construction Barrier–Free Environment: Decision Support to Policy Selection,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 4, p. 04018020, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000618.

Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects

Yıl 2025, Sayı: Advanced Online Publication
https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1647446

Öz

Purpose: The long construction period of public infrastructure projects increases the probability of facing political and economic turmoil, which might be triggered by national and/or international instabilities. Combined with the chronic peculiarity of these projects, such as delays and cost overruns, political and economic turmoil could lead to the temporary suspension of public infrastructure projects since the governments and/or public authorities fail to allocate sufficient financial resources. However, suspension decision for public infrastructure projects poses a wide range of risks that are widely neglected in the literature. Thus, this study proposes a suspension risk management framework by identifying and assessing the risks that may arise after the suspension of public infrastructure projects. The study also investigates perception differences among the leading stakeholders of the public infrastructure projects to ensure that the stakeholders could formalize shared risk response strategies. Initially, a comprehensive literature review and focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were conducted to identify the suspension risks. Next, the questionnaire survey and fuzzy TOPSIS analysis were jointly implemented to determine the significance of each risk. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test were implemented to examine the reliability of the dataset and the perception differences. The results indicated that the suspension decision of infrastructure projects has financial, technical, managerial, social, and environmental implications. Therefore, the suspension risks proposed in this study should be analyzed deeply before the suspension decision is given. Besides, the results pinpointed risks such as “Uncertainties due to constant changes in the contract,” “Financial losses arising from the judicial and/or alternative dispute resolution processes,” and “Administrative difficulties in obtaining financing in the re-starting period” as the most critical suspension risk factors, necessitating urgent and comprehensive risk response strategies. Lastly, the Mann-Whitney U test validated that the proposed framework could be implemented by contracting parties to formulate shared risk response strategies in infrastructure projects.

Kaynakça

  • A. Sanchez-Cazorla, R. Alfalla-Luque, and A. I. Irimia-Dieguez, “Risk Identification in Megaprojects as a Crucial Phase of Risk Management: A Literature Review,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 75–93, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1177/875697281604700606.
  • R. Iftikhar, R. Müller, and T. Ahola, “Crises and Coping Strategies in Megaprojects: The Case of the Islamabad–Rawalpindi Metro Bus Project in Pakistan,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 394–409, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1177/87569728211015850.
  • OECD, “Getting Infrastructure Right: The Ten Key Governance Challenges and Policy Options,” 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.oecd.org/gov/getting-infrastructure-right.pdf.
  • V. Valentin, N. Naderpajouh, and D. Abraham, “Impact of Characteristics of Infrastructure Projects on Public Opinion,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 1, p. 04017051, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000576/ASSET/170F8D10-B9B1-4121-B0AB-918C6BD16458/ASSETS/IMAGES/LARGE/FIGURE3.JPG.
  • T. Wang, J. Xu, Q. He, A. P. C. Chan, and E. K. Owusu, “Studies on the success criteria and critical success factors for mega infrastructure construction projects: a literature review,” vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1809–1834, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-12-2020-1042.
  • H. T. Dimitriou, E. J. Ward, and P. G. Wright, “Mega transport projects—Beyond the ‘iron triangle’: Findings from the OMEGA research programme,” Prog. Plann., vol. 86, pp. 1–43, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.progress.2013.03.001.
  • Infrastructure Australia, “National public private partnership guidelines: Overview,” Canberra, Australia, Australia, 2008.
  • McKinsey Global Institute, “Megaprojects: The good, the bad, and the better,” 2015. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/operations/our-insights/megaprojects-the-good-the-bad-and-the-better.
  • L. Molinari, E. Haezendonck, and V. Mabillard, “Cost overruns of Belgian transport infrastructure projects: Analyzing variations over three land transport modes and two project phases,” Transp. Policy, vol. 134, pp. 167–179, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1016/J.TRANPOL.2023.02.017.
  • A. C. Cagliano, S. Grimaldi, and C. Rafele, “Choosing project risk management techniques. A theoretical framework,” J. Risk Res., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 232–248, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1080/13669877.2014.896398.
  • H. Priemus and B. van Wee, International Handbook on Mega-Projects. Edward Elgar, 2013.
  • B. Flyvbjerg, “What you Should Know about Megaprojects and Why: An Overview,” Proj. Manag. J., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 6–19, Apr. 2014, doi: 10.1002/pmj.21409.
  • B. Flyvbjerg, Ed., The Oxford Handbook of Megaproject Management, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, 2017.
  • F. C. Matienzo, “Temporary Suspension of Construction Projects,” in Construction Research Congress 2016, 2016, pp. 2149–2159.
  • W. Jiang and I. Martek, “Strategies for managing the political risk of investing in infrastructure projects, in developing countries,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. ahead-of-print, no. ahead-of-print, 2023, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-12-2021-1072/FULL/PDF.
  • Rail Turkey, “Which metro projects suspended, which continue in Istanbul?,” 2018. .
  • A. M. Nafday, “Strategies for Professional Engineering Firms during Economic Recession,” J. Prof. Issues Eng. Educ. Pract., vol. 137, no. 1, pp. 7–11, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000035.
  • R. J. Wittbrodt and L. M. Eaton, “Project Suspension: What Owners And Contractors Need To Know-NOW!” [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/business/15lehman.html?pagewanted=all.
  • United Nations, “Monthly Briefing on the World Economic Situation and Prospects,” 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/document_gem/global-economic-monitoring-unit/monthly-briefing-on-the-world-economic-situation-and-prospects/page/2/.
  • A. Surahyo, Understanding Construction Contracts. Springer International Publishing, 2018.
  • R. J. Wittbrodt and L. M. Eaton, “Project Suspension: What Owners And Contractors Need To Know-NOW!,” 2009. [Online]. Available: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/15/business/15lehman.html?pagewanted=all.
  • A. K. Sinha and K. N. Jha, “Impact of Judicial Overreach on PPP Construction Projects,” J. Leg. Aff. Disput. Resolut. Eng. Constr., vol. 11, no. 4, p. 05019006, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)LA.1943-4170.0000330.
  • National Bureau of Economic Research, “Who Pays and Who Benefits from Public Infrastructure Projects,” 2019. https://www.nber.org/digest/may20/who-pays-and-who-benefits-public-infrastructure-projects.
  • McKinsey, “Selecting infrastructure projects for the next normal,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/selecting-infrastructure-projects-for-the-next-normal.
  • L. Bing, A. Akintoye, P. J. Edwards, and C. Hardcastle, “The allocation of risk in PPP/PFI construction projects in the UK,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 25–35, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2004.04.006.
  • S. G. Kim, “Risk performance indexes and measurement systems for mega construction projects,” J. Civ. Eng. Manag., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 586–594, 2010, doi: 10.3846/jcem.2010.65.
  • M. N. Ibrahim, D. Thorpe, and M. N. Mahmood, “Risk factors affecting the ability for earned value management to accurately assess the performance of infrastructure projects in Australia,” Constr. Innov., vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 550–569, 2019, doi: 10.1108/CI-07-2018-0058.
  • L. Chen, Q. Lu, and X. Zhao, “Rethinking the Construction Schedule Risk of Infrastructure Projects Based on Dialectical Systems and Network Theory,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 36, no. 5, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000829.
  • S. Singh, S. Johari, A. Hasan, and K. N. Jha, “Risk Factors in Dedicated Freight Corridor and Mass Rapid-Transit Metro Rail Infrastructure Projects,” J. Leg. Aff. Disput. Resolut. Eng. Constr., vol. 14, no. 2, 2022, doi: 10.1061/(asce)la.1943-4170.0000531.
  • J. Jeon et al., “Risk Breakdown Matrix for Risk-Based Inspection of Transportation Infrastructure Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 149, no. 4, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-12783.
  • Arcadis, “Global Construction Disputes Report,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.arcadis.com/en/news/europe/czech/2021/06/mezinárodní-zpráva-o-stavebních-sporech.
  • PMI, A guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK guide). Project Management Institute, 2018.
  • C. Chen and J. R. Bartle, “Infrastructure financing: A guide for local government managers.,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://icma.org/documents/infrastructure-financing-guide-local-government-managers.
  • International Monetary Fund, “POLICY RESPONSES TO COVID-19,” 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Policy-Responses-to-COVID-19.
  • QUINTET, “UNDERSTANDING PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE: INVESTING IN PRIVATE MARKETS,” 2025.
  • World Bank Group, “Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) Annual Report 2023,” 2023.
  • C. Budayan, “Evaluation of delay causes for BOT projects based on perceptions of different stakeholders in Turkey,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 35, no. 1, p. 04018057, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000668.
  • C. Budayan, O. Okudan, and I. Dikmen, “Identification and prioritization of stage-level KPIs for BOT projects – evidence from Turkey,” Int. J. Manag. Proj. Bus., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1311–1337, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1108/IJMPB-11-2019-0286.
  • N. B. Siraj and A. R. Fayek, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, 2019, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001685.
  • Permitting Dashboard, “About the Federal Infrastructure Permitting Dashboard,” 2019. .
  • HKA, “CRUX Insight,” 2020. [Online]. Available: file:///C:/Users/okuda/Downloads/CRUX Insight - Engineering and Construction - A Regional Analysis of Causation.pdf.
  • H. S. Cha and K. Y. Shin, “Predicting Project Cost Performance Level by Assessing Risk Factors of Building Construction in South Korea,” J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 437–444, Nov. 2011, doi: 10.3130/jaabe.10.437.
  • N. B. Siraj and A. R. Fayek, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001685.
  • K. Almarri, M. Aljarman, and H. Boussabaine, “Emerging contractual and legal risks from the application of building information modelling,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2307–2325, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-06-2018-0224.
  • R. Alizadeh, R. Gharizadeh Beiragh, L. Soltanisehat, E. Soltanzadeh, and P. D. Lund, “Performance evaluation of complex electricity generation systems: A dynamic network-based data envelopment analysis approach,” Energy Econ., vol. 91, p. 104894, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eneco.2020.104894.
  • P. Boateng, Z. Chen, and S. O. Ogunlana, “An Analytical Network Process model for risks prioritisation in megaprojects,” Int. J. Proj. Manag., vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1795–1811, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.08.007.
  • Y. Li, Y. Hu, B. Xia, M. Skitmore, and H. Li, “Proactive behavior-based system for controlling safety risks in urban highway construction megaprojects,” Autom. Constr., vol. 95, pp. 118–128, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.AUTCON.2018.07.021.
  • Z. Chen, P. Boateng, and S. O. Ogunlana, “A dynamic system approach to risk analysis for megaproject delivery,” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. - Manag. Procure. Law, vol. 172, no. 6, pp. 232–252, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1680/jmapl.18.00041.
  • H. Erol, I. Dikmen, G. Atasoy, and M. T. Birgonul, “Exploring the Relationship between Complexity and Risk in Megaconstruction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 146, no. 12, p. 04020138, 2020, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001946.
  • J. Xue, G. Q. Shen, R. J. Yang, I. Zafar, and E. M. A. C. Ekanayake, “Dynamic Network Analysis of Stakeholder Conflicts in Megaprojects: Sixteen-Year Case of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 146, no. 9, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001895.
  • A. F. Farahani, K. Khalili-Damghani, H. Didehkhani, A. H. Sarfaraz, and M. Hajirezaie, “A Framework for Project Risk Assessment in Dynamic Networks: A Case Study of Oil and Gas Megaproject Construction,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 88767–88781, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3084349.
  • C. D. Banerjee, J. Putta, and R. M. Rao P, “Risk Identification, Assessments, and Prediction for Mega Construction Projects: A Risk Prediction Paradigm Based on Cross Analytical-Machine Learning Model,” Buildings, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 172, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.3390/buildings11040172.
  • K. M. Mazher et al., “Identifying Measures of Effective Risk Management for Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries,” Sustain., vol. 14, no. 21, pp. 1–19, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su142114149.
  • P. Boateng, T. Omotayo, T. Osunsanmi, and D. Ekundayo, “Socio-ecological risks management dynamic simulation in megaproject development of the Edinburgh Tram Network,” Int. J. Build. Pathol. Adapt., Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1108/IJBPA-05-2022-0076.
  • C. Coskun, I. Dikmen, and M. T. Birgonul, “Sustainability risk assessment in mega construction projects,” Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 700–718, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2022-0153.
  • K. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Kou, X. Yang, and G. Hu, “Efficiency of risk management for tunnel security of megaprojects construction in China based on system dynamics,” 2023, doi: 10.1080/13467581.2023.2223696.
  • D. Slizyte, N. Lepkova, and R. Mackevicius, “Geotechnical risk identification: Case study of flexible retaining wall installation,” Tek. Dergi/Technical J. Turkish Chamb. Civ. Eng., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 10085–10111, 2020, doi: 10.18400/TEKDERG.459316.
  • M. Çevi̇kbaş, “Identification of Dispute Sources in the Construction Industry via Court Files,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 57–75, 2023, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1224425.
  • Y. Hengbing, K. Terh Jing, L. Qinghua, and L. Yao, “Factors Influencing Schedule Management Delays on Residential Projects in China - A Case Study of Yun Yue Dong Fang Project,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1–25, 2025, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1571706.
  • H. Aladag and Z. Isik, “Multi Agent System Based Risk Allocation Model for Public-Private-Partnership Type Projects (RAMP3),” Tek. Dergi/Technical J. Turkish Chamb. Civ. Eng., vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 12119–12142, 2022, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.745510.
  • H. Kunkcu, K. Koc, A. P. Gurgun, and H. H. Dagou, “Operational Barriers against the Use of Smart Contracts in Construction Projects,” Turkish J. Civ. Eng., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 81–106, 2023, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1322972.
  • B. Bagenda and Z. Ndevu, “Principal Risks Associated with Public-Private Partnership Projects in Uganda,” Public Work. Manag. Policy, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 183–230, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1177/1087724X231167326.
  • N. Gao, Y. Chen, W. Wang, and Y. Wang, “Addressing project complexity: The role of contractual functions,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 3, p. 04018011, May 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000613.
  • F. Costa, A. Denis Granja, A. Fregola, F. Picchi, and A. Portioli Staudacher, “Understanding Relative Importance of Barriers to Improving the Customer–Supplier Relationship within Construction Supply Chains Using DEMATEL Technique,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 35, no. 3, May 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000680.
  • R. Der Sarkissian, Y. Diab, and M. Vuillet, “The ‘Build-Back-Better’ concept for reconstruction of critical Infrastructure: A review,” Safety Science, vol. 157. Elsevier B.V., Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2022.105932.
  • F. C. Matienzo, “Temporary Suspension of Construction Projects,” in Construction Research Congress 2016, May 2016, pp. 2149–2159, doi: 10.1061/9780784479827.214.
  • Zurich Services, “Risk Topics: Managing construction project suspension and restart risks,” 2020.
  • D. N. Abeynayake and R. N. M. U. Kumara, “EFFECTS OF PREMATURE TERMINATION: CASE STUDIES OF SRI LANKAN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS,” 2013.
  • M. O. Ahmed et al., “Contractual Guidelines for Promoting Integrated Project Delivery,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 11, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002173.
  • T. Al Khoori and A. H. Pinnington, “A study of factors causing cancellation or postponement of construction projects in the UAE Faculty of Business MSc in Project Management,” 2012.
  • N. B. Siraj, S. M. Asce, A. R. Fayek, P. Eng, and M. Asce, “Risk Identification and Common Risks in Construction: Literature Review and Content Analysis,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 145, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001685.
  • I. Y. S. Chan, M. Leung, and S. S. W. Yu, “Managing the stress of Hong Kong expatriate construction professionals in Mainland China: Focus group study exploring individual coping strategies and organizational support,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 138, no. 10, pp. 1150–1160, Oct. 2012, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000533.
  • T. O. Nyumba, K. Wilson, C. J. Derrick, and N. Mukherjee, “The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation,” Methods Ecol. Evol., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 20–32, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12860.
  • A. R. J. Dainty, M. I. Cheng, and D. R. Moore, “Redefining performance measures for construction project managers: An empirical evaluation,” Constr. Manag. Econ., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 209–218, 2003, doi: 10.1080/0144619032000049737.
  • M. M. Hennink, Focus Group Dicussions: Understanding Qualitative Research. New York: Oxford, 2013.
  • A. Hasan, A. Elmualim, R. Rameezdeen, and A. Marshall, “An exploratory study on the impact of mobile ICT on productivity in construction projects,” Built Environ. Proj. Asset Manag., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 320–332, 2018, doi: 10.1108/BEPAM-10-2017-0080.
  • K. K. Tripathi, A. Hasan, and K. Neeraj Jha, “Evaluating performance of construction organizations using fuzzy preference relation technique,” Int. J. Constr. Manag., pp. 1–14, 2019, doi: 10.1080/15623599.2019.1613210.
  • Laerd Dissertation, “Purposive sampling,” 2023. https://dissertation.laerd.com/purposive-sampling.php#explained.
  • A. Kumar, A. Moktadir, Z. R. Liman, A. Gunasekaran, K. Hegemann, and S. A. Rehman Khan, “Evaluating sustainable drivers for social responsibility in the context of ready-made garments supply chain,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 248, no. April 2013, p. 119231, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119231.
  • C.-T. Chen, “Extensions of the TOPSIS for group decision-making under fuzzy environment,” Fuzzy Sets Syst., vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 1–9, Aug. 2000, doi: 10.1016/S0165-0114(97)00377-1.
  • J. Sofiyabadi, B. Kolahi, and C. Valmohammadi, “Key performance indicators measurement in service business: a fuzzy VIKOR approach,” Total Qual. Manag. Bus. Excell., vol. 27, no. 9–10, pp. 1028–1042, 2016, doi: 10.1080/14783363.2015.1059272.
  • X. Zhang, “Concessionaire’s Financial Capability in Developing Build-Operate-Transfer Type Infrastructure Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 131, no. 10, pp. 1054–1064, 2005.
  • G. K. Koulinas, O. E. Demesouka, P. K. Marhavilas, A. P. Vavatsikos, and D. E. Koulouriotis, “Risk assessment using fuzzy TOPSIS and PRAT for sustainable engineering projects,” Sustain., vol. 11, no. 3, 2019, doi: 10.3390/su11030615.
  • H. M. Alshahrani et al., “Analysis and Ranking of IT Risk Factors Using Fuzzy TOPSIS-Based Approach,” Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 12, 2022, doi: 10.3390/app12125911.
  • E. Sekhavati and R. J. Yengejeh, “Assessment Optimization of Safety and Health Risks Using Fuzzy TOPSIS Technique (Case Study: Construction Sites in the South of Iran),” J. Environ. Heal. Sustain. Dev., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1494–1506, 2021, doi: 10.18502/jehsd.v6i4.8154.
  • S. H. Zyoud, L. G. Kaufmann, H. Shaheen, S. Samhan, and D. Fuchs-Hanusch, “A framework for water loss management in developing countries under fuzzy environment: Integration of Fuzzy AHP with Fuzzy TOPSIS,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 61, pp. 86–105, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2016.05.016.
  • Laerd Statistics, “Mann-Whitney U Test using SPSS Statistics,” 2020. https://statistics.laerd.com/spss-tutorials/mann-whitney-u-test-using-spss-statistics.php (accessed Mar. 09, 2020).
  • K. Koc and A. Pelin Gurgun, “Assessment of Readability Risks in Contracts Causing Conflicts in Construction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 6, pp. 1–13, 2021, doi: 10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002050.
  • A. P. C. Chan, J. F. Y. Yeung, C. C. P. Yu, S. Q. Wang, and Y. Ke, “Empirical Study of Risk Assessment and Allocation of Public-Private Partnership Projects in China,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 136–148, 2011, doi: 10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000049.
  • The World Bank Group, “Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects Database,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://ppi.worldbank.org/explore/ppi_exploreSubSector.aspx?SubSectorID=8.
  • R. C. Marques, “Is Arbitration the Right Way to Settle Conflicts in PPP Arrangements?,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 1, p. 05017007, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000564.
  • IMF, “Fiscal Policy: Taking and giving away,” 2020.
  • A. Aisen and F. J. Veiga, “How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth?,” IMF Work. Pap., vol. 11, no. 12, p. 1, 2011, doi: 10.5089/9781455211906.001.
  • F. Morina, E. Hysa, U. Ergün, M. Panait, and M. C. Voica, “The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Economic Growth: Case of the CEE Countries,” J. Risk Financ. Manag., vol. 13, no. 8, p. 177, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.3390/jrfm13080177.
  • B. Flyvbjerg and A. Budzier, “Why Your IT Project May Be Riskier Than You Think,” Harv. Bus. Rev., 2011.
  • H. P. Tserng and Y. C. Lin, Knowledge Management in the Construction Industry: A Socio-Technical Perspective. Hershey, Pa.: Idea Group Publishing, 2005.
  • C. H. Lau, J. W. Mesthrige, P. T. I. Lam, and A. A. Javed, “The challenges of adopting new engineering contract: a Hong Kong study,” Eng. Constr. Archit. Manag., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 2389–2409, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1108/ECAM-02-2018-0055.
  • K. Koc and A. Pelin Gurgun, “Assessment of Readability Risks in Contracts Causing Conflicts in Construction Projects,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 147, no. 6, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0002050.
  • P. Mackieson, A. Shlonsky, and M. Connolly, “Increasing rigor and reducing bias in qualitative research: A document analysis of parliamentary debates using applied thematic analysis,” Qual. Soc. Work, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 965–980, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1177/1473325018786996.
  • M. R. Hallowell and J. A. Gambatese, “Qualitative Research: Application of the Delphi Method to CEM Research,” J. Constr. Eng. Manag., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 99–107, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000137.
  • H.-C. Liu, M.-Y. Quan, Z. Li, and Z.-L. Wang, “A new integrated MCDM model for sustainable supplier selection under interval-valued intuitionistic uncertain linguistic environment,” Inf. Sci. (Ny)., vol. 486, pp. 254–270, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2019.02.056.
  • K. Rogulj and N. Jajac, “Achieving a Construction Barrier–Free Environment: Decision Support to Policy Selection,” J. Manag. Eng., vol. 34, no. 4, p. 04018020, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000618.
Toplam 102 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Yapı İşletmesi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Fehmi Samet Demirci 0009-0001-6575-495X

Ozan Okudan 0000-0001-7816-2761

Gökhan Demirdöğen 0000-0002-2929-2399

Zeynep Işık 0000-0002-8650-4423

Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ağustos 2025
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Eylül 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: Advanced Online Publication

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirci, F. S., Okudan, O., Demirdöğen, G., Işık, Z. (2025). Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering(Advanced Online Publication). https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1647446
AMA Demirci FS, Okudan O, Demirdöğen G, Işık Z. Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects. tjce. Eylül 2025;(Advanced Online Publication). doi:10.18400/tjce.1647446
Chicago Demirci, Fehmi Samet, Ozan Okudan, Gökhan Demirdöğen, ve Zeynep Işık. “Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering, sy. Advanced Online Publication (Eylül 2025). https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1647446.
EndNote Demirci FS, Okudan O, Demirdöğen G, Işık Z (01 Eylül 2025) Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering Advanced Online Publication
IEEE F. S. Demirci, O. Okudan, G. Demirdöğen, ve Z. Işık, “Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects”, tjce, sy. Advanced Online Publication, Eylül2025, doi: 10.18400/tjce.1647446.
ISNAD Demirci, Fehmi Samet vd. “Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering Advanced Online Publication (Eylül2025). https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1647446.
JAMA Demirci FS, Okudan O, Demirdöğen G, Işık Z. Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects. tjce. 2025. doi:10.18400/tjce.1647446.
MLA Demirci, Fehmi Samet vd. “Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects”. Turkish Journal of Civil Engineering, sy. Advanced Online Publication, 2025, doi:10.18400/tjce.1647446.
Vancouver Demirci FS, Okudan O, Demirdöğen G, Işık Z. Identifying and Assessing Suspension Risks of Public Infrastructure Projects. tjce. 2025(Advanced Online Publication).