Pull-Out Performance Analysis of PBL Joint of Beam-Truss Composite Structure

Öz

This technical note presents a practical numerical evaluation of the pull-out behavior of an embedded multi-plate PBL joint in a steel–concrete composite box girder, using the Hanjiang Bridge on the Xi’an–Shiyan High-Speed Railway as an engineering case. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model was established to investigate the pull-out capacity, stress distribution, and load-transfer characteristics of the joint, with particular emphasis on the effects of steel-plate spacing and transverse reinforcement arrangement. The results indicate that steel-plate spacing influences the load sharing among the perforated steel plates and leads to a nonuniform stress distribution in the transverse reinforcement. The pull-out capacity predicted by the finite element model differs from that obtained using existing empirical formulas developed primarily for single-plate PBL connectors, suggesting that the interaction among multiple steel plates is not explicitly represented in these formulations. However, because the finite element model has not been validated against direct pull-out test data for the investigated joint, the findings should be regarded as case-specific numerical observations rather than generally applicable conclusions. This study provides a practical basis for evaluating the pull-out behavior of similar embedded multi-plate PBL joints and identifies key parameters requiring further experimental verification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beam-truss composite structure
• steel-concrete composite structures
• PBL shear connector
• pull-out of joint

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu çalışma, Liaoning Eyaleti Ulaşım Sektörü, China Railway Construction Corporation Limited Bilimsel Bölümü ve China Railway Construction Bridge Engineering Bureau Group Ltd. tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Proje Numarası

202520, 2024-Q05 ，DQJ-2024-A04

Etik Beyan

Bu çalışma insan katılımcılar veya hayvanları içermemektedir, bu nedenle herhangi bir etik onay gerekmemektedir.

Teşekkür

Yok

Kaynakça

1. Yang K, Gao L, Zheng K, et al. Mechanical behavior of a novel steel-concrete joint for long-span arch bridges-Application to Yachi River Bridge[J]. Engineering Structures, 2022, 265.
2. Tan Y, Zhu B, Qi L, et al. Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mode of Steel-Concrete Connection Joints in a Hybrid Truss Bridge: Experimental Investigation[J]. Materials, 2020, 13(11).
3. Ahmadi M M, Mirghaderi S R, Eghbali N B. Push-Out Behavior of Encased Rigid Shear Connectors in Steel-Concrete Joints[J]. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2022, 47(10): 13537-13557.
4. Leng J, Yang J, Zhang Z, et al. Experimental and numerical investigations on force transfer mechanism of steel-concrete joint in hybrid girder bridges[J]. Structures, 2023, 54: 153-170.
5. Lima J M, Bezerra L M, Bonilla J, et al. Study of the behavior and resistance of right-angle truss shear connector for composite steel concrete beams[J]. Engineering Structures, 2022, 253.
6. Xu X, Cheng R, Yang P, et al. Behavior of T-shaped CFST column and U-shaped steel-concrete composite beam joints[J]. Journal of Building Engineering, 2021, 43.
7. Amadio C, Bedon C, Fasan M, et al. Refined numerical modelling for the structural assessment of steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints under seismic loads[J]. Engineering Structures, 2017, 138: 394-409.
8. Zhang X, Wang H, Lu Q, et al. Fatigue growth behavior of mode II crack in headed stud steel used in steel-concrete composite structures[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2024, 161.

9. Siekierski W. Structural Aspects of Railway Truss Bridges Affecting Transverse Shear Forces in Steel-Concrete Composite Decks[J]. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 2014, 15(4): 113-26.
10. Zhao L, Pu G, Yuan Y, et al. Mechanical behaviour of steel-concrete joint in hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge[J]. Structures, 2023, 57.
11. Tan Y, Zhu B, Yan T, et al. Experimental Study of the Mechanical Behavior of the Steel-Concrete Joints in a Composite Truss Bridge[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 2019, 9(5).
12. Zhang Q, Pei S, Cheng Z, et al. Theoretical and Experimental Studies of the Internal Force Transfer Mechanism of Perfobond Rib Shear Connector Group[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22(2).
13. Zhou Y, Pu Q, Shi Z, et al. Experimental and Numerical Parametric Study of the Mechanical Properties in a Steel-Concrete Joint Section[J]. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 2022, 20(12): 1431-1446.
14. Wang H, Wang W, Wu S. Study on Load-Slip Curve of a PBL Shear Key at a Steel-Concrete Composite Joint[J]. Applied Sciences-Basel, 2023, 13(10).
15. He S, Guan P, Wang Q, et al. Investigation on structural performance of perfobond strip connector group in steel-concrete joints[J]. Engineering Structures, 2021, 242.
16. Zou Y, Zheng K, Zhou J, et al. Mechanical behavior of perfobond connector group in steel-concrete joint of hybrid bridge[J]. Structures, 2021, 30: 925-936.
17. Di J, Zou Y, Zhou X, et al. Push-out test of large perfobond connectors in steel-concrete joints of hybrid bridges[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2018, 150: 415-429.
18. Chen Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, et al. Research on the Prediction Method of Ultimate Bearing Capacity of PBL Based on IAGA-BPNN Algorithm[J]. Ieee Access, 2020, 8: 179141-179155.
19. Zhang Q, Jia D, Bao Y, et al. Analytical Study on Internal Force Transfer of Perfobond Rib Shear Connector Group Using a Nonlinear Spring Model[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2017, 22(10).
20. Zhan Y, Yin C, Liu F, et al. Pushout Tests on Headed Studs and PBL Shear Connectors Considering External Pressure[J]. Journal of Bridge Engineering, 2020, 25(1).
21. Deng W, Xiong Y, Liu D, et al. Static and fatigue behavior of shear connectors for a steel-concrete composite girder[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2019, 159: 134-146.
22. Wang Z, Qin H, Yang Y, et al. Push-Out Test and Hysteretic Performance Study of Semi-Rigid Shear Keys with the Triple-Folded Web of Flange[J]. Buildings, 2022, 12(7).
23. Ahn J-H, Lee C-G, Won J-H, et al. Shear resistance of the perfobond-rib shear connector depending on concrete strength and rib arrangement[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2010, 66(10): 1295-1307.
24. China M O H a U-R D O. Code for design of steel-concrete composite bridges : GB50917-2013[M]. Code for design of steel-concrete composite bridges : GB50917-2013.