Intensity Characteristics of Seismograms Recorded During the February 6, 2023, M7.8 Türkiye Kahramanmaraş Pazarcik Earthquake

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 2

Kemal Önder Çetin , Alaa Elsaid , Arda Ozacar

https://doi.org/10.18400/tjce.1348206

Öz

The strong ground motion intensity levels recorded during the February 6, 2023, Türkiye-Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık earthquake (M7.8) were compared with the ones predicted by the four ground motion models of 2014 NGA WEST-2 Ground Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs), and by the Turkish earthquake design code (TEC, 2018). These comparisons revealed that Adana, Malatya, and Gaziantep cities were shaken by PGA levels less intense than the ones predicted by GMPEs. Contrary to these cities, ordered from the highest to lowest positive residuals, Şanlıurfa, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, and Elazığ cities were shaken by higher levels of PGA than those predicted by the GMPEs. The TEC DD-1 and DD-2 seismic scenario PGA levels were exceeded at 5 and 22 out of 71 stations, respectively. The residuals for the stations on the Anatolian plate side exhibited a more correlated residual trend with the recorded PGA levels. The stations of exceeded seismic PGA demands are site class ZC or softer. PGA levels for DD-1 were exceeded at stations in the city of Hatay. The highest positive residual is also estimated for the Defne-Hatay station #3135, where the most structural damage was concentrated. The spectral acceleration residuals were also assessed. The spectral acceleration levels in all period ranges were higher than those predicted by Abrahamson, Silva and Kamai (2014), Campbell and Bozorgnia (2014) GMPE models. For spectral periods longer than 0.06 and 0.3 seconds, respectively, Chiou and Youngs (2014), and Boore, Stewart, Seyhan and Atkinson (2014) medial predictions were exceeded. Additionally, the structures with spectral periods of 0.7 seconds and longer were estimated to be subjected to approximately 20 to 30 % higher seismic demands, as defined by TEC for DD-2 design basis scenario. This is listed as one of the factors among many, contributing to the concentrated damage observed in residential buildings with number of stories higher than 5 to 7.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Intensity, GMPEs, Turkish Earthquake code, Kahramanmaraş earthquake, Pazarcık earthquake

Proje Numarası

1002-C

Kaynakça

• Abrahamson, N., and W. Silva (2008). Summary of the Abrahamson & Silva NGA Ground-Motion Relations, Earthquake Spectra 24, no. 1, 67–97, doi: 10.1193/1.2924360.
• AFAD - TADAS (n.d.): <https://tadas.afad.gov.tr>.
• Ambraseys, N. N. (1989). Temporary seismic quiescence: SE Turkey, Geophysical Journal International 96, no. 2, 311–331, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246x.1989.tb04453.x.
• Avcil, F. et al. (2023) Effects of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake on structures in Kahramanmaraş City’, Natural Hazards, 120(3), pp. 2953–2991. doi:10.1007/s11069-023-06314-1.
• Campbell, K. W., and Y. Bozorgnia (2023). Ground-motion model for the standardized version of cumulative absolute velocity, Earthquake Spectra 39, no. 1, 634–652, doi: 10.1177/87552930221144063.
• Chiou, B. S.-J., and R. R. Youngs (2014). Update of the Chiou and Youngs NGA Model for the Average Horizontal Component of Peak Ground Motion and Response Spectra, Earthquake Spectra 30, no. 3, 1117–1153, doi: 10.1193/072813eqs219m.
• Chiou, B., R. Darragh, N. Gregor, and W. Silva (2008). NGA Project Strong-Motion Database, Earthquake Spectra 24, no. 1, 23–44, doi: 10.1193/1.2894831.
• Çetin, K. Ö., M. Ilgaç , and E. Çakır (2023a). Preliminary Reconnaissance Report on February 6, 2023, Pazarcık Mw=7.7 and Elbistan Mw=7.6, Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye Earthquakes, METU/EERC 2023-01. doi: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32975.97446, Middle East Technical University Earthquake Engineering Research Center (METU EERC).
• Çetin, K. Ö., J. Bray , A. Frost , E. Miranda , R. Moss , and J. Stewart (2023b). February 6, 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes: Report on Geoscience and Engineering Impacts, https://10.18118/G6PM34, GEER Association Report 082.
• Çetin, K. Ö., and M. Ilgaç (2023). Reconnaissance Report on February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık (Mw=7.7) and Elbistan (Mw=7.6) Earthquakes, 10.13140/RG.2.2.15569.61283/1., Türkiye Earthquake Reconnaissance and Research Alliance, Türkiye.
• Duman, T. Y., and Ö. Emre (2013). The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics, Geological Society, London, Special Publications 372, no. 1, 495–529, doi: 10.1144/sp372.14.
• Kwiatek, G., P. Martínez-Garzón, D. Becker, G. Dresen, F. Cotton, G. Beroza, D. Acarel, S. Ergintav, and M. Bohnhoff (2023). Months-long preparation of the 2023 MW 7.8 kahramanmaraş earthquake, Türkiye, Research Square preprint , doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2657873/v1.
• Massa, M., Pacor, F., Luzi, L., Bindi, D., Milana, G., Sabetta, F., Gorini, A., & Marcucci, S. (2010). The Italian Accelerometric Archive (ITACA): processing of strong-motion data. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 8, 1175–1187. DOI: 10.1007/s10518-009-9152-3
• McClusky, S., S. Balassanian, A. Barka, C. Demir, S. Ergintav, I. Georgiev, O. Gurkan, M. Hamburger, K. Hurst, H. Kahle, et al. (2000). Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus, Journal of Geophysical Research 105, no. B3, 5695–5719, doi: 10.1029/1996jb900351.
• Melgar, D., T. Taymaz, A. Ganas, B. Crowell, T. Öcalan, M. Kahraman, V. Tsironi, S. Yolsal-Çevikbil, S. Valkaniotis, T. S. Irmak, et al. (2023). Sub- and super-shear ruptures during the 2023 Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.6 earthquake doublet in SE Türkiye, Seismica 2, no. 3, doi: 10.26443/seismica.v2i3.387.
• Luzi, L., Puglia, R., Russo, E., D'Amico, M., Felicetta, C., Pacor, F., Lanzano, G., Çeken, U., Clinton, J., Costa, G., Duni, L., Farzanegan, E., Gueguen, P., Ionescu, C., Kalogeras, I., Özener, H., Pesaresi, D., Sleeman, R., Strollo, A., & Zare, M. (2016). The Engineering Strong-Motion Database: A Platform to Access Pan-European Accelerometric Data. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering.
• Okay, H. B., & Özacar, A. A. (2023). A Novel VS30 Prediction Strategy Taking Fluid Saturation into Account and a New VS30 Model of Türkiye. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 114(2), 1048–1065. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120230032
• Okuwaki, R., Y. Yagi, T. Taymaz, and S. P. Hicks (2023). Multi‐Scale Rupture Growth With Alternating Directions in a Complex Fault Network During the 2023 South‐Eastern Türkiye and Syria Earthquake Doublet, Geophysical Research Letters 50, no. 12, doi: 10.1029/2023gl103480.
• Pacor, F., Paolucci, R., Luzi, L., Sabetta, F., Spinelli, A., Gorini, A., Nicoletti, M., Marcucci, S., Filippi, L., & Dolce, M. (2011). Overview of the Italian strong motion database ITACA 1.0. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 9, 1723–1739. DOI: 10.1007/s10518-011-9327-6
• Petersen, G. M., P. Büyükakpinar, F. O. Vera Sanhueza, M. Metz, S. Cesca, K. Akbayram, J. Saul, and T. Dahm (2023). The 2023 Southeast Türkiye Seismic Sequence: Rupture of a Complex Fault Network, The Seismic Record 3, no. 2, 134–143, doi: 10.1785/0320230008.
• Picozzi, M., and A. Iaccarino (n.d.). The preparatory process of the 2023 MW 7.8 Turkey earthquake, preprint, doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2619572/v1.
• Avcil, F. et al. (2023) Effects of the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş earthquake on structures in Kahramanmaraş City, Natural Hazards, 120(3), pp. 2953–2991. doi:10.1007/s11069-023-06314-1.
• Somerville, P. G., N. F. Smith, R. W. Graves, and N. A. Abrahamson (1997). Modification of Empirical Strong Ground Motion Attenuation Relations to Include the Amplitude and Duration Effects of Rupture Directivity, Seismological Research Letters 68, no. 1, 199–222, doi: 10.1785/gssrl.68.1.199.
• Turkish Building Earthquake Code (2018), T.C. Resmi Gazete. , Ankara, Türkiye.
• Wang, D., J. Mori, and K. Koketsu (2016). Fast rupture propagation for large strike-slip earthquakes, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 440, 115–126, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.022.
• Zahradník, J., F. Turhan, E. Sokos, and F. Gallovič (2023). Asperitylike (segmented) structure of the 6 February 2023 Turkish earthquakes, preprint, doi: 10.31223/x5t666.