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ROLE OF TURKISH EXPORTERS’ ASSOCIATIONS IN TOTAL EXPORT OF TURKEY

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 1 - 22, 01.02.2018

Öz

While the importance of international trade in the modern world economy is increasing day by day, the change and development process, starting especially in the 2000s, has enabled not only the companies but also the states to develop new strategies in reaching their long term export targets. While the states turn towards many areas such as production of value added products and signing of bilateral free trade agreements to increase their export potential, Exporters’ Associations established with the intention of developing international trade have gained a great importance in recent years. While there are many studies made specifically on the impact of export promotion institutions in the world literature, a similar work has not been done in Turkey. It is aimed to fill this gap in the literature with this study, and hence the structure and mechanism of Exporters Unions have been examined and also the Turkish steel industry is scrutinized in order to investigate its role in the total exports of Turkey. The period before and after 2005 is examined, which is the year of foundation of Steel Exporters Association, and its activities between 2005 and 2017 and its role in total exports of Turkey are observed

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez, R. (2004). Sources of export success in small-and medium-sized enterprises: the impact of public programs. International Business Review, 13(3), 383-400.
  • Boston Consulting Group. (n.d.). Export Development and Promotion: Lessons from Four Benchmark Countries, p. 45 – 56
  • Bolkeat, M. (2003). Managing trade associations. London: Trade Association Forum.
  • Czinkota, M. (2002). National export promotion: A statement of issues, changes, and opportunities. Emerging issues in international business research, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (UK).
  • CIB. (2018). Statistics. Turkey’s Export by Industry – 2017. Turkish Steel Exporter’s Association. Retrieved from http://www.cib.org.tr/en/statistics.html De Wulf, L. (2001). Why have trade promotion organizations failed, and how can they be revitalized?.
  • Desai, M. A., & Hines Jr, J. R. (2001). Exchange rates and tax-based export promotion (No. w8121). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Djankov, S., Freund, C., and. Pham, C. S. (2006). Trading on TİMe. World Bank, p.33- 45
  • Hausmann, R., & Rodrik, D. (2003). Economic development as self-discovery. Journal of development Economics, 72(2), 603-633.
  • Heckman, J. (1979). Sample Selection as Specification Error. Econometrica, p. 53-161. Helleiner, G. K. (Ed.). (2002). Non-traditional export promotion in Africa: Experience and issues. Palgrave.
  • Hiller, S. (2012, June). Do private export associations promote exports? Evidence from Denmark. In ISGEP Workshop.
  • Gil, S., Llorca, R., & Serrano, J. A. M. (2008). Measuring the impact of regional export promotion: The Spanish case. Papers in Regional Science, 87(1), 139- 146.
  • Jordana, J., Volpe Martincus, C., & Gallo, A. (2009). Latin American and Caribbean Exporters’ Associations: An institutional characterization. IDB, forthcoming.
  • Lederman, D., Olarreaga, M., & Payton, L. (2006). Export promotion agencies: What works and what doesn't. Macario, C. (2000). Chile: In search of a new export drive. En: Export growth in Latin America: policies and performance-Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers/ECLAC, 2000-p. 49-72.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2008). Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports. Journal of International Economics, 76(1), 89-106.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2010). Beyond the average effects: The distributional impacts of export promotion programs in developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 201-214.
  • Martincus, C. V., Estevadeordal, A., Gallo, A., & Luna, J. (2010). Information barriers, export promotion institutions, and the extensive margin of trade. Review of World Economics, 146(1), 91-111.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2010). Entering new country and product markets: does export promotion help?. Review of World Economics, 146(3), 437- 467.
  • Martincus, C. V., Carballo, J., & Gallo, A. (2011). The impact of export promotion institutions on trade: is it the intensive or the extensive margin?. Applied Economics Letters, 18(2), 127-132.
  • Moreira, M. M. (2006). Chile's integration strategy: is there room for improvement? (Working Paper ITD= Documento de Trabajo ITD; n. 21) (Vol. 21). BID-INTAL.
  • Nathan Associates Inc. Expro Project. (2004). Best Practices in Export Promotion, PCE-I-00- 98-00016, Task Order 833
  • Puhani, P. (2000). The Heckman correction for sample selection and its critique. Journal of economic surveys, 14(1), 53-68.
  • Rendtel, U. (1992). On the choice of a selection-model when estimating regression models with selectivity (No. 53). DIW Discussion Papers Rose, A. K. (2007). The foreign service and foreign trade: embassies as export promotion. The World Economy, 30(1), 22-38.
  • Volpe Martincus, C., & Carballo, J. (2010). Export promotion: bundled services work better. The World Economy, 33(12), 1718-1756.
  • Wagner, J. (2001). A note on the firm size–export relationship. Small business economics, 17(4), 229-237.
  • Wilkinson, T. J., & Brouthers, L. E. (2000). Trade shows, trade missions and state governments: Increasing FDI and high-tech exports. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(4), 725-734.
  • WTO. (2017). Annual Report 2017. World Trade Organization. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/anrep17_e.pdf

TÜRK İHRACATÇI BİRLİKLERİNİN TÜRKİYE TOPLAM İHRACATINDAKİ ROLÜ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 1 - 22, 01.02.2018

Öz

Modern dünya ekonomisinde uluslararası ticaretin önemi her geçen gün artarken özellikle 2000’li yıllarda başlayan değişim ve gelişim süreci sadece firmaların değil devletlerinde uzun vadeli ihracat hedeflerine ulaşmalarında yeni stratejiler geliştirmelerine imkân sağlamıştır. Devletler ihracat potansiyellerini artırmada katma değerli ürün üretimi, ikili serbest ticaret antlaşmalarının imzalanması gibi birçok konuya yönelirken, uluslararası ticaretin geliştirilmesi amacıyla ihracatı geliştirme ajansları son yıllarda büyük önem kazanmıştır. Dünya literatüründe ihracatı destekleme kurumlarının etkileri özelinde birçok çalışma yapılmışken, Türkiye’de benzer bir çalışmaya yer verilmemiştir. Bu çalışma ile literatürde yer alan bu boşluk doldurulmak istenip İhracatçı Birliklerinin yapısı ve işleyişi incelenmiş ve Türkiye toplam ihracatındaki rolünün araştırılması amacıyla da Türk Çelik sektörü mercek altına alınmıştır. Çelik İhracatçıları Birliğinin kurulduğu yıl olan 2005 yılı öncesi ve sonrasındaki dönem incelenmiş ve birliğin 2005-2017 yılları arasında yaptığı faaliyetler ile Türkiye toplam ihracatındaki rolü gözlemlenmiştir

Kaynakça

  • Alvarez, R. (2004). Sources of export success in small-and medium-sized enterprises: the impact of public programs. International Business Review, 13(3), 383-400.
  • Boston Consulting Group. (n.d.). Export Development and Promotion: Lessons from Four Benchmark Countries, p. 45 – 56
  • Bolkeat, M. (2003). Managing trade associations. London: Trade Association Forum.
  • Czinkota, M. (2002). National export promotion: A statement of issues, changes, and opportunities. Emerging issues in international business research, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham (UK).
  • CIB. (2018). Statistics. Turkey’s Export by Industry – 2017. Turkish Steel Exporter’s Association. Retrieved from http://www.cib.org.tr/en/statistics.html De Wulf, L. (2001). Why have trade promotion organizations failed, and how can they be revitalized?.
  • Desai, M. A., & Hines Jr, J. R. (2001). Exchange rates and tax-based export promotion (No. w8121). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Djankov, S., Freund, C., and. Pham, C. S. (2006). Trading on TİMe. World Bank, p.33- 45
  • Hausmann, R., & Rodrik, D. (2003). Economic development as self-discovery. Journal of development Economics, 72(2), 603-633.
  • Heckman, J. (1979). Sample Selection as Specification Error. Econometrica, p. 53-161. Helleiner, G. K. (Ed.). (2002). Non-traditional export promotion in Africa: Experience and issues. Palgrave.
  • Hiller, S. (2012, June). Do private export associations promote exports? Evidence from Denmark. In ISGEP Workshop.
  • Gil, S., Llorca, R., & Serrano, J. A. M. (2008). Measuring the impact of regional export promotion: The Spanish case. Papers in Regional Science, 87(1), 139- 146.
  • Jordana, J., Volpe Martincus, C., & Gallo, A. (2009). Latin American and Caribbean Exporters’ Associations: An institutional characterization. IDB, forthcoming.
  • Lederman, D., Olarreaga, M., & Payton, L. (2006). Export promotion agencies: What works and what doesn't. Macario, C. (2000). Chile: In search of a new export drive. En: Export growth in Latin America: policies and performance-Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers/ECLAC, 2000-p. 49-72.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2008). Is export promotion effective in developing countries? Firm-level evidence on the intensive and the extensive margins of exports. Journal of International Economics, 76(1), 89-106.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2010). Beyond the average effects: The distributional impacts of export promotion programs in developing countries. Journal of Development Economics, 92(2), 201-214.
  • Martincus, C. V., Estevadeordal, A., Gallo, A., & Luna, J. (2010). Information barriers, export promotion institutions, and the extensive margin of trade. Review of World Economics, 146(1), 91-111.
  • Martincus, C. V., & Carballo, J. (2010). Entering new country and product markets: does export promotion help?. Review of World Economics, 146(3), 437- 467.
  • Martincus, C. V., Carballo, J., & Gallo, A. (2011). The impact of export promotion institutions on trade: is it the intensive or the extensive margin?. Applied Economics Letters, 18(2), 127-132.
  • Moreira, M. M. (2006). Chile's integration strategy: is there room for improvement? (Working Paper ITD= Documento de Trabajo ITD; n. 21) (Vol. 21). BID-INTAL.
  • Nathan Associates Inc. Expro Project. (2004). Best Practices in Export Promotion, PCE-I-00- 98-00016, Task Order 833
  • Puhani, P. (2000). The Heckman correction for sample selection and its critique. Journal of economic surveys, 14(1), 53-68.
  • Rendtel, U. (1992). On the choice of a selection-model when estimating regression models with selectivity (No. 53). DIW Discussion Papers Rose, A. K. (2007). The foreign service and foreign trade: embassies as export promotion. The World Economy, 30(1), 22-38.
  • Volpe Martincus, C., & Carballo, J. (2010). Export promotion: bundled services work better. The World Economy, 33(12), 1718-1756.
  • Wagner, J. (2001). A note on the firm size–export relationship. Small business economics, 17(4), 229-237.
  • Wilkinson, T. J., & Brouthers, L. E. (2000). Trade shows, trade missions and state governments: Increasing FDI and high-tech exports. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(4), 725-734.
  • WTO. (2017). Annual Report 2017. World Trade Organization. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/booksp_e/anrep_e/anrep17_e.pdf
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Abdulsamet Damar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Damar, A. (2018). ROLE OF TURKISH EXPORTERS’ ASSOCIATIONS IN TOTAL EXPORT OF TURKEY. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Girişimcilik Dergisi, 2(3), 1-22.