Uzun Ömür Üzerine Güncel Yaklaşımlar: Sirkadiyen Ritim ve Diyet Müdahaleleri

Öz

İnsan ömrünün doğal bir süreci olan yaşlanma, zamanla fizyolojik, mental ve işlevsel kapasitede azalma olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Son yıllarda yaşam süresi beklentisinin artması ile birlikte sağlıklı yaşlanma süreci önem kazanmıştır. Bireyin ‘ileri yaşta refah içinde yaşaması için gerekli olan işlevsel yeteneği sürdürme ve geliştirme süreci’ olarak tanımlanan sağlıklı yaşlanma, başta beslenme şekli olmak üzere çeşitli yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ile desteklenebilmektedir. Uzun ömür ve sağlıklı yaşlanma üzerinde olumlu etki sağlayacak diyet müdahaleleri sirkadiyen ritim ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Sirkadiyen ritim, canlıların 24 saatlik döngü halinde tekrarlayan yaşamsal faaliyetlerini ifade etmektedir. Diyet müdahaleleri ve sirkadiyen ritmin etkileşimiyle ortaya çıkan krono-beslenme kavramı uzun ömre katkı sağlayacak yaklaşımları kapsamaktadır. Besin alımının zamanını ve miktarını düzenleyen diyet kısıtlamaları metabolik sağlığı iyileştirmede rol oynayarak yaşam süresini uzatabilmektedir. Diyet kısıtlamaları, insülin/insülin benzeri sinyalleşme ve rapamisinin mekanik hedefi (mTOR) yolakları gibi çeşitli mekanizmalarla uzun ömre katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede sirkadiyen ritim ve diyet müdahalelerinin uzun ömür üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sirkadiyen ritim
• uzun ömür
• diyet kısıtlaması
• kalori kısıtlaması
• sağlıklı yaşlanma

Current Approaches to Longevity: Circadian Rhythm and Dietary Interventions

Öz

Aging, which is a natural process of human life, is defined as a decrease in physiological, mental and functional capacity over time. In recent years, the healthy aging process has become important with the increase in life expectancy. Healthy aging, which is defined as 'the process of maintaining and developing the functional ability necessary for an individual to live in prosperity in old age', can be supported by various lifestyle changes, especially the diet. Dietary interventions that will have a positive effect on longevity and healthy aging are associated with the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm refers to the repetitive vital activities of living things in a 24-hour cycle. The concept of chrono-nutrition, which emerged with the interaction of dietary interventions and circadian rhythm, includes approaches that will contribute to longevity. Dietary restrictions that regulate the time and amount of food intake can prolong life by playing a role in improving metabolic health. Dietary restrictions contribute to longevity through various mechanisms such as insulin/insulin-like signaling and rapamycin mechanical target (mTOR) pathways. In this review, the effects of circadian rhythm and dietary interventions on longevity were examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• circadian rhytm
• longevity
• dietary restriction
• calorie restriction
• healthy aging

Kaynakça

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