OTİZM SPEKTRUM BOZUKLUĞUNDA ALTERNATİF VE DESTEKLEYİCİ İLETİŞİM SİSTEMLERİ

Öz

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB) sosyal etkileşimdeki eksiklikler ve sınırlı, tekrarlayıcı hareketler ile karakterize nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. OSB tanılı çocuklarda dil ve iletişim bozuklukları; konuşmada gecikme ya da konuşmanın hiç ortaya çıkmamasından, sözcük ve cümleler kuran çocukların dilin işlevsel kullanımında sorunlar yaşamalarına kadar geniş bir dağılımda görülebilmektedir. Alternatif ve Destekleyici İletişim Sistemleri (ADİS) ise dil ve konuşma bozukluklarında destekleyici ya da telafi edici rol oynayan bir uygulama alanıdır. Dil ve konuşma becerilerinde problem yaşayan bütün bireyler ADİS kullanıcısı olabilmektedir. OSB tanılı çocuklar dil ve konuşma bozukluklarının yönetiminde ADİS kullanımı için adaylardır. Bu derleme makalesinde OSB ile ADİS detaylı bir şekilde anlatılmış olup; OSB’ de kullanılan bazı güncel ADİS müdahaleleri incelenmiştir. Düzeyinden bağımsız olarak birçok OSB tanılı bireyin, dil ve konuşmadan okur-yazarlığa kadar farklı bağlamlarda ADİS müdahalelerinden fayda gördüğü tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• alternatif ve destekleyici iletişim sistemleri
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• dil ve konuşma terapisi

AUGMENTATIVE AND ALTERNATIVE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Öz

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction and restricted, repetitive movements. Language and communication disorders in children diagnosed with ASD can be seen in a wide range of disorders, from delayed or absent speech to problems in the functional use of language in children who form words and sentences. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems are an application area that play a supportive or compensatory role in speech and language disorders. All individuals who have problems with speech and language skills can be AAC system users. Children diagnosed with ASD are candidates for using AAC in the management of speech and language disorders. In this review article, ASD and AAC systems are described in detail, and some current AAC interventions used in ASD are examined. It was found that many individuals diagnosed with ASD, regardless of their level, benefited from the AAC systems interventions in different contexts ranging from speech and language to literacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Augmentative and Alternative Communication
• Autism Spectrum Disorder
• speech and language therapy

Kaynakça

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