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Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 6 - 10, 10.09.2020

Öz



Giriş: Büyük azı-keser diş
hipomineralizasyonu (BAKH), etkilenmiş dişin mine tabakasında inorganik içerik
ve mineralizasyon yetersizliğine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan kalitatif bir defekt
olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Farklı boyuttaki opasite ve gözenekler ile karakterize
olup rengi beyazdan sarımsı kahverengiye değişebilmektedir. BAKH defektli
hastaların çoğunda, diş sürmesinden kısa süre sonra, dişlerde madde kayıpları,
plak birikimi, çürük oluşumunun başladığı ve hızlı ilerlediği görülmektedir.
Hastalar için estetik ve hassasiyet sorunlarına yol açmasının yanı sıra, diş
hekimleri için tedavi zorluklarını beraberinde getirmektedir. Dolayısıyla; BAKH
etiyolojisinin bilinmesi, oluşumunun engellenmesi açısından önemlidir.



Amaç: BAKH defekti ile
ilişkili etiyolojik faktörleri ortaya koyarak farkındalık yaratmak ve
alınabilecek tedbirleri belirlemektir.



Yöntem: Bir ve/veya daha fazla
sayıda daimi birinci büyük azı dişi içeren, daimi keser dişleri de
etkileyebilen BAKH defekti için olası etiyolojik faktörler ile ilgili literatür
araştırması yapıldı.



Bulgular: BAKH etiyolojisi
hakkında mevcut bilgiler sınırlıdır. Etiyolojik faktörleri belirlemeye yönelik
gözlemsel çalışmalar yapılmış, prenatal/perinatal/postnatal dönemlerde görülen
hastalıklar söz konusu olsa da postnatal dönemde ortaya çıkan hastalıkların
daha fazla etkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. 
Literatürde; sistemik hastalıklar ve ilaç kullanımı, beslenme
bozuklukları, erken doğum ve düşük doğum ağırlığı, uzun süreli emzirme ve
dioksinler, bisfenol A (BPA) gibi faktörler BAKH ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Solunum sistemi hastalıklarının, bazı antibiyotiklerin, kalsiyum eksikliğinin
ve
bebeklerin temas
halinde olduğu materyallerde bulunan BPA’nın etkisi özellikle vurgulanmıştır. Bazı çalışmalarda, genetik faktörlerin rol oynadığı da
belirtilmiştir.



Sonuç: BAKH defektinin kesin etiyolojik
faktörlerini belirlemek için daha fazla çalışma yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu
çalışmalarda; prenatal/perinatal/postnatal dönemlerde meydana gelen sistemik
hastalıklar, uygulanan tedaviler, beslenme bozuklukları, maruz kalınan kimyasal
ajanlar, genetik faktörler ve olası diğer durumlar ayrıntılı olarak ele
alınmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejare I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4:110-113.
  • 2. Steffen R, Van Waes H. Therapy of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation under difficult circumstances. A concept for therapy. Quintessenz 2011;62:1613-1623.
  • 3. Elfrink ME, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, Weerheijm KL. Standardised studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM): a need. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16:247-255.
  • 4. Ghanim A, Silva MJ, Elfrink MEC, Lygidakis NA, Marino RJ, Weerheijm KL, Manton DJ. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (BAKH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017;18:225-242.
  • 5. Hubbard MJ. Molar hypomineralization: What is the US experience? J Am Dent Assoc 2018;149:329-330.
  • 6. Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): clinical presentation, aetiology and management. Dent Update 2004;31:9-12.
  • 7. Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009;19:73-83.
  • 8. Jeremias F, Koruyucu M, Kuchler EC, Bayram M, Tuna EB, Deeley K, Pierri RA, Souza JF, Fragelli CMB, Paschoal MAB, Gencay K, Seymen F, Caminaga RMS, Santos-Pinto L, Vieira AR. Genes expressed in dental enamel development are associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2013;58:1434-1442.
  • 9. Teixeira RJ, Andrade NS, Queiroz LC, Mendes FM, Moura MS, Moura LFAD, Lima MDM. Exploring the association between genetic and environmental factors and molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from a twin study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:198-206.
  • 10. Hall RK. The prevalence of developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) in a paediatric hospital department of dentistry population (part I). Adv Dent Res 1989;3:114-119.
  • 11. Martinez A, Cubillos P, Jimenez M, Brethauer U, Catalan P, Gonzalez U. Prevalence of developmental enamel defects in mentally retarded children. J Dent Child 2002;69:151-155.
  • 12. Jalevik B, Noren JG, Klingberg B, Barregard L. Etiologic factors influencing the prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children. Eur J Oral Sci 2001;109:230-234.
  • 13. Beentjes E, Weerheijm KL, Groen HJ. Factors involving in the aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J Paediatr Dent 2002;3:9-13.
  • 14. Gurgolette RP, Dezan CC, Frossard WT, Ferreira FB, Cerci Neto A, Fernandes K.B. Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma. J Bras Pneumol 2009;35:295-300.
  • 15. Whatling R, Fearne JM. Molar incisor hypomineralization: a study of aetiological factors in a group of UK children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008;18:155-162.
  • 16. Laisi S, Ess A, Sahlberg C, Arvio P, Lukinmaa PL, Alaluusua S. Amoxicillin may cause molar incisor hypomineralisation. J Dent Res 2009;88:132-136.
  • 17. Kühnisch J, Mach D, Thiering E, Brockow I, Hoffma U, Neumann C, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Bauer CP, Berdel D, von Berg A, Koletzko S, Garcia-Godoy F, Hickel R, Heinrich J;GINI Plus 10 Study Group. Respiratory diseases are associated with molar incisor hypomineralizations. Swiss Dent J 2014;124:286-293.
  • 18. Aine L, Backström MC, Maki R, Kuusela AL, Koivisto AM, Ikonen RS, Maki M. Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely. J Oral Pathol Med 2000;29:403-409.
  • 19. Aguirre JM, Rodriguez R, Oribe D, Vitoria JC. Dental enamel defects in Celiac patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 1997;84:646-650.
  • 20. Brogardh-Roth S, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10-to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm. Eur J Oral Sci 2011;119:33-39.
  • 21. Pitiphat W, Luangchaichaweng S, Pungchanchaikul P, Angwaravong O, Chansamak N. Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in Thai children. Eur J Oral Sci 2014;122:265-270.
  • 22. Gurrusquieta BJ, Nunez VM, Lopez ML. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in Mexican children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;41:18-21.
  • 23. Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa PL, Koskimies M, Pirinen S, Höltta P, Kallio M, Holttinen T, Salmenpera L. Developmental dental defects associated with long breast feeding. Eur J Oral Sci 1996;104:493-497.
  • 24. Laisi S, Kiviranta H, Lukinmaa PL, Vartiainen T, Alaluusua S. Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation and Dioxins: New Findings. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:224-227.
  • 25. Fagrell T. Molar incisor hypomineralization. Morphological and chemical aspects, onset and possible etiological factors. Swed Dent J 2011;5:11-83.
  • 26. Robinson C, Kirkham J, Brookes SJ, Bonass WA, Shore RC. The chemistry of enamel development. Int J Dev Biol 1995;39:145-152.
  • 27. Tharp AP, Maffini MV, Hunt PA, Vande Voort CA, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Bisphenol A alters the development of the rhesus monkey mammary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:8190-8195.
  • 28. Nadal A. Obesity: Fat from plastics? Linking bisphenol A exposure and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013;9:9-10.
  • 29. Pottenger LH, Domoradzki JY, Markham DA, Hansen SC, Cagen SZ, Waechter JM. The relative bioavailability and metabolism of Bisphenol A in rats is dependent upon the route of administration. Toxicol Sci 2000;54:3-18.
  • 30. Berdal A, Hotton D, Pike JW, Mathieu H, Dupret JM. Cell-and stage-specific expression of vitamin D receptor and calbindin genes in rat incisor: regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Dev Biol 1993;155:172-179.
  • 31. Ferrer VL, Maeda T, Kawano Y. Characteristic distribution of immunoreaction for estrogen receptor alpha in ratameloblasts. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2005;284:529-536.
  • 32. Hunt PA, Lawson C, Gieske M, Murdoch B, Smith H, Marre A, Hassold T, Vande Voort CA. Bisphenol A alters early oogenesis and follicle formation in the fetal ovary of the rhesus monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;109:17525-17530.
  • 33. Söderholm KJ, Mariotti A. BIS-GMA--based resins in dentistry: are they safe? J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:201-209.
  • 34. Cramer NB, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Recent advances and developments in composite dental restorative materials. J Dent Res 2011;90:402-416.
  • 35. Simmer JP, Hu JC. Dental enamel formation and its impact on clinical dentistry. J Dent Educ 2001;65:896-905.
  • 36. Bakrania P, Efthymiou M, Klein JC, Salt A, Bunyan DJ, Wyatt A, Ponting CP, Martin, A, Williams S, Lindley V, Gilmore J, Restori M, Robson AG, Neveu MM, Holder GE, Collin JR, Robinson DO, Farndon P, Johansen-Berg H, Gerrelli D, Ragge NK. Mutations in BMP4 cause eye, brain, and digit developmental anomalies: overlap between the BMP4 and hedgehog signaling pathways. Am J Hum Genet 2008;82:304-319.
  • 37. Kühnisch J, Thiering E, Heitmüller D, Tiesler CM, Grallert H, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Hickel R, Heinrich J; GINI-10 Plus Study Group; LISA-10 Plus Study Group. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Clin Oral Investig 2014;18:677-682.

MOLAR-INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION: WHY DOES IT OCCUR? / WHAT TO DO?

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 6 - 10, 10.09.2020

Öz



Introduction: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is defined as a qualitative
defect resulting from the decrease in inorganic content and lack of
mineralization in enamel layer of affected tooth. Its characterization is presence
of opacities/pores of varying sizes from white to yellowish brown in color. Loss
of tooth substance, plaque accumulation, caries formation started and progressed
rapidly short after tooth eruption in majority of patients with MIH. Additionally
to esthetics and sensitivity problems in patients, it presents treatment
challenges for dentists. Therefore, understanding its etiology is important to
prevent.



Aim: This study aims to raise awareness of etiologic
factors related to MIH and to determine necessary measures for prevention.



Method: We performed a literature review of potential
etiologic factors of MIH, which involve one or more permanent first molars, and
may also affect permanent incisors.



Results: Limited information is available
regarding etiology of MIH. Observational studies have been conducted to
determine etiological factors, and diseases occurring postnatally are found more
effective considering prenatal/perinatal/postnatal periods. Various factors
such as systemic diseases, drug use, malnutrition, preterm birth, low birth
weight, long-term lactation, dioxins, and bisphenol A (BPA) have been
associated with MIH. Respiratory tract diseases, certain antibiotics, calcium
deficiency, and BPA in materials in contact with infants have been particularly
emphasized. Genetic factors are also reported by some studies.



Conclusion: Further studies are required
to determine clear-cut etiologic factors for MIH. Systemic diseases, applied
treatments, malnutrition, chemical agents, genetic factors, and other possible conditions
occurring during prenatal/perinatal/postnatal periods should be discussed in
detail.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejare I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch G, Martens LC, Hallonsten AL. Judgement criteria for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2003;4:110-113.
  • 2. Steffen R, Van Waes H. Therapy of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation under difficult circumstances. A concept for therapy. Quintessenz 2011;62:1613-1623.
  • 3. Elfrink ME, Ghanim A, Manton DJ, Weerheijm KL. Standardised studies on Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and Hypomineralised Second Primary Molars (HSPM): a need. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16:247-255.
  • 4. Ghanim A, Silva MJ, Elfrink MEC, Lygidakis NA, Marino RJ, Weerheijm KL, Manton DJ. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (BAKH) training manual for clinical field surveys and practice. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2017;18:225-242.
  • 5. Hubbard MJ. Molar hypomineralization: What is the US experience? J Am Dent Assoc 2018;149:329-330.
  • 6. Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH): clinical presentation, aetiology and management. Dent Update 2004;31:9-12.
  • 7. Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2009;19:73-83.
  • 8. Jeremias F, Koruyucu M, Kuchler EC, Bayram M, Tuna EB, Deeley K, Pierri RA, Souza JF, Fragelli CMB, Paschoal MAB, Gencay K, Seymen F, Caminaga RMS, Santos-Pinto L, Vieira AR. Genes expressed in dental enamel development are associated with molar-incisor hypomineralization. Arch Oral Biol 2013;58:1434-1442.
  • 9. Teixeira RJ, Andrade NS, Queiroz LC, Mendes FM, Moura MS, Moura LFAD, Lima MDM. Exploring the association between genetic and environmental factors and molar incisor hypomineralization: evidence from a twin study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018;28:198-206.
  • 10. Hall RK. The prevalence of developmental defects of tooth enamel (DDE) in a paediatric hospital department of dentistry population (part I). Adv Dent Res 1989;3:114-119.
  • 11. Martinez A, Cubillos P, Jimenez M, Brethauer U, Catalan P, Gonzalez U. Prevalence of developmental enamel defects in mentally retarded children. J Dent Child 2002;69:151-155.
  • 12. Jalevik B, Noren JG, Klingberg B, Barregard L. Etiologic factors influencing the prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children. Eur J Oral Sci 2001;109:230-234.
  • 13. Beentjes E, Weerheijm KL, Groen HJ. Factors involving in the aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J Paediatr Dent 2002;3:9-13.
  • 14. Gurgolette RP, Dezan CC, Frossard WT, Ferreira FB, Cerci Neto A, Fernandes K.B. Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and adolescents with asthma. J Bras Pneumol 2009;35:295-300.
  • 15. Whatling R, Fearne JM. Molar incisor hypomineralization: a study of aetiological factors in a group of UK children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2008;18:155-162.
  • 16. Laisi S, Ess A, Sahlberg C, Arvio P, Lukinmaa PL, Alaluusua S. Amoxicillin may cause molar incisor hypomineralisation. J Dent Res 2009;88:132-136.
  • 17. Kühnisch J, Mach D, Thiering E, Brockow I, Hoffma U, Neumann C, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Bauer CP, Berdel D, von Berg A, Koletzko S, Garcia-Godoy F, Hickel R, Heinrich J;GINI Plus 10 Study Group. Respiratory diseases are associated with molar incisor hypomineralizations. Swiss Dent J 2014;124:286-293.
  • 18. Aine L, Backström MC, Maki R, Kuusela AL, Koivisto AM, Ikonen RS, Maki M. Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely. J Oral Pathol Med 2000;29:403-409.
  • 19. Aguirre JM, Rodriguez R, Oribe D, Vitoria JC. Dental enamel defects in Celiac patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral Endod 1997;84:646-650.
  • 20. Brogardh-Roth S, Matsson L, Klingberg G. Molar-incisor hypomineralization and oral hygiene in 10-to-12-yr-old Swedish children born preterm. Eur J Oral Sci 2011;119:33-39.
  • 21. Pitiphat W, Luangchaichaweng S, Pungchanchaikul P, Angwaravong O, Chansamak N. Factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralization in Thai children. Eur J Oral Sci 2014;122:265-270.
  • 22. Gurrusquieta BJ, Nunez VM, Lopez ML. Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization in Mexican children. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;41:18-21.
  • 23. Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa PL, Koskimies M, Pirinen S, Höltta P, Kallio M, Holttinen T, Salmenpera L. Developmental dental defects associated with long breast feeding. Eur J Oral Sci 1996;104:493-497.
  • 24. Laisi S, Kiviranta H, Lukinmaa PL, Vartiainen T, Alaluusua S. Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation and Dioxins: New Findings. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2008;9:224-227.
  • 25. Fagrell T. Molar incisor hypomineralization. Morphological and chemical aspects, onset and possible etiological factors. Swed Dent J 2011;5:11-83.
  • 26. Robinson C, Kirkham J, Brookes SJ, Bonass WA, Shore RC. The chemistry of enamel development. Int J Dev Biol 1995;39:145-152.
  • 27. Tharp AP, Maffini MV, Hunt PA, Vande Voort CA, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Bisphenol A alters the development of the rhesus monkey mammary gland. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:8190-8195.
  • 28. Nadal A. Obesity: Fat from plastics? Linking bisphenol A exposure and obesity. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2013;9:9-10.
  • 29. Pottenger LH, Domoradzki JY, Markham DA, Hansen SC, Cagen SZ, Waechter JM. The relative bioavailability and metabolism of Bisphenol A in rats is dependent upon the route of administration. Toxicol Sci 2000;54:3-18.
  • 30. Berdal A, Hotton D, Pike JW, Mathieu H, Dupret JM. Cell-and stage-specific expression of vitamin D receptor and calbindin genes in rat incisor: regulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Dev Biol 1993;155:172-179.
  • 31. Ferrer VL, Maeda T, Kawano Y. Characteristic distribution of immunoreaction for estrogen receptor alpha in ratameloblasts. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 2005;284:529-536.
  • 32. Hunt PA, Lawson C, Gieske M, Murdoch B, Smith H, Marre A, Hassold T, Vande Voort CA. Bisphenol A alters early oogenesis and follicle formation in the fetal ovary of the rhesus monkey. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;109:17525-17530.
  • 33. Söderholm KJ, Mariotti A. BIS-GMA--based resins in dentistry: are they safe? J Am Dent Assoc 1999;130:201-209.
  • 34. Cramer NB, Stansbury JW, Bowman CN. Recent advances and developments in composite dental restorative materials. J Dent Res 2011;90:402-416.
  • 35. Simmer JP, Hu JC. Dental enamel formation and its impact on clinical dentistry. J Dent Educ 2001;65:896-905.
  • 36. Bakrania P, Efthymiou M, Klein JC, Salt A, Bunyan DJ, Wyatt A, Ponting CP, Martin, A, Williams S, Lindley V, Gilmore J, Restori M, Robson AG, Neveu MM, Holder GE, Collin JR, Robinson DO, Farndon P, Johansen-Berg H, Gerrelli D, Ragge NK. Mutations in BMP4 cause eye, brain, and digit developmental anomalies: overlap between the BMP4 and hedgehog signaling pathways. Am J Hum Genet 2008;82:304-319.
  • 37. Kühnisch J, Thiering E, Heitmüller D, Tiesler CM, Grallert H, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Hickel R, Heinrich J; GINI-10 Plus Study Group; LISA-10 Plus Study Group. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) for molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Clin Oral Investig 2014;18:677-682.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Derya Ceyhan 0000-0002-4489-3248

Canan Akdik

Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ceyhan, D., & Akdik, C. (2020). MOLAR-INCISOR HYPOMINERALIZATION: WHY DOES IT OCCUR? / WHAT TO DO?. Turkish Journal of Health Science and Life, 3(1), 6-10.