The Effects of Sports on Oral and Dental Health

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 1 - 5, 25.10.2020

Derya Ceyhan , Tolga Emek

Öz

Introduction:
During growth and development, sportive activities found to be useful for physical,
mental, and personal development of children. Although many studies have
examined effects of sports on physical development, few have examined effects
on oral and dental health.

Aim:
To determine effects of sports on oral and dental health and to provide an
accurate guidance for children and adolescents.

Method:
A literature review of effects of sportive activities on oral and dental health
was performed.

Results:
In researches; dental caries, gingival health, dental erosion, salivary
properties, dental anomalies, and occlusion status were examined in sporting individuals.
Dental caries and gingival diseases were common in athletes, and risk factors
included inadequate oral hygiene, decrease in salivation, and frequent consumption
of acidic sports drinks. Sports drinks and decrease in salivation have also been
shown to be factors for dental erosion. Dental anomalies have been stated to be
able to occur due to traumas experienced during sports, which mainly include
crown fractures, luxation and avulsion injuries. Besides, development of maxillary
and mandibular arches were compatible with each other and occlusal relationship
was favorable for majority of professional athletes. Correct breathing
techniques, tongue positioning and movements have been emphasized to be important
for jaw development and positioning of teeth.

Conclusion:
Good oral health of athletes contributes to an
increase in sporting performance and success, as well as, a boost to morale and
self-confidence level. For good oral health; suitable dietary habits, regular/effective
oral hygiene habits, and preventive methods of traumatic injuries are necessary.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dentistry, Health, Sports

Kaynakça

• 1. Needleman I, Ashley P, Fine P, Haddad F, Loosemore M, de Medici A, Donos N, Newton T, van Someren K, Moazzez R, Jaques R, Hunter G, Khan K, Shimmin M, Brewer J, Meehan L, Mills S, Porter S. Oral health and elite sport performance. Br J Sports Med 2015;49:3-6.
• 2. Frese C, Frese F, Kuhlmann S, Saure D, Reljic D, Staehle HJ, Wolff D. Effect of endurance training on dental erosion, caries, and saliva. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015;25:e319-326.
• 3. Vanhegan IS, Palmer-Green D, Soligard T, Steffen K, O’Connor P, Bethapudi S, Budgett R, Haddad FS, Engebretsen L. The London 2012 Summer Olympic Games: an analysis of usage of the olympic village polyclinic by competing athletes. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:415-419.
• 4. Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves. Auton Neurosci 2007;133:3-18.
• 5. Huffman EA, Yard EE, Fields SK, Collins CL, Comstock RD. Epidemiology of rare injuries and conditions among United States high school athletes during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 school years. J Athl Train 2008;43:624-630.
• 6. Silvestrini-Biavati A, Capurro C, Ugolini A, Butti AC, Salvato A. Possible causal relationships between competitive swimming in growing age and three-dimensional dentoalveolar development. Prog Orthod 2013;14:17.
• 7. Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, Fortune F, Turner W, Jones J, Niggli J, Engebretsen L, Budgett R, Donos N, Clough T, Porter S. Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic Games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2013;47:1054-1058.
• 8. D’Ercole S, Tieri M, Martinelli D, Tripodi D. The effect of swimming on oral health status: competitive versus non-competitive athletes. J Appl Oral Sci 2016;24:107-113.
• 9. Milosevic A, Kelly MJ, McLean AN. Sports supplement drinks and dental health in competitive swimmers and cyclists. Br Dent J 1997;182:303-308.
• 10. Farsi N. Dental caries in relation to salivary factors in Saudi population groups. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9:16-23.
• 11. Okada M, Kawamura M, Oda Y, Yasuda R, Kojima T, Kurihara H. Caries prevalence associated with Streptococcus Mutans and Streptococcus Sobrinus in Japanese schoolchildren. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012;22:342-348.
• 12. Papacosta E, Nassis GP. Saliva as a tool for monitoring steroid, peptide and immune markers in sport and exercise science. J Sci Med Sport 2011;14:424-434.
• 13. Bryant S, McLaughlin K, Morgaine K, Drummond B. Elite athletes and oral health. Int J Sports Med 2011;32:720-724.
• 14. Erdemir U, Yıldız E, Eren MM. Effects of sports drinks on colour stability of nanofilled and microhybrid composites after long-term immersion. J Dent 2012;40 Suppl 2:e55-63.
• 15. Loos BG, Tjoa S. Host-derived diagnostic markers for periodontitis: do they exist in gingival crevice fluid? Periodontol 2000 2005;39:53-72.
• 16. Soares PV, Tolentino AB, Machado AC, Dias RB, Coto NP. Sports dentistry: a perspective for the future. Rev Bras Educ Fís Esporte 2014;28:351-358.
• 17. Baumgartner S, Imfeld T, Schicht O, Rath C, Persson RE, Persson GR. The impact of the stone age diet on gingival conditions in the absence of oral hygiene. J Periodontol 2009;80:759-768.
• 18. Lussi A, Jaeggi T, Zero D. The role of diet in the aetiology of dental erosion. Caries Res 2004;38:34-44.
• 19. Mulic A, Tveit AB, Songe D, Sivertsen H, Skaare AB. Dental erosive wear and salivary flow rate in physically active young adults. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:8.
• 20. Gay-Escoda C, Vieira-Duarte-Pereira DM, Ardèvol J, Pruna R, Fernandez J, Valmaseda-Castellón E. Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011;16:436-439.
• 21. Eccles JD, Jenkins WG. Dental erosion and diet. J Dent 1974;2:153-159.
• 22. Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Toothbrush abrasion of erosively altered enamel after intraoral exposure to saliva: an in situ study. Caries Res 1999;33:455-461.
• 23. Venables MC, Shaw L, Jeukendrup AE, Roedig-Penman A, Finke M, Newcombe RG, Parry J, Smith AJ. Erosive effect of a new sports drink on dental enamel during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2005;37:39-44.
• 24. Lussi A, Jaeggi T, Jaeggi-Schärer S. Prediction of the erosive potential of some beverages. Caries Res 1995;29:349-354.
• 25. Chuenarrom C, Daosodsai P, Benjakul P. Erosive potential of low pH swimming pool water on dental enamel. J Health Res 2010;24:91-94.
• 26. Atila E, Eden E. Dental erozyon: Etiyoloji, tanı ve tedavi yaklaşımı. EÜ Dişhek Fak Derg 2011;33:56-63.
• 27. West NX, Hughes JA, Parker DM, Moohan M, Addy M. Development of low erosive carbonated fruit drinks 2. Evaluation of an experimental carbonated blackcurrant drink compared to a conventional carbonated drink. J Dent 2003;31:361-365.
• 28. Cheng R, Yang H, Shao MY, Hu T, Zhou XD. Dental erosion and severe tooth decay related to soft drinks: a case report and literature review. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009;10:395-399.
• 29. Zauber H, Mosler S, von Heßberg A, Schulze WX. Dynamics of salivary proteins and metabolites during extreme endurance sports - a case study. Proteomics 2012;12:2221-2235.
• 30. Phillips SM, Sproule J, Turner AP. Carbohydrate ingestion during team games exercise: current knowledge and areas for future investigation. Sports Med 2011;41:559-585.
• 31. Con M, Tasmektepligil MY, Tunc T, Deniz Y. An investigation on the radiological findings of dental and bone diseases related to jaw trauma in combat sports. Turk J Sport Exe 2016;18:12-17.
• 32. Neville B, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, 3rd ed. Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, Missouri, 2009.
• 33. Moss ML, Salentijn L. The primary role of functional matrices in facial growth. Am J Orthod 1969;55:566-577.
• 34. Vargervik K, Miller AJ, Chierici G, Harvold E, Tomer BS. Morphologic response to changes in neuromuscular patterns experimentally induced by altered modes of respiration. Am J Orthod 1984;85:115-124.
• 35. Primozic J, Farcnik F, Perinetti G, Richmond S, Ovsenik M. The association of tongue posture with the dentoalveolar maxillary and mandibular morphology in class III malocclusion: a controlled study. Eur J Orthod 2013;35:388-393.