Pyracantha coccinea’nın Metanol Ekstrelerinin Antimitotik ve Antimutajenik Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Öz

Bu araştırmada, Pyracantha coccinea metanol ekstraktlarının Allium cepa somatik hücreleri üzerinde antimitotik ve antimutajenik etkileri değerlendirildi. Soğanlara ekstraktın 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 μg/mL dozları 6, 12 ve 24 saat için uygulandı. Saf su negatif kontrol olarak kullanıldı ve etilmetansülfonat bir pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldı. Mitotik indeks çoğunlukla artan ekstrakt konsantrasyonlarıyla azaldı. Mitotik anormallikler düzensiz profaz, yapışık kromozom, geri kalmış kromozom ve c-mitoz olarak gözlendi. Ayrıca, mikroçekirdek sıklığı interfazda hesaplandı. Böylelikle P. coccinea metanol ekstraktlarının antimitotik ve antimutajenik potansiyeli çeşitli testlerle A. cepa kök ucu hücrelerinin kullanılmasıyla değerlendirildi ve belirlenen antimutajenik dozun kullanımı önerildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pyracantha coccinea,Allium cepa,Metanol ekstresi,Antimitotik,Antimutajenik,Antimutajenik

Investigation of the Antimitotic and Antimutagenic Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Pyracantha coccinea

Abstract

In this investigation, the antimitotic and antimutagenic effects of Pyracantha coccinea methanol extracts on somatic cells of Allium cepa was evaluated. The onion bulbs were applied to 400, 800, 1600, and 3200 μg /mL doses of the extract for 6, 12 and 24 h. Distilled water was utilized as a negative control and ethylmethanesulfonate was utilized as a positive control. The mitotic index mostly declined as increasing the extract concentrations. The mitotic abnormalities were observed as disturbed prophase, stickiness, laggards, chromatid bridges and c-mitosis. Also, micronucleus frequency was calculated in interphase. Thence, the antimitotic and antimutagenic potency of P. coccinea methanol extract with various tests were evaluated by using the root tip cells of A. cepa, and the use of a defined antimutagenic dose was proposed.

Keywords

• Pyracantha coccinea,Allium cepa,Methanolic extract,Antimitotic,Antimutagenic,Antimutagenic

Kaynakça

1. Badr A. 1983. Mitodepressive and chromotoxic activities of two herbicides in A. cepa. Cytologia, 48: 451-457.
2. Bilia AR, Catalano S. 1991. Flavonoids from Pyracantha coccinea roots. Phytochem, 33(6): 1449.
3. Bilia AR, Flamini G. 1993. New constituents from Pyracantha coccinea leaves. J Nat Prod, 56(6):984.
4. Bilia AR, Morelli I. 1994. Two glucosides from Pyracantha coccinea roots: a new lignin and a new chalcone. Tetrahedron, 50(17): 5181
5. Bolle P, Mastrangelo S, Tucci P, Evandri MG. 2004. Clastogenicity of atrazine assessed with the Allium cepa test. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 43: 137-141.
6. Çelik TA, Aslantürk ÖS. 2009. Investigation of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Ecballium elaterium juice based on Allium test. Methods and Findings in Experimental Clinical Pharmacology, 31(9): 591-596.
7. Darlington CD, La Cour F. 1976. The Handling of Chromosomes. Allen and Unvin, London.
8. Fico G, Bilia AR, Morelli I, Tome F. 2000. Flavonoid distribution in Pyracantha coccinea plants at different growth phases. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 28: 673-678

9. Fiskesjö G. 1985. The Allium test as a Standard in environmental monitoring. Hereditas, 112: 99-112.
10. Fiskesjö G, Levan A. 1993. Evaluation of the first ten MEIC chemicals in the Allium-test. Alta, 2: 139-149.
11. Gebel T, Kevekordes S, Pav K, Edenharder R, Dunkelberg H. 1997. In vivo genotoxicity of selected herbicides in the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test. Archives Toxicology, 71: 193-197. Karaismailoğlu MC, Inceer H, Hayırlıoglu-Ayaz S. 2013. Effects of quizalofop-p-ethyl herbicide on the somatic chromosomes of Helianthus annuus (Sunflower). Ekoloji, 22: 49-56.
12. Karaismailoğlu MC. 2013. Deltamethrin ve quizalofop-p-etil pestisitlerinin Helianthus annuus L. (Ayçiçeği) kök ucu hücreleri üzerine mutajenik etkilerinin araştırılması [MSc Thesis]. Trabzon: Karadeniz Technical University.
13. Karaismailoğlu MC. 2014. Investigation of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of Artemisia annua methanol extract with the Allium test. Ekoloji, 23: 64-74.
14. Karaismailoğlu MC. 2015. Investigation of the potential toxic effects of prometryne herbicide on Allium cepa root tip cells with mitotic activity, chromosome aberration, micronucleus frequency, nuclear DNA amount and comet assay. Caryologia, 68: 323-329.
15. Karaismailoglu MC. 2016. The Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Cytotoxic Effects of Pyriproxyfen Insecticide on Allium cepa Somatic Chromosomes with Mitotic Activity, Chromosome Abnormality and Micronucleus Frequency. Turk J Life Sci, 1/2:065-069
16. Kaymak F. 2005. Cytogenetic effects of maleic hydrazide on Helianthus annuus L. Pakistan Journal of Sciences, 8(1): 104-108.
17. Kayraldız A, Yavuz Kocaman A, Rencüzogullari E, Istifli ES, Ila HB, Topaktas M, Daglioglu YK. 2010. The genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects of Aloe vera leaf extract in vivo and in vitro. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34: 235-246.
18. Khadra A, Pinelli E, Lacroix MZ, Bousquet-Melou A, Hamdi H, Merlina G, Guiresse M, Klasterska I, Natarajan AJ, Ramel C. 1976. An interpretation of the origin of subchromatid aberrations and chromosome stickiness as a category of chromatid aberrations. Hereditas, 83: 153-169.
19. Kowaleuki Z, Mrugasiewicz M. 1971. Neue flavanonheteroside in Crataegus phenophyrum. Planta Medica, 19: 311-313
20. Panda BB and Sahu UK. 1985. Induction of abnormal spindle function and cytokinesis inhibition in mitotic cells of Allium cepa by the organophosphorus insecticide fensulfothion. Cytobios, 42: 147-155.
21. Pignatti S. 1982. Flora d' Italia, Edagricole, Bologna, Italia, p. 610.
22. Ping KY, Darah I, Yusuf UK, Yeng C, Sasidharan S. 2012. Genotoxicity of Euphorbia hirta: an Allium cepa assay. Molecules, 17: 7782-7791.
23. Sharma CBSR. 1983. Plant meristems as monitors of genetic toxicity of environmental chemicals. Current Science India, 52: 1000-1002.
24. Shehab AS, Adam ZM. 1983. Cytological effects of medicinal plants in Qatar III. Mitotic effect of water extract of Anastatica hierochuntico L. on Allium cepa. Cytologia, 48: 343-348.
25. Singh P, Srivastava AK, Singh AK. 2008. Cell cycle stace specific application of cypermethrin and carbendazim to assess the genotoxicity in somatic cells of Hordeum vulgare L. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 81: 258-261.
26. Smaka-Kincl V, Stegnar P, Lovka M, Toman JM. 1996. The evoluation of waste, surface and ground water quality using the Allium test procedure. Mutation Research, 368: 171-179.
27. Sokolowska A, Szewczyk K, Bawol Z. 2009. Determination of free and bound phenolic acids in leaves and fruits of Pyracantha coccinea (L.) Roem. (Rosaceae). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, Sectio DDD, 22(4):107-112.
28. SPSS Inc. Released 2008. SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
29. Sudhakar R, Ninge Gowda KN, Venu G. 2001. Mitotic abnormalities induced by silk dyeing industry effluents in the cells of Allium cepa. Cytologia, 66(3): 235-239.
30. Vahabi L, Monajemi R, Shahanipour K, Moridnia A, Mortazavifar F. 2014. Studying the Cytotoxic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer Fruit on HeLa cell Line and Antioxidant Capacities and Total Phenol Contents of Methanolic and Aquatic Extract of this Fruit. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci, 3: 206-209.