Bakteriyal Biyofilmlerin Biyolojik Önemi ve Etkili Kontrol Stratejileri

Öz

Bakteriler, canlı yüzeylere olduğu kadar protezler ve kalıcı tıbbi cihazlar gibi cansız yüzeylere de yapışabilir ve hücre dışı polisakkaritler, proteinler ve diğer bileşenlerden oluşan bir biyofilm oluşturabilirler. Biyofilm içinde büyüyen bakteriyel patojenler, pek çok antibiyotik etkisine ve doğuştan gelen bağışıklık sistemine dirençlidirler. Biyofilm oluşumu, konak canlıda antimikrobiyal maddelere olan direnci arttırdığı gibi iltihabi reaksiyonları tetikleyerek kronik inflamasyona bağlı kalıcı infeksiyonlara da neden olabilir. Tüm mikrobik infeksiyonların %60'ından fazlasının biyofilmlerden kaynaklandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Özellikle klinisyenler bakteriyel biyofilm oluşumunun ve bunlarla ilişkili hastalıkların öneminden daha fazla haberdar edilebilirse, bu konuda daha fazla araştırma yapılıp yeni tedavi yaklaşımları geliştirilebilecektir. Bununla birlikte, biyofilmlerin zararlı etkilerini gidermek için etkili stratejiler geliştirme girişimleri yapılmaktadır ve mikrobiyal biyofilmlerin yok edilmesi için uygun bir terapi tasarlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derleme ile bakteriyel biyofilmlerin biyolojik önemi ve bakteriyel infeksiyonların kontrolü ve tedavisi için umut vaat eden etkili kontrol stratejilerinin özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bakteriyal biyofilm,biyofilm direnci,quorum sensing,antibiyofilm stratejiler

The Biological Significance of Bacterial Biofilms and Effective Control Strategies

Abstract

Bacteria can adhere to inanimate surfaces, such as prostheses, permanent medical devices, as far as living surfaces, and can form a biofilm composed of extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and other components. Bacteria growing in the biofilm are resistant to many antibiotic effects and the innate immune system. Biofilm formation may increase resistance to antimicrobials in the host, as well as induce inflammatory reactions, leading to persistent infections due to chronic inflammation. More than 60% of all microbial infections are estimated to be due to biofilms. Especially, if clinicians are made more aware of the importance of the bacterial biofilm formation and associated diseases, more research and new treatment approaches can be developed. However, attempts have been made to develop effective strategies to counteract the harmful effects of biofilms, and further research is needed to design appropriate therapies for the destruction of microbial biofilms. In this review, it is aimed to summarize the biological significance of bacterial biofilms and the promising effective control strategies for the control and treatment of bacterial infections.

Keywords

• quorum sensing,Bacterial biofilm,biofilm resistance,antibiofilm strategies

Kaynakça

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